[BACK]Return to homework6.html CVS log [TXT] [DIR] Up to [LON-CAPA] / doc / homework
File:  [LON-CAPA] / doc / homework / Attic / homework6.html
Revision 1.1: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Thu May 31 20:52:54 2001 UTC (22 years, 11 months ago) by ng
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD
Description of CAPA/LON-CAPA functions and the differences between them.

<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
   <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document">
   <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 9">
   <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 9">
   <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.72 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.14-5.0 i686) [Netscape]">
   <title>LON-CAPA Functions</title>
<link rel=File-List href="./LON-CAPA_Functions_files/filelist.xml">
<link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="./LON-CAPA_Functions_files/editdata.mso">
<link rel=OLE-Object-Data href="./LON-CAPA_Functions_files/oledata.mso">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <o:DocumentProperties>
  <o:Author>Neon</o:Author>
  <o:LastAuthor>Neon</o:LastAuthor>
  <o:Revision>2</o:Revision>
  <o:TotalTime>288</o:TotalTime>
  <o:LastPrinted>2001-05-31T17:33:00Z</o:LastPrinted>
  <o:Created>2001-05-31T22:25:00Z</o:Created>
  <o:LastSaved>2001-05-31T22:25:00Z</o:LastSaved>
  <o:Pages>6</o:Pages>
  <o:Words>974</o:Words>
  <o:Characters>5555</o:Characters>
  <o:Company>FSU</o:Company>
  <o:Lines>46</o:Lines>
  <o:Paragraphs>11</o:Paragraphs>
  <o:CharactersWithSpaces>6821</o:CharactersWithSpaces>
  <o:Version>9.2720</o:Version>
 </o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <w:WordDocument>
  <w:ActiveWritingStyle Lang="EN-US" VendorID="64" DLLVersion="131077"
   NLCheck="1">1</w:ActiveWritingStyle>
 </w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
 /* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{mso-style-parent:"";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
h1
	{mso-style-next:Normal;
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	page-break-after:avoid;
	mso-outline-level:1;
	font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-font-kerning:0pt;}
@page Section1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 63.0pt 1.0in 1.0in;
	mso-header-margin:.5in;
	mso-footer-margin:.5in;
	mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" lang="EN-US" style="tab-interval:.5in">

<div class=Section1>
<h1>
<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>LON-CAPA Functions<o:p></o:p></span></h1>

<div class="MsoNormal">All LON-CAPA functions are called as &amp;function_name.
Function names are case-sensitive. Variable names must be preceded by the
"$" sign.</div>


<p class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p>
<br>&nbsp;
<table BORDER CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 style="border-collapse:collapse;
 border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" >
<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><b>CAPA Functions</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><b>LON-CAPA</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><b>Descriptions</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><b>Differences (if any)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;sin($x), &amp;cos($x), &amp;tan($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Trigonometric functions where x is in radians. $x
can be a pure number, i.e., you can call &amp;sin(3.1415).</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;asin($x), &amp;acos($x), &amp;atan($x), &amp;atan2($y,$x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Inverse trigonometric functions. Return value is
in radians. For asin and acos the value of x must be between -1 and 1.
The atan2 returns a value between -pi and pi the sign of which is determined
by y. $x and $y can be pure numbers.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">log(x), log10(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;log($x), &amp;log10($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Natural and base-10 logarithm. $x can be a pure
number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">exp(x), pow(x,y), sqrt(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;exp($x), &amp;pow($x,$y), &amp;sqrt($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Exponential, power and square root, i.e.,ex, xy
and&nbsp;<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
   id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
   path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
   <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
   <v:formulas>
    <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
    <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
    <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
    <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
    <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
    <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
    <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
   </v:formulas>
   <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
   <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
  </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18.75pt;
   height:18pt' o:ole="">
   <v:imagedata src="./LON-CAPA_Functions_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
  </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img SRC="image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" height=24 width=25><![endif]><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
   <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
    DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1052827907">
   </o:OLEObject>
  </xml><![endif]-->.
$x and $y can be pure numbers.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">abs(x), sgn(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;abs($x), &amp;sgn($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Abs takes the absolute value of x while sgn(x) returns
1, 0 or -1 depending on the value of x. For x>0, sgn(x) = 1, for x=0, sgn(x)
= 0 and for x&lt;0, sgn(x) = -1. $x can be a pure number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">erf(x), erfc(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;erf($x), &amp;erfc($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Error function.&nbsp;<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027"
   type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:105pt;height:33pt' o:ole="">
   <v:imagedata src="./LON-CAPA_Functions_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
  </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img SRC="image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" height=44 width=140><![endif]><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
   <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027"
    DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1052827908">
   </o:OLEObject>
  </xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>and
<i>erfx(x)</i> = 1.0 - <i>erf(x)</i>.&nbsp;</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">$x can be a pure number.</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">ceil(x), floor(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;ceil($x), &amp;floor($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Ceil function returns an integer rounded up whereas
floor function returns and integer rounded down. If x is an integer than
it returns the value of the integer. $x can be a pure number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">min(...), max(...)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;min(...), &amp;max(...)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Returns the minimum/ maximum value of a list of
arguments if the arguments are numbers. If the arguments are strings then
it returns a string sorted according to the ASCII codes.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">factorial(n)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;factorial($n)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Argument (n) must be an integer else it will round
down. The largest value for n is 170. $n can be a pure number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">N%M</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">$N%$M</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">N and M are integers and returns the remainder (in
integer) of N/M. $N and $M can be pure numbers.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">sinh(x), cosh(x), tanh(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;sinh($x), &amp;cosh($x), &amp;tanh($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">asinh(x), acosh(x), atanh(x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;asinh($x), &amp;acosh($x), &amp;atanh($x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Inverse hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">roundto(x,n)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;roundto($x,$n)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Rounds a real number to n decimal points. $x and
$n can be pure numbers.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">web("a","b","c") or web(a,b,c)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;web("a","b","c") or &amp;web($a,$b,$c)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Returns either a, b or c depending on the output
medium. a is for plain ASCII, b for tex output and c for html output.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"></div>&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">html("a") or html(a)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;html("a") or &amp;html($a)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Output only if the output mode chosen is in html
format.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">jn(m,x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;j0($x), &amp;j1($x), &amp;jn($m,$x), &amp;jv($y,$x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Bessel functions of the first kind with orders 0,
1 and m respectively. For jn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for jv(y,x),
y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and can be a
pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">In CAPA, j0, j1 and jn are contained in one function,
jn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. jv(y,x) was not implemented.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">yn(m,x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;y0($x), &amp;y1($x), &amp;yn($m,$x), &amp;yv($y,$x)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Bessel functions of the second kind with orders
0, 1 and m respectively. For yn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for
yv(y,x), y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and
can be a pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">In CAPA, y0, y1 and yn are contained in one function,
yn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. yv(y,x) was not implemented.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">random(l,u,d)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;random($l,$u,$d)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Returns a uniformly distributed random number between
the lower bound, l and upper bound, u in steps of d. $l, $u and $d can
be pure numbers.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">In CAPA, all the 3 arguments must be of the same
type. However, now you can mix the type.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">choose(i,..)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;choose($i,...)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Choose the ith item from the argument list. i must
be an integer greater than 0 and the value of i should not exceed the number
of items. $i can be a pure integer.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">tex(a,b), tex("a","b")</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;tex($a,$b), &amp;tex("a","b")</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Returns a if the output mode is in tex otherwise
returns b.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">var_in_tex(a)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;var_in_tex($a)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Equivalent to tex("a","")</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">to_string(x), to_string(x,y)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;to_string($x), &amp;to_string($x,$y)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">If x is an integer, returns a string. If x is real
than the output is a string with format given by y. For example, if x =
12.3456, &amp;to_string(x,".3F") = 12.345 and &amp;to_string(x,".3E") =
1.234E+01.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">capa_id(), class(), section(), set(), problem()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;class(), &amp;section()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Returns null string, class descriptive name, section
number, set number and null string.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">capa_id(), set() and problem() are no longer used.
Currently, they return a null value.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">name(), student_number()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;name(), &amp;student_number()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Return the full name in the following format: lastname,
firstname initial. Student_number returns the student 9-alphanumeric string.
If undefined, the functions return null.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">open_date(), due_date(), answer_date()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;open_date(), &amp;due_date(), &amp;answer_date()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Problem open date, due date and answer date. The
time is also included in 24-hr format.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Output format for time is changed slightly. If pass
noon, it displays ..pm else it displays ..am. So 23:59 is displayed as
11:59 pm.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">get_seed(), set_seed()</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Not implemented</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Get and set the random seed.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">sub_string(a,b,c)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;sub_string($a,$b,$c)</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">perl&nbsp;

<p class="MsoNormal">substr function. However, note the differences.</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Retrieve a portion of string a starting from b and
length c. For example,&nbsp;</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">$a = "Welcome to LON-CAPA";

<p class="MsoNormal">$result=&amp;sub_string($a,4,4);

<p class="MsoNormal">then $result is "come".</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Perl intrinsic function, substr(string,b,c) starts
counting from 0 (as opposed to 1). In the example to the left, substr($a,4,4)
returns "ome ".</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">array[xx]</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">@arrayname</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">Array is intrinsic in perl.<span style="mso-spacerun:
  yes"></span>

<p class="MsoNormal">To access a specific element use $arrayname[$n] where
$n is the $n+1 element since the array count starts from 0.</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">"xx" can be a variable or a calculation.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">In LON-CAPA, an array is defined by @arrayname.
It is not necessary to specify the dimension of the array.&nbsp;</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">array_moments(B,A)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">@B=&amp;array_moments(@A)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Evaluates the moments of an array A and place the
result in array B[i] where i = 0 to 4. The contents of B are as follows:
B[0] = number of elements, B[1] = mean, B[2] = variance, B[3] = skewness
and B[4] = kurtosis.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">array_max(Name), array_min(Name)</div>


<p class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">&amp;min(@Name), &amp;max(@Name)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">In LON-CAPA to find the maximum value of an array,
use</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">&amp;max(@arrayname)&nbsp;

<p class="MsoNormal">and to find the minimum value of an array, use

<p class="MsoNormal">&amp;min(@arrayname).</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Combined with the min and max functions defined
earlier.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">init_array(Name)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">undef @name</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">To destroy the contents of an array, use</div>


<p class="MsoNormal">undef @arrayname;</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Use perl intrinsic undef function.</div>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" style="width:1.45in;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">random_norma(...), random_beta(...), random_gamma(...),
random_exponential(...), random_poisson(...), random_chi(...), random_noncentral(...)</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="168" style="width:1.75in;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal">Not yet implemented.</div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>

<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" style="width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<div class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p class="MsoNormal"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><o:p></o:p></div>

</body>
</html>
FreeBSD-CVSweb <freebsd-cvsweb@FreeBSD.org>