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version 1.5, 2002/06/04 21:07:28	version 1.6, 2002/06/05 21:49:47
Line 51 Author's Tutorial And Manual	Line 51 Author's Tutorial And Manual

\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center
This manual was developed by John Williamson in the Office of Medical Education	John Williamson, Felicia Berryman, Jeremy Bowers
Research and Development.
Some information in thie manual is adapted from the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LON-CAPA Workshop Demo
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

developed by Felicia Berryman in the Laboratory for Instructional Technology
in Education.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

\SpecialChar ~	\SpecialChar ~
Line 111 IMHO	Line 100 IMHO

LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your	LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your
course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment.	course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment.
All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher,	All author functions are done through a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher,
a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface.	a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required).
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

At this time, you should have:	At this time, you should have:
Line 122 developed your objectives for your cours	Line 111 developed your objectives for your cours

\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats.	developed your problems for input into LON-CAPA and determined the appropriate
	question formats.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

About This Manual	About This Manual
Line 157 Much of this document can be used as a t	Line 147 Much of this document can be used as a t
with no previous LON-CAPA experience.	with no previous LON-CAPA experience.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

For more information, see the website at	For additional help, visit our FAQ at
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
http://help.loncapa.org/	http://help.loncapa.org/
\family default	\family default
, where you can get help.	.
If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let
us know, so we can put the solution to your problem online for everyone.
\layout Section	\layout Section

The LON-CAPA Author Interface	The LON-CAPA Author Interface
Line 404 The Author Remote Control, show in figur	Line 392 The Author Remote Control, show in figur

, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course	, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course
instructor.	instructor.
The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, so you	The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, and is
may position it on the screen where you can make the best use of it.	automatically sized and placed in the upper left of the screen.
The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions	The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions
and roles within LON-CAPA.	and roles within LON-CAPA.

Line 413 The Author Remote Control, show in figur	Line 401 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 177 420	\begin_inset Figure size 180 420
file authorRemote.eps	file authorRemote.eps
height 3 50	height 3 50
flags 9	flags 9
Line 479 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)	Line 467 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)


\series bold	\series bold
EGRD (ENTER GRADES)	SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)
\series default	\series default
is used to enter grades for students enrolled in your course.	brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple
	criteria.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


\series bold	\series bold
SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)	PREF (PREFERENCES)
\series default	\series default
brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple	brings up a screen that allows you to change some preferences.
criteria.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


\series bold	\series bold
LOGOUT (LOGOUT)	EXIT (LOGOUT)
\series default	\series default
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.	will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
\layout Section	\layout Section
Line 555 Problem	Line 543 Problem

A	A
\series bold	\series bold
Map	Sequence
\series default	\series default

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}

\end_inset	\end_inset

resource of the	is a type of
\series bold	\series bold
Sequence	Map
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}	\series default

\end_inset	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}

	\end_inset

\series default	which is used to link other resources together.
type represents a programmed series of events.
The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote	The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote
or the NAV button to follow the sequence.	or the NAV button to follow the sequence.
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension	Sequences are stored in files that must use the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 583 Sequence	Line 571 Sequence
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
	Sequences can contain other sequences and pages.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

A	A
\series bold	\series bold
Map	Page
\series default	\series default

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}

\end_inset	\end_inset

resource of the	is a type of
\series bold	\series bold
Page	Map
\series default	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}

\end_inset	\end_inset

type display multiple resources together.
	\series default
	which is used to join other resources together into one HTML page.
For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.	For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension	These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
Line 862 How to Create New Content Pages	Line 851 How to Create New Content Pages
Content Pages	Content Pages
\series default	\series default
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.	are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.
To create new Content Pages, do the following:
	\layout Standard

	Many users use tools such as Dreamweaver to create web pages.
	To upload HTML files generated with such tools, you can use the
	\series bold
	Browse
	\series default
	button in the Construction Space, locate your HTML file, and use the
	\series bold
	Upload File
	\series default
	button to create a content page in LON-CAPA.
	Remember to upload any graphics your generated web pages may have included.
	\layout Standard

	To create new Content Pages, do the following:
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the	Click the
Line 870 Click the	Line 875 Click the
CSTR	CSTR
\series default	\series default
button on the LON-CAPA remote.	button on the LON-CAPA remote.
You web page will change to your Construction Space.	Your web page will change to your Construction Space.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In Location bar of your browser, type in full URL of the new Content Page.	In the Location bar of your browser, type in the full URL of the new Content
	Page.
Make sure the last part of the URL ends with	Make sure the last part of the URL ends with
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 883 In Location bar of your browser, type in	Line 889 In Location bar of your browser, type in
\end_inset	\end_inset

, for example,	, for example,
	\newline

\emph on	\emph on
http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/\SpecialChar \-	http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/username/new_resource.html
directory/new_resource.html
\emph default	\emph default
.	.
Press the Return or Enter key.	\newline
\layout Enumerate	Press the Return or Enter key.

You should see something like the following message: File not found: /home/wmson
j/priv/\SpecialChar \-
directory/new_resource.html, and an Edit button.
Click the
\series bold
Edit
\series default
button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Type the content into the editor,	Type the content into the editor,
Line 937 Repeat this process as many times as nec	Line 935 Repeat this process as many times as nec

If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,	If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,
which we'll use later as raw material.	which we'll use later as raw material.
	\begin_float footnote
	\layout Standard

	Visit the FAQ at
	\family typewriter
	http://help.lon-capa.org/
	\family default
	if you get
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	unmatched tag
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	warnings.
	\end_float
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

How to Edit Existing Content Pages	How to Edit Existing Content Pages
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

You may edit any any Content Pages that have been created.	You may edit any Content Pages that have been created.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To edit Content Pages:	To edit Content Pages:
Line 961 Click on the link for the name of the Co	Line 976 Click on the link for the name of the Co
Content Page.	Content Page.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Press the Edit button.	Press the
	\series bold
	Edit
	\series default
	button.
Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.	Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Line 1012 EditXML	Line 1031 EditXML
Problems Types	Problems Types
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

There are five types of problems that can be created with the LON-CAPA system:	In this manual we will cover five basic types of problems: Radio Response,
Radio Response, Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and	Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and Formula Response.
Formula Response.
You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create	You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create
appropriate questions for your course.	appropriate questions for your course.
	\layout Standard

	The problem editor gives you a testing area where you can try your problems
	out, with several different randomizations by varying the
	\series bold
	Random Seed
	\series default
	.
	If you answer a problem correctly and can no longer enter new answers,
	you can get the answer field back by hitting the
	\series bold
	Reset Submissions
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reset Submissions}

	\end_inset


	\series default
	button.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Foils	Foils
Line 1031 Foil	Line 1068 Foil


\series default	\series default
is a choice in a Radio Response or Option Response problem.	is the statement after the drop-down box or radio button in a Radio Response
For instance, True/False problems have two foils, one for True, and one	or Option Response problem.
for False.
Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.	Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Line 1049 Radio Response	Line 1085 Radio Response
\series bold	\series bold
Radio Response	Radio Response
\series default	\series default
problems represent multiple choice questions.	problems present a list of foils, with buttons in front.
A True/False problem is a special case of Radio Response problem with two	The student can select
foils, True or False.	\emph on
\layout Standard	one
	\emph default
Multiple choice problems contain between 3 to 10 foils.	of these statements by clicking the appropriate radio button.
You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system
randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student.
\layout Comment

Eh? If this means what I think it means, clarify.
Is the system really incapable of showing eight choices all at once?
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Option Response	Option Response
Line 1071 Option Response	Line 1101 Option Response
Problems	Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Option Response problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
A group of foils is created for each concept group, and the system will	\series bold
pick one to present to the student from each group.	Option Response
The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible	\series default
answers before receiving credit for the problem.	problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
	The student can select the matching choice for the foils from a list of
	choices.
	Optionally, the foils may be bundled into Concept Groups, and the system
	will select one foil from each displayed group to display to the student.
For more details, see Create Option Response in section	For more details, see Create Option Response in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}

Line 1163 Numerical Response	Line 1197 Numerical Response
Formula Response Problems	Formula Response Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Formula Response problems are questions in which the student types in a
math formula for the answer.	\series bold
	Formula Response
	\series default
	problems ask the student to type in a math formula for the answer.
If the answer is	If the answer is
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}-11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}-11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1181 Creating Radio Response Problems	Line 1218 Creating Radio Response Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 201	\begin_inset Figure size 476 202
file creatingNewProblemResource.eps	file creatingNewProblemResource.eps
width 3 80	width 3 80
flags 13	flags 13
Line 1198 Creating A New Problem Resource	Line 1235 Creating A New Problem Resource


\end_float	\end_float
To create an Radio Response	To create a Radio Response
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1253 Radio Response Creation Form	Line 1290 Radio Response Creation Form


\end_float	\end_float
You will need to create the possible answers and the questions.	You will need to specify the question text and foil statements.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1347 Four.	Line 1384 Four.
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	Make sure this is set to
	\series bold
	true
	\series default
	in the
	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	field.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Below it, you will see	Below it, you will see
Line 1368 Purple.	Line 1413 Purple.
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	Make sure this is set to
	\series bold
	false
	\series default
	in the
	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	field.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect	Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect
Line 1414 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show	Line 1467 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show

.	.
Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.	Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.
	You may delete the hint by selecting
	\series bold
	Yes
	\series default
	from the
	\series bold
	Delete
	\series default
	drop-down box.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the	Click the
Line 1439 true	Line 1501 true
\series bold	\series bold
true	true
\series default	\series default
, so you can have questions with multiple correct answers.	, but only one will be shown to any given student.
If it is set to	If it is set to
\series bold	\series bold
false	false
Line 1469 Maximum Number of Shown Foils	Line 1531 Maximum Number of Shown Foils
box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to	box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to
all be displayed.	all be displayed.
If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have	If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have
created them in, type the HTML tag	created them in, type the tag
\series bold	\series bold
<norandom>	<norandom />
\series default	\series default
into your problem text.	into your problem text.
This can be useful with the ever-popular	This can be useful with the ever-popular
Line 1484 All of the above	Line 1546 All of the above

choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will	choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will
change.	change.
\layout Subsubsection

True/False
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{True/False Problem}

\end_inset

Problem
\layout Standard

A True/False problem is a Radio Response problem with two choices, True
and False.
set the
\series bold
Maximum Number of Shown Foils
\series default
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, and mark the correct answer
\series bold
true
\series default
.
For example, for the True/False question
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Napoleon conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, mark the foil containing the answer
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

False
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

as
\series bold
true
\series default
, because it is the correct answer.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Option Response	Option Response
Line 1612 Concept Group	Line 1624 Concept Group
\series default	\series default
has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually	has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually
related.	related.
Option Response Problems can have between 4 and 8 Concept Groups in a problem.	Option Response Problem Templates are available for 4 and 8 Concept Groups.
When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA	When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA
system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present	system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present
it to the student.	it to the student.
In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must answer all	In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must select the
of the Concept Group foils correctly.	corresponding option from the drop-down box for each given foil.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Example: Concept Group	Example: Concept Group
Line 1672 For each foil, the author marks it True	Line 1684 For each foil, the author marks it True
Example: Matching Problem	Example: Matching Problem
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their	Option Response problems can be used as matching problems as well.
composers.	\layout Standard

	For example, you might want to ask the student to match musical compositions
	with their composers.
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and	You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and
place the following four things each in their own concept group:	place the following four foil groups each in its own concept group:
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Claire de Lune	Claire de Lune
Line 1683 Claire de Lune	Line 1698 Claire de Lune

\end_inset	\end_inset

	, Ballade
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1691 Debussy.	Line 1706 Debussy.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

The Pastoral Symphony	The Pastoral Symphony, The Ninth Symphony
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.	Beethoven.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Sleeping Beauty Suite	Sleeping Beauty Suite, The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1707 Tchaikovsky.	Line 1722 Tchaikovsky.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies	Slavonic Dances, New World Symphony
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Also Tchaikovsky, from The Nutcracker.	Dvorak.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1730 Schubert	Line 1745 Schubert
Tchaikovsky	Tchaikovsky
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Bach	Dvorak
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.	The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.
Line 1776 problem	Line 1791 problem
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1850 Locate the	Line 1865 Locate the
Max Number of Shown Foils	Max Number of Shown Foils
\series default	\series default
element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.	element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.
You cannot display more then one foil from each concept group, so this	You cannot display more than one foil from each concept group, so this
option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less then	option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less than
the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.	the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Line 1875 Save Changes	Line 1890 Save Changes
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
button, your option will not be selectable below.	button, your option will not be selectable below.
\layout Enumerate	(You will delete unwanted options in the last step.)

To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
that option from the
\series bold
Delete Option
\series default
drop down, and hit the Save Changes button.
Do that for each option you wish to remove.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Now, you need to define the question foils.	Now, you need to define the question foils.
Line 1934 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint	Line 1941 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
button.	button.
	\layout Enumerate

	Make sure all the options you want to delete are not used for any of your
	foils
	\begin_float footnote
	\layout Standard

	If a deleted option is used in a foil, it will appear in a text box in the

	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	area for that foil.
	To make the drop-down box reappear, type an option already defined in the

	\series bold
	Select Options
	\series default
	field, and hit
	\series bold
	Submit Changes
	\series default
	.
	A drop-down box will reappear.
	\end_float
	.
	To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
	that option from the
	\series bold
	Delete an Option
	\series default
	drop down, and hit the
	\series bold
	Save Changes
	\series default
	button.
	Do that for each option you wish to remove.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups	Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups
Line 1944 If you select	Line 1988 If you select
Simple Option Response	Simple Option Response
\series default	\series default
from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter	from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter
up to eight foils, and the system will randomly select from these foils,	up to eight foils with no grouping.
with no grouping.	The system will randomly mix these foils when presenting them to the student.
Otherwise, it's identical to Option Response problems.	You can have more foils then the
	\series bold
	Max Num of Shown Foils
	\series default
	so that each student will not have the identical foils.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating a String Response Problem	Creating a String Response Problem
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To create an String Response problem, create a new resource as described	To create a String Response problem, create a new resource as described
in section	in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}

Line 1984 problem	Line 2032 problem
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset

, select	, select
\series bold	\series bold
Simple String Response Problem	String Response Problem
\series default	\series default
, and click the	, and click the
\series bold	\series bold
Line 2035 String Response Editor	Line 2083 String Response Editor
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Clear the text from the Text Block at the top of the problem, and type in	Clear the text from the
your problem's question.	\series bold
	Text Block
	\series default
	at the top of the problem, and type in your problem.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the	In the
Line 2046 Answer Box	Line 2097 Answer Box
, type the correct answer.	, type the correct answer.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Select the answer condition from the drop down box.	Select the answer condition from the drop-down.
There are three cases to choose from:	There are three cases to choose from:
\begin_deeper	\begin_deeper
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate
Line 2064 Case Sensitive	Line 2115 Case Sensitive
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
For example, this is useful in Chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely	For example, this is useful in chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely
different answers	different answers
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\end_deeper	\end_deeper
Line 2230 Single Line Text Entry Area	Line 2281 Single Line Text Entry Area
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.	box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students	Scroll down to the
when they answer incorrectly.	\series bold
	Hint
	\series default
	element, and type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectl
	y, or delete the hint by setting the
	\series bold
	Delete
	\series default
	field to
	\series bold
	Yes
	\series default
	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the Submit Changes button.	Click the
	\series bold
	Submit Changes
	\series default
	button.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems	Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems
Line 2258 Numerical Response problems are answered	Line 2325 Numerical Response problems are answered
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

, the system will accept	, the system will also accept
\begin_inset Formula $ x*x-11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x*x+11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

or	or
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+21-10 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+21-10 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

as well.	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same	Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same
Line 2289 Creating Numerical Response and Formula	Line 2356 Creating Numerical Response and Formula
Publishing Your Resources	Publishing Your Resources
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use,	In order to make the content you've created available for use in courses,
you must publish your content.	you must publish your content.
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,	LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,
problem resources, and sequences.	problem resources, and sequences.
Line 2327 data about data	Line 2394 data about data
For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or	For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or
subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use	subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use
that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,	that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,
which is much more difficult then just reading a title.	which is much more difficult than just reading a title.
A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is	A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is
too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.	too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a web page,	One example of metadata is the <title> of a web page, which usually shows
which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser.	up in the title bar of the browser.
That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the	That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the
web page.	web page.
People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is.	People use the title information when they bookmark a page, so they know
	what the page is.
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.	Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Line 2425 Publishing Metadata Screen	Line 2493 Publishing Metadata Screen

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The language is the language the problem is written in.	The
The Publisher/Owner is the person who owns the problem; it should be the	\series bold
email address where anybody with questions about the resource can contact	Language
someone who can help them.	\series default
In smaller environments, this is likely to be the author.	is the language the problem is written in.
In larger environments, it may be a coordinator or manager.	The
	\series bold
	Publisher/Owner
	\series default
	is the LON-CAPA user who owns the problem.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The	The
Line 2456 pulley	Line 2528 pulley
\end_inset	\end_inset

as a key word.	as a key word.
LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click	LON-CAPA pulls out words used in the text of the resource for you so you
on their check boxes to make them keywords.	can just click on their check boxes to make them keywords.

\series bold	\series bold
Additional keywords	Additional keywords
Line 2474 statics	Line 2546 statics

, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics	, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics
uses that as a classification of problem type.	uses that as a classification of problem type.

	\series bold
	Additional Keywords
	\series default
	are also useful when publishing graphics.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice.	Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution permissions in the
This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource.

	\series bold
	COPYRIGHT/DISTRIBUTION
	\series default
	drop-down.
	This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource as follows:
	\layout Comment

	Is this right?
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


Line 2544 In order to create a useful course, we n	Line 2628 In order to create a useful course, we n
so that students can use them.	so that students can use them.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Binding Together Resources In One Map: Page	Creating Sequences
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\layout Standard	\layout Standard

	A
	\series bold
	Sequence
	\series default
	is a series of resources that can be navigated using the
	\series bold
	NAV
	\series default
	remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control.

	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center
Line 2573 Map Editor Selection	Line 2669 Map Editor Selection


\end_float	\end_float
To join several resources into one web page, you need to create a	To create a Sequence resource, create a new resource as described in section
\series bold
Map
\series default
of type
\series bold
Page
\series default
.
To create Page resource, create a new resource as described in section

\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}

Line 2593 Page	Line 2680 Page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

page	sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2601 page	Line 2688 page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

.page	.sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2610 page	Line 2697 page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

.page	.sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2621 page	Line 2708 page

.	.
You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor.	You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor.

\layout Comment

The following is a commented-out section of the manual, likely to not be
useful.
\layout Comment

About The Editor
\layout Comment

\begin_float fig
\layout Caption

Example of the Map Editor
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Example Figure}

\end_inset


\end_float
Maps are very powerful and can do a lot.
They can make decisions as the user progresses, going down different paths
under different circumstances.
For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right,
and another path if they don't which will provide more help for the student.

\layout Comment

To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor
that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Example Figure}

\end_inset

.
The map editor can display the different paths in your browser, and allow
you to edit, insert, and delete resources from your map.
The editor has a
\series bold
Start
\series default
area and a
\series bold
Finish
\series default
area.
The students in the course will progress along on path or another, depending
on decisions made at each resource, as explained later.
Different paths are represented with different lines in the map editor.
In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending
on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct.
By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure.
\layout Comment

The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand
the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material
based on their performance, but the total uses of this feature are limited
only by your imagination.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating a Simple .page With The Simple Editor	Creating a Simple .sequence With The Simple Editor
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
Line 2705 Simple Map Editor	Line 2734 Simple Map Editor


\end_float	\end_float
After creating a new .page resource and getting the editor selection prompt	After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
(figure	prompt (figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2715 After creating a new .page resource and	Line 2744 After creating a new .page resource and
\series bold	\series bold
Simple Edit	Simple Edit
\series default	\series default
button to get to the simple sequence editor, which appears in figure	button to get to the simple map editor, which appears in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2749 On both sides of the screen, you can do	Line 2778 On both sides of the screen, you can do
from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import	from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import
space.	space.
Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you	Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you
can click the resource you wish to add to your map.	can click the resource you wish to add to your map in the order that you
	want them added.
After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that	After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that
allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will	allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will
be able to import the selected resources and work with them.	be able to import the selected resources and work with them.
Line 2770 Both list boxes support standard multi-s	Line 2800 Both list boxes support standard multi-s
OS.	OS.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating a Simple .page With The Advanced Editor	Creating a Simple .sequence With The Advanced Editor
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

After creating a new .page resource and getting the editor selection prompt	After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
(figure	prompt (figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2783 After creating a new .page resource and	Line 2813 After creating a new .page resource and
\series bold	\series bold
Advanced Edit	Advanced Edit
\series default	\series default
button to get to the advanced sequence editor.	button to get to the advanced map editor.

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
Line 2806 Initial Map Editor	Line 2836 Initial Map Editor


\end_float	\end_float
You should the initial map editor as seen in figure	You should see the initial map editor as shown in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
Note there are two windows.	Note there are two windows: One is the workspace, and one is a secondary
One is the workspace, and one is a secondary window which will contain	window which will contain information as you add resources.
information as you add resources.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
Line 2831 flags 9	Line 2860 flags 9

\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Clicked Start in the Map Constructor	After clicking
	\series bold
	Start
	\series default
	in the Map Constructor
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\end_float
Click the Start box.	Click the
	\series bold
	Start
	\series default
	box.
You'll see what you see in figure	You'll see what you see in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure}

Line 2846 Click the Start box.	Line 2883 Click the Start box.

.	.
Click	Click
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\series bold
\end_inset

Link Resource	Link Resource
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\series default
\end_inset	in the secondary window, then click on the
	\series bold
in the secondary window, then click on the Finish box.	Finish
	\series default
	box.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center
Line 2876 Straightened Map	Line 2913 Straightened Map

\end_float	\end_float
After that, click	After that, click
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\series bold
\end_inset	Straighten
	\series default
straighten
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.	.
You should see something like figure	You should see something like figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}
Line 2914 Inserting a Resource	Line 2947 Inserting a Resource


\end_float	\end_float
To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows.	To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows,
	seen between the
	\series bold
	Start
	\series default
	and
	\series bold
	Finish
	\series default
	boxes in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}

	\end_inset

	.
In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure	In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure}

Line 2926 To insert a resource into the flow, clic	Line 2973 To insert a resource into the flow, clic
Insert Resource Into Link	Insert Resource Into Link
\series default	\series default
.	.
A new resource will appear in the link.	A new resource box will appear in the link.
Click the resource.	Click the resource, which will have the label
	\series bold
	Res
	\series default
	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click	Click
Line 2966 Network Directory Browser	Line 3017 Network Directory Browser
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
Press the select button that is next to the resource you want to include.	Press the
	\series bold
	SELECT
	\series default
	button that is next to the resource you want to place in the chosen resource
	box.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center
Line 3008 URL	Line 3064 URL
Title	Title
\series default	\series default
into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see	into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see
above.	when you've successfully browsed to a resource.
After you click	After you click
\series bold	\series bold
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
, your changes will be saved, and the icons for the resource will appear	, your changes will be set, and the icons for the resource will appear in
in the	the
\series bold	\series bold
Res	Res
\series default	\series default
Line 3024 Res	Line 3080 Res
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
	Click
	\series bold
	Save Map
	\series default
	in the bar above your map to save the map.
\begin_deeper	\begin_deeper
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 3055 In addition to manually adding in resour	Line 3116 In addition to manually adding in resour
The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore.	The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating Sequences	Page Maps
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}	\layout Standard

	Creating a .page map is the same as creating a sequence map, except that
	when choosing the name of the resource, the URL will end with
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

	.page
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	.
	Then all resources you add in the map editor will appear on one page together.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Sequences are a series of resources that can be navigated using the	Pages are often used to connect problems in a homework set.
\series bold
NAV
\series default
remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control.
Sequence maps are created identically to page maps.
The only difference is how they are displayed.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence	Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence
Line 3103 Creating a New Course	Line 3166 Creating a New Course
\end_float	\end_float
Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course.	Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course.
This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework	This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework
assignments or weekly sequences.	assignments, chapters, or units.
To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course.	To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course.
Only Domain Administrators can make courses and set their Top-level maps,	Only Domain Coordinators can make courses and set their Top-level maps,
so coordinate with your Domain Administrator if you need to view your maps.	so work with your Domain Coordinator if you need to view your maps.
\layout Section	\layout Section

Numerical Response	Numerical Response
Line 3125 Numerical Response	Line 3188 Numerical Response
Numerical Response problems are very powerful.	Numerical Response problems are very powerful.
In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what	In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what
is possible in a document like this.	is possible in a document like this.
This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response	This chapter will focus on getting you started with Numerical Response
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite	problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite
knowledge necessary.	knowledge necessary.
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.	The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

In this chapter and the next, I will use the terms
\series bold
static
\series default
and
\series bold
dynamic
\series default
.

\series bold
Static
\series default
means the object never changes, and is the same for each student.
By contrast,
\series bold
dynamic
\series default
means the value can change, because there is some script that computes
it for each student.
\layout Standard

If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.	If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.
Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section	Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
Line 3218 Script	Line 3259 Script
The Script language is	The Script language is
\series bold	\series bold
Perl	Perl
\begin_float footnote	\series default
\layout Standard

For lots and lots more information about Perl, see the Perl website at http://ww
w.perl.org/ .
\end_float
.	.
You do not need to know Perl to use the Script block, as we will be stepping	You do not need to know Perl to use the
through some advanced examples in this chapter, but knowing Perl can help.	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	block, as we will be stepping through some advanced examples in this chapter,
	but knowing Perl can help.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Like other problem types, the	Like other problem types, the
Line 3234 Like other problem types, the	Line 3274 Like other problem types, the
Text Block	Text Block
\series default	\series default
is used to display the problem the student will see.	is used to display the problem the student will see.
In addition, you can place things in the	In addition, you can place variables in the
\series bold	\series bold
Text Block	Text Block
\series default	\series default
Line 3266 tolerance	Line 3306 tolerance


\series default	\series default
parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student	parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student's
answer to be in order to count it correct.	answer to be in order to count it correct.
For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter	For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter
to zero	to zero
Line 3311 need	Line 3351 need
\end_float	\end_float
, though you may find the default too large for some problems.	, though you may find the default too large for some problems.
There are two kinds of tolerance.	There are two kinds of tolerance.
If there is some answer	For some answer
\begin_inset Formula $ a $	\begin_inset Formula $ a $
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 3498 min,max	Line 3538 min,max
\end_inset	\end_inset

are the same.	are the same.
\begin_deeper	A significant figure specification of
\layout Comment	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

Confirm this.	3,4
\end_deeper	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	means both
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	1.30
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	and
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	1.300
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	are acceptable.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

The	The
Line 3517 Finally, the	Line 3577 Finally, the
\series bold	\series bold
Hint	Hint
\series default	\series default
provides a place to help students who get the problem incorrect the first	should contain text which will help the students when they answer incorrectly.
time.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Simple Numerical Response Answer	Simple Numerical Response Answer
Line 3560 Answer	Line 3619 Answer
\series bold	\series bold
Hint	Hint
\series default	\series default
has been set to something appropriate for this problem (unless this problem	has been set to something appropriate for this problem.
is being given to very young children).
Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.	Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 3577 View	Line 3635 View
yourself.	yourself.
Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for	Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for
conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will	conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will
accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires.	accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires when
	viewed by an
	\series bold
	Author
	\series default
	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get	As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get
Line 3628 statement	Line 3691 statement


\series default	\series default
is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer you can give.	is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer.
Most problems will be built from several statements.	Most problems will be built from several statements.

\layout Standard	\layout Standard
Line 3666 variable assignment	Line 3729 variable assignment
variable	variable
\series default	\series default
can hold any value in it.	can hold any value in it.
Simple values, such as a number or a string of text, start with a	The variable name must start with a
\series bold	\series bold
$	$
\series default	\series default
Line 3676 $	Line 3739 $
Script	Script
\series default	\series default
, you need to assign to variables before you use them.	, you need to assign to variables before you use them.
Put the program in Figure	Put this program into the
\begin_float fig
\layout LyX-Code
\align center
$variable = 3;
\layout Caption
\pextra_type 3 \pextra_widthp 40

A simple script with a variable
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{A simple script with a variable}

\end_inset


\end_float

\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{A simple script with a variable}

\end_inset

into the
\series bold	\series bold
Script	Script
\series default	\series default
field of the Numerical Response.	field of the Numerical Response:
This creates a simple variable named	\begin_deeper
	\layout LyX-Code

	$variable = 3;
	\layout Standard

	This creates a variable named
\series bold	\series bold
variable	variable
\series default	\series default
Line 3715 variable	Line 3764 variable

.	.
That's one statement.	That's one statement.
	\end_deeper
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Variable names are	Variable names are
Line 3727 case sensitive	Line 3777 case sensitive

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Getting variable names right is a skill.
Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype.
Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some
conventionally short variable names used in control flow statements, which
are not covered in this manual.
\layout Standard

There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and	There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and
how to capitalize variables	how to capitalize variables
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
Line 3746 capsOnNewWords	Line 3789 capsOnNewWords
.	.
Some people use	Some people use
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
underscore_to_seperate_words	underscore_to_separate_words
\family default	\family default
.	.
Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like	Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like
Line 3763 GOLDEN_MEAN	Line 3806 GOLDEN_MEAN
StartWithCapatalization	StartWithCapatalization
\family default	\family default
.	.
What's really importent is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess	What's really important is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess
whether the variable you're thinking of is	whether the variable you're thinking of is
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
coefFriction	coefFriction
Line 3875 stringVar	Line 3918 stringVar
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines	If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines
and save the problem.	to your
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	and submit the changes for the problem.
There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.	There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Line 3973 Answer	Line 4020 Answer
This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in	This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in
a bit.	a bit.
If you set the answer of the question to be	If you set the answer of the question to be
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\series bold
\end_inset

$variable	$variable
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\series default
\end_inset	,

(without the quotes),
\series bold	\series bold
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
Line 3992 View	Line 4035 View
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

3	3.0
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 4019 ework5.html.	Line 4062 ework5.html.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$a = 3;	$a = -3.0;
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$b = &sin($a);	$b = &sin($a);
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$c = &pow(3, &floor($a));	$c = &pow(3.0, &abs($a));
\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Some Function Calls	Some Function Calls
Line 4054 Script	Line 4097 Script
of other function calls as parameters.	of other function calls as parameters.
The	The
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
sin	&sin
\family default	\family default
function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians.	function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians.

\family typewriter	\family typewriter
pow	&pow
\family default	\family default
raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter.	raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter.

\family typewriter	\family typewriter
floor	&abs
\family default	\family default
returns the nearest integer below the parameter, which since 3 is already	returns the absolute value of the argument.
an integer is 3.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Randomization	Randomization
Line 4083 For LON-CAPA, one of the most important	Line 4125 For LON-CAPA, one of the most important
random	random
\family default	\family default
function.	function.
Random takes three parameters, a	Random takes three parameters: a
\emph on	\emph on
lower limit	lower limit
\emph default	\emph default
Line 4098 interval	Line 4140 interval
.	.
The	The
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
random	&random
\family default	\family default
function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some	function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some
integer number of	integer number of
Line 4113 interval	Line 4155 interval
might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.	might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.

\family typewriter	\family typewriter
random	&random
\family default	\family default
uses a uniform distribution.	uses a uniform distribution.
Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting	Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting
Line 4123 random	Line 4165 random
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$a = &random(1,10,1);	$a = &random(1.0,10.0,1.0);
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$b = &random(-10, -3, 1);	$b = &random(-10.0, -3.0, 1.0);
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$answer = $a+$b;	$answer = $a+$b;
Line 4279 both	Line 4321 both
\emph default	\emph default
with the expression	with the expression
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
&rand(-1,1,.2)	&random(-1.0,1.0,.2)
\family default	\family default
.	.
One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal,	One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal,
Line 4358 Format	Line 4400 Format
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

will display three significant digit in traditional notation if possible,	will display two digits after the decimal point.
and scientific notation if the number is too large or too small.
You can use any small number that you want instead of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

For More Information	For More Information
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

It's always a good idea to look at other people's LON-CAPA problems, especially	The full power of Perl is well outside the scope of this document.
those from the same discipline as your problems, and see what they are	Looking in the function list at
doing.	\newline
	http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/homework5.html
\series bold	\newline
Very often, the easiest way to create a new problem is to copy it and modify	can give you some ideas.
the copy until it does what you need.

\series default
The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this.
You may also find new ideas you can use and elaborate on in your problems.
\layout Comment

Is there UI for this? Check.
\layout Standard

The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document.
Looking in the function list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/ho
mework5.html can give you some ideas.
O'Reilly has some good Perl books.	O'Reilly has some good Perl books.
The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more then what you need to know	The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more than what you need to know
to use LON-CAPA, available at http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ .	to use LON-CAPA, available at
	\newline
	http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ .
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html	If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html
.	.
If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the	If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the
FAQ by emailing us your question so we can answer it.	FAQ by submitting a new pending question.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems,	Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems,
Line 4496 As you may know, it is extremely difficu	Line 4517 As you may know, it is extremely difficu
Sampling Specifications	Sampling Specifications
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To specify where to sample the formulas to determine whether the student's	To specify where to sample the formulas for determining whether the student's
answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the	answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the
\series bold	\series bold
Sample Points	Sample Points
Line 4508 Sample Points	Line 4529 Sample Points

field.	field.
The sampling specifications takes the following format:	The sampling specifications takes the following format:
\layout Itemize	\layout Enumerate

A comma seperated list of the variables you wish to interpret,	A comma separated list of the variables you wish to interpret,
\layout Itemize	\layout Enumerate

followed by	followed by
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
Line 4522 followed by	Line 4543 followed by
\end_inset	\end_inset

(not in quotes),	(not in quotes),
\layout Itemize	\layout Enumerate

followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons:	followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons:
\begin_deeper	\begin_deeper
Line 4533 a comma separated list of as many number	Line 4554 a comma separated list of as many number
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed	a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed
a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables,	by a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables,
followed by #, followed by an integer.	followed by a #, followed by an integer.
\end_deeper	\end_deeper
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 4575 x@2	Line 4596 x@2
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

	x@1:5#4
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5.
	\layout Itemize


	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

x@1:5#4;10	x@1:5#4;10
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

will take 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at	will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at
10.	10.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 4652 Script	Line 4684 Script
, place the following:	, place the following:
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$slope = random(-5,5,.5);	$slope = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
\layout LyX-Code	\layout LyX-Code

$yint = random(-5,5,.5);	$yint = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
\layout Itemize	\layout LyX-Code

In the	$answer =
\series bold
Text Block
\series default
, place the following:
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to?	$slope*x + ($yint)
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	;
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

In the	In the
\series bold	\series bold
Answer	Text Block
\series default	\series default
, place the following:	, place the following:
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

$slope*x + ($yint)	For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to?
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset


\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Set the Tolerance to .000001.	In the
\layout Itemize

Set the
\series bold	\series bold
Answer	Answer
\series default	\series default
to	, place the following: $answer
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\layout Itemize
\end_inset

$slope * x + $yint
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.	Set the Tolerance to .000001.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Set the	Set the
Line 4806 ANOT (ANOTATE)	Line 4826 ANOT (ANOTATE)
LOGOUT (LOGOUT)	LOGOUT (LOGOUT)
\series default	\series default
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.	will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset LatexCommand \printindex{}

\end_inset


\the_end	\the_end

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