Annotation of loncom/auth/lonacc.pm, revision 1.115

1.1       albertel    1: # The LearningOnline Network
                      2: # Cookie Based Access Handler
1.22      www         3: #
1.115   ! raeburn     4: # $Id: lonacc.pm,v 1.114 2008/03/08 02:45:14 raeburn Exp $
1.22      www         5: #
                      6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
                      7: #
                      8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
                      9: #
                     10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
                     11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
                     12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
                     13: # (at your option) any later version.
                     14: #
                     15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
                     16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
                     17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
                     18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
                     19: #
                     20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
                     21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
                     22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
                     23: #
                     24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
                     25: #
                     26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
                     27: #
1.25      harris41   28: ###
1.1       albertel   29: 
                     30: package Apache::lonacc;
                     31: 
                     32: use strict;
1.8       www        33: use Apache::Constants qw(:common :http :methods);
1.2       www        34: use Apache::File;
1.6       www        35: use Apache::lonnet;
1.25      harris41   36: use Apache::loncommon();
1.47      www        37: use Apache::lonlocal;
1.86      albertel   38: use Apache::restrictedaccess();
1.103     raeburn    39: use Apache::blockedaccess(); 
1.16      www        40: use Fcntl qw(:flock);
1.85      raeburn    41: use LONCAPA;
1.1       albertel   42: 
1.75      albertel   43: sub cleanup {
                     44:     my ($r)=@_;
                     45:     if (! $r->is_initial_req()) { return DECLINED; }
                     46:     &Apache::lonnet::save_cache();
1.96      albertel   47:     &Apache::lontexconvert::jsMath_reset();
1.75      albertel   48:     return OK;
                     49: }
                     50: 
                     51: sub goodbye {
                     52:     my ($r)=@_;
                     53:     &Apache::lonnet::goodbye();
                     54:     return DONE;
                     55: }
                     56: 
1.76      albertel   57: ###############################################
                     58: 
                     59: sub get_posted_cgi {
1.114     raeburn    60:     my ($r,$fields) = @_;
1.76      albertel   61: 
                     62:     my $buffer;
                     63:     if ($r->header_in('Content-length')) {
                     64: 	$r->read($buffer,$r->header_in('Content-length'),0);
                     65:     }
1.113     albertel   66:     my $content_type = $r->header_in('Content-type');
                     67:     if ($content_type !~ m{^multipart/form-data}) {
1.76      albertel   68: 	my @pairs=split(/&/,$buffer);
                     69: 	my $pair;
                     70: 	foreach $pair (@pairs) {
                     71: 	    my ($name,$value) = split(/=/,$pair);
                     72: 	    $value =~ tr/+/ /;
                     73: 	    $value =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C",hex($1))/eg;
                     74: 	    $name  =~ tr/+/ /;
                     75: 	    $name  =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C",hex($1))/eg;
1.114     raeburn    76:             if (ref($fields) eq 'ARRAY') {
                     77:                 next if (!grep(/^\Q$name\E$/,@{$fields}));
                     78:             }
1.77      albertel   79: 	    &Apache::loncommon::add_to_env("form.$name",$value);
1.76      albertel   80: 	}
                     81:     } else {
1.113     albertel   82: 	my ($contentsep) = ($content_type =~ /boundary=\"?([^\";,]+)\"?/);
1.76      albertel   83: 	my @lines = split (/\n/,$buffer);
                     84: 	my $name='';
                     85: 	my $value='';
                     86: 	my $fname='';
                     87: 	my $fmime='';
                     88: 	my $i;
                     89: 	for ($i=0;$i<=$#lines;$i++) {
1.113     albertel   90: 	    if ($lines[$i]=~/^--\Q$contentsep\E/) {
1.76      albertel   91: 		if ($name) {
                     92: 		    chomp($value);
                     93: 		    if ($fname) {
                     94: 			$env{"form.$name.filename"}=$fname;
                     95: 			$env{"form.$name.mimetype"}=$fmime;
                     96: 		    } else {
                     97: 			$value=~s/\s+$//s;
                     98: 		    }
1.114     raeburn    99:                     if (ref($fields) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    100:                         next if (!grep(/^\Q$name\E$/,@{$fields}));
                    101:                     }
1.77      albertel  102: 		    &Apache::loncommon::add_to_env("form.$name",$value);
1.76      albertel  103: 		}
                    104: 		if ($i<$#lines) {
                    105: 		    $i++;
                    106: 		    $lines[$i]=~
                    107: 		/Content\-Disposition\:\s*form\-data\;\s*name\=\"([^\"]+)\"/i;
                    108: 		    $name=$1;
                    109: 		    $value='';
                    110: 		    if ($lines[$i]=~/filename\=\"([^\"]+)\"/i) {
                    111: 			$fname=$1;
                    112: 			if 
                    113:                             ($lines[$i+1]=~/Content\-Type\:\s*([\w\-\/]+)/i) {
                    114: 				$fmime=$1;
                    115: 				$i++;
                    116: 			    } else {
                    117: 				$fmime='';
                    118: 			    }
                    119: 		    } else {
                    120: 			$fname='';
                    121: 			$fmime='';
                    122: 		    }
                    123: 		    $i++;
                    124: 		}
                    125: 	    } else {
                    126: 		$value.=$lines[$i]."\n";
                    127: 	    }
                    128: 	}
                    129:     }
                    130: #
                    131: # Digested POSTed values
                    132: #
                    133: # Remember the way this was originally done (GET or POST)
                    134: #
                    135:     $env{'request.method'}=$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'};
                    136: #
                    137: # There may also be stuff in the query string
                    138: # Tell subsequent handlers that this was GET, not POST, so they can access query string.
                    139: # Also, unset POSTed content length to cover all tracks.
                    140: #
                    141: 
                    142:     $r->method_number(M_GET);
                    143: 
                    144:     $r->method('GET');
                    145:     $r->headers_in->unset('Content-length');
                    146: }
                    147: 
1.94      albertel  148: # handle the case of the single sign on user, at this point $r->user 
                    149: # will be set and valid now need to find the loncapa user info and possibly
                    150: # balance them
                    151: # returns OK if it was a SSO and user was handled
                    152: #         undef if not SSO or no means to hanle the user
                    153: sub sso_login {
1.111     albertel  154:     my ($r,$handle) = @_;
1.94      albertel  155: 
                    156:     my $lonidsdir=$r->dir_config('lonIDsDir');
                    157:     if (!($r->user 
                    158: 	  && (!defined($env{'user.name'}) && !defined($env{'user.domain'}))
1.111     albertel  159: 	  && ($handle eq ''))) {
1.94      albertel  160: 	# not an SSO case or already logged in
                    161: 	return undef;
                    162:     }
                    163: 
1.97      albertel  164:     my ($user) = ($r->user =~ m/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-@.]*)/);
                    165: 
1.94      albertel  166:     my $domain = $r->dir_config('lonDefDomain');
1.97      albertel  167:     my $home=&Apache::lonnet::homeserver($user,$domain);
1.94      albertel  168:     if ($home !~ /(con_lost|no_host|no_such_host)/) {
1.107     albertel  169: 	&Apache::lonnet::logthis(" SSO authorized user $user ");
1.94      albertel  170: 	if ($r->dir_config("lonBalancer") eq 'yes') {
                    171: 	    # login but immeaditly go to switch server to find us a new 
                    172: 	    # machine
1.97      albertel  173: 	    &Apache::lonauth::success($r,$user,$domain,$home,'noredirect');
1.105     raeburn   174:             $env{'request.sso.login'} = 1;
1.106     raeburn   175:             if (defined($r->dir_config("lonSSOReloginServer"))) {
                    176:                 $env{'request.sso.reloginserver'} =
                    177:                     $r->dir_config('lonSSOReloginServer');
                    178:             }
1.94      albertel  179: 	    $r->internal_redirect('/adm/switchserver');
1.101     albertel  180: 	    $r->set_handlers('PerlHandler'=> undef);
1.94      albertel  181: 	} else {
                    182: 	    # need to login them in, so generate the need data that
                    183: 	    # migrate expects to do login
                    184: 	    my %info=('ip'        => $r->connection->remote_ip(),
                    185: 		      'domain'    => $domain,
1.97      albertel  186: 		      'username'  => $user,
1.94      albertel  187: 		      'server'    => $r->dir_config('lonHostID'),
                    188: 		      'sso.login' => 1
                    189: 		      );
1.106     raeburn   190:             if (defined($r->dir_config("lonSSOReloginServer"))) {
                    191:                 $info{'sso.reloginserver'} = 
                    192:                     $r->dir_config('lonSSOReloginServer'); 
                    193:             }
1.94      albertel  194: 	    my $token = 
                    195: 		&Apache::lonnet::tmpput(\%info,
                    196: 					$r->dir_config('lonHostID'));
                    197: 	    $env{'form.token'} = $token;
                    198: 	    $r->internal_redirect('/adm/migrateuser');
1.101     albertel  199: 	    $r->set_handlers('PerlHandler'=> undef);
1.94      albertel  200: 	}
                    201: 	return OK;
1.98      albertel  202:     } elsif (defined($r->dir_config('lonSSOUserUnknownRedirect'))) {
1.107     albertel  203: 	&Apache::lonnet::logthis(" SSO authorized unknown user $user ");
1.104     raeburn   204:         $r->subprocess_env->set('SSOUserUnknown' => $user);
                    205:         $r->subprocess_env->set('SSOUserDomain' => $domain);
1.115   ! raeburn   206:         my @cancreate;
        !           207:         my %domconfig =
        !           208:             &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['usercreation'],$domain);
        !           209:         if (ref($domconfig{'usercreation'}) eq 'HASH') {
        !           210:             if (ref($domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}) eq 'HASH') {
        !           211:                 if (ref($domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}{'selfcreate'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
        !           212:                     @cancreate = @{$domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}{'selfcreate'}};
        !           213:                 } elsif (($domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}{'selfcreate'} ne 'none') && 
        !           214:                          ($domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}{'selfcreate'} ne '')) {
        !           215:                     @cancreate = ($domconfig{'usercreation'}{'cancreate'}{'selfcreate'});
        !           216:                 }
        !           217:             }
        !           218:         }
        !           219:         if (grep(/^sso$/,@cancreate)) {
        !           220:             $r->internal_redirect('/adm/createaccount');
        !           221:         } else {
        !           222: 	    $r->internal_redirect($r->dir_config('lonSSOUserUnknownRedirect'));
        !           223:         }
1.101     albertel  224: 	$r->set_handlers('PerlHandler'=> undef);
1.94      albertel  225: 	return OK;
                    226:     }
                    227:     return undef;
                    228: }
                    229: 
1.1       albertel  230: sub handler {
                    231:     my $r = shift;
                    232:     my $requrl=$r->uri;
1.108     raeburn   233:     if (&Apache::lonnet::is_domainimage($requrl)) {
                    234:         return OK;
                    235:     }
1.70      albertel  236: 
1.111     albertel  237:     
                    238:     my $handle = &Apache::lonnet::check_for_valid_session($r);
1.93      albertel  239: 
1.111     albertel  240:     my $result = &sso_login($r,$handle);
1.100     albertel  241:     if (defined($result)) {
1.94      albertel  242: 	return $result
1.70      albertel  243:     }
                    244: 
1.94      albertel  245: 
1.70      albertel  246:     if ($r->dir_config("lonBalancer") eq 'yes') {
                    247: 	$r->set_handlers('PerlResponseHandler'=>
                    248: 			 [\&Apache::switchserver::handler]);
                    249:     }
1.92      albertel  250:     
                    251:     if ($handle eq '') {
                    252: 	$r->log_reason("Cookie $handle not valid", $r->filename); 
1.111     albertel  253:     } elsif ($handle ne '') {
1.6       www       254: 
1.46      www       255: # ------------------------------------------------------ Initialize Environment
1.111     albertel  256: 	my $lonidsdir=$r->dir_config('lonIDsDir');
1.92      albertel  257: 	&Apache::lonnet::transfer_profile_to_env($lonidsdir,$handle);
1.47      www       258: 
                    259: # --------------------------------------------------------- Initialize Language
                    260: 
1.92      albertel  261: 	&Apache::lonlocal::get_language_handle($r);
                    262: 
                    263:     }
1.46      www       264: 
1.92      albertel  265: # -------------------------------------------------- Should be a valid user now
                    266:     if ($env{'user.name'} ne '' && $env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
1.46      www       267: # -------------------------------------------------------------- Resource State
1.6       www       268: 
1.92      albertel  269: 	if ($requrl=~/^\/+(res|uploaded)\//) {
                    270: 	    $env{'request.state'} = "published";
                    271: 	} else {
                    272: 	    $env{'request.state'} = 'unknown';
                    273: 	}
                    274: 	$env{'request.filename'} = $r->filename;
                    275: 	$env{'request.noversionuri'} = &Apache::lonnet::deversion($requrl);
1.6       www       276: # -------------------------------------------------------- Load POST parameters
                    277: 
1.92      albertel  278: 	&Apache::lonacc::get_posted_cgi($r);
1.6       www       279: 
                    280: # ---------------------------------------------------------------- Check access
1.92      albertel  281: 	my $now = time;
1.95      albertel  282: 	if ($requrl !~ m{^/(?:adm|public|prtspool)/}
                    283: 	    || $requrl =~ /^\/adm\/.*\/(smppg|bulletinboard)(\?|$ )/x) {
1.92      albertel  284: 	    my $access=&Apache::lonnet::allowed('bre',$requrl);
                    285: 	    if ($access eq '1') {
                    286: 		$env{'user.error.msg'}="$requrl:bre:0:0:Choose Course";
                    287: 		return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE; 
                    288: 	    }
                    289: 	    if ($access eq 'A') {
                    290: 		&Apache::restrictedaccess::setup_handler($r);
                    291: 		return OK;
                    292: 	    }
1.103     raeburn   293:             if ($access eq 'B') {
                    294:                 &Apache::blockedaccess::setup_handler($r);
                    295:                 return OK;
                    296:             }
1.92      albertel  297: 	    if (($access ne '2') && ($access ne 'F')) {
                    298: 		$env{'user.error.msg'}="$requrl:bre:1:1:Access Denied";
                    299: 		return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE; 
1.37      albertel  300: 	    }
1.92      albertel  301: 	}
                    302: 	if ($requrl =~ m|^/prtspool/|) {
                    303: 	    my $start='/prtspool/'.$env{'user.name'}.'_'.
                    304: 		$env{'user.domain'};
                    305: 	    if ($requrl !~ /^\Q$start\E/) {
                    306: 		$env{'user.error.msg'}="$requrl:bre:1:1:Access Denied";
                    307: 		return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE;
1.67      albertel  308: 	    }
1.92      albertel  309: 	}
1.109     banghart  310: 	if ($requrl =~ m|^/zipspool/|) {
1.110     banghart  311: 	    my $start='/zipspool/zipout/'.$env{'user.name'}.":".
1.109     banghart  312: 		$env{'user.domain'};
                    313: 	    if ($requrl !~ /^\Q$start\E/) {
                    314: 		$env{'user.error.msg'}="$requrl:bre:1:1:Access Denied";
                    315: 		return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE;
                    316: 	    }
                    317: 	}
1.92      albertel  318: 	if ($env{'user.name'} eq 'public' && 
                    319: 	    $env{'user.domain'} eq 'public' &&
                    320: 	    $requrl !~ m{^/+(res|public|uploaded)/} &&
                    321: 	    $requrl !~ m{^/adm/[^/]+/[^/]+/aboutme/portfolio$ }x &&
                    322: 	    $requrl !~ m{^/+adm/(help|logout|restrictedaccess|randomlabel\.png)}) {
                    323: 	    $env{'request.querystring'}=$r->args;
                    324: 	    $env{'request.firsturl'}=$requrl;
                    325: 	    return FORBIDDEN;
                    326: 	}
1.23      www       327: # ------------------------------------------------------------- This is allowed
1.92      albertel  328: 	if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
1.24      www       329: 	    &Apache::lonnet::countacc($requrl);
1.92      albertel  330: 	    $requrl=~/\.(\w+)$/;
                    331: 	    if ((&Apache::loncommon::fileembstyle($1) eq 'ssi') ||
                    332: 		($requrl=~/^\/adm\/.*\/(aboutme|navmaps|smppg|bulletinboard)(\?|$ )/x) ||
                    333: 		($requrl=~/^\/adm\/wrapper\//) ||
                    334: 		($requrl=~m|^/adm/coursedocs/showdoc/|) ||
                    335: 		($requrl=~m|\.problem/smpedit$|) ||
                    336: 		($requrl=~/^\/public\/.*\/syllabus$/)) {
1.23      www       337: # ------------------------------------- This is serious stuff, get symb and log
1.29      www       338: 		my $query=$r->args;
1.92      albertel  339: 		my $symb;
                    340: 		if ($query) {
1.29      www       341: 		    &Apache::loncommon::get_unprocessed_cgi($query,['symb']);
1.92      albertel  342: 		}
                    343: 		if ($env{'form.symb'}) {
1.64      albertel  344: 		    $symb=&Apache::lonnet::symbclean($env{'form.symb'});
1.92      albertel  345: 		    if ($requrl =~ m|^/adm/wrapper/|
1.72      albertel  346: 			|| $requrl =~ m|^/adm/coursedocs/showdoc/|) {
1.92      albertel  347: 			my ($map,$mid,$murl)=&Apache::lonnet::decode_symb($symb);
                    348: 			&Apache::lonnet::symblist($map,$murl => [$murl,$mid],
1.63      albertel  349: 						  'last_known' =>[$murl,$mid]);
1.92      albertel  350: 		    } elsif ((&Apache::lonnet::symbverify($symb,$requrl)) ||
1.53      albertel  351: 			     (($requrl=~m|(.*)/smpedit$|) &&
                    352: 			      &Apache::lonnet::symbverify($symb,$1))) {
1.92      albertel  353: 			my ($map,$mid,$murl)=&Apache::lonnet::decode_symb($symb);
                    354: 			&Apache::lonnet::symblist($map,$murl => [$murl,$mid],
                    355: 						  'last_known' =>[$murl,$mid]);
1.31      www       356: 		    } else {
                    357: 			$r->log_reason('Invalid symb for '.$requrl.': '.
1.92      albertel  358: 				       $symb);
                    359: 			$env{'user.error.msg'}=
                    360: 			    "$requrl:bre:1:1:Invalid Access";
                    361: 			return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE; 
                    362: 		    }
                    363: 		} else {
                    364: 		    $symb=&Apache::lonnet::symbread($requrl);
1.58      albertel  365: 		    if (&Apache::lonnet::is_on_map($requrl) && $symb &&
1.56      albertel  366: 			!&Apache::lonnet::symbverify($symb,$requrl)) {
1.58      albertel  367: 			$r->log_reason('Invalid symb for '.$requrl.': '.$symb);
1.92      albertel  368: 			$env{'user.error.msg'}=
                    369: 			    "$requrl:bre:1:1:Invalid Access";
                    370: 			return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE; 
1.55      albertel  371: 		    }
1.61      albertel  372: 		    if ($symb) {
1.65      albertel  373: 			my ($map,$mid,$murl)=
                    374: 			    &Apache::lonnet::decode_symb($symb);
1.63      albertel  375: 			&Apache::lonnet::symblist($map,$murl =>[$murl,$mid],
1.92      albertel  376: 						  'last_known' =>[$murl,$mid]);
1.61      albertel  377: 		    }
1.92      albertel  378: 		}
                    379: 		$env{'request.symb'}=$symb;
                    380: 		&Apache::lonnet::courseacclog($symb);
                    381: 	    } else {
1.23      www       382: # ------------------------------------------------------- This is other content
1.92      albertel  383: 		&Apache::lonnet::courseacclog($requrl);    
                    384: 	    }
1.88      albertel  385: 	}
1.92      albertel  386: 	return OK;
                    387:     }
1.21      www       388: # -------------------------------------------- See if this is a public resource
1.68      albertel  389:     if ($requrl=~m|^/+adm/+help/+|) {
1.89      albertel  390:  	return OK;
1.68      albertel  391:     }
1.90      albertel  392: # ------------------------------------ See if this is a viewable portfolio file
1.89      albertel  393:     if (&Apache::lonnet::is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
1.90      albertel  394: 	my $access=&Apache::lonnet::allowed('bre',$requrl);
                    395: 	if ($access eq 'A') {
                    396: 	    &Apache::restrictedaccess::setup_handler($r);
                    397: 	    return OK;
                    398: 	}
                    399: 	if (($access ne '2') && ($access ne 'F')) {
                    400: 	    $env{'user.error.msg'}="$requrl:bre:1:1:Access Denied";
                    401: 	    return HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE;
                    402: 	}
1.79      raeburn   403:     }
1.87      albertel  404: 
1.34      www       405: # -------------------------------------------------------------- Not authorized
                    406:     $requrl=~/\.(\w+)$/;
1.62      albertel  407: #    if ((&Apache::loncommon::fileembstyle($1) eq 'ssi') ||
                    408: #        ($requrl=~/^\/adm\/(roles|logout|email|menu|remote)/) ||
                    409: #        ($requrl=~m|^/prtspool/|)) {
1.34      www       410: # -------------------------- Store where they wanted to go and get login screen
1.64      albertel  411: 	$env{'request.querystring'}=$r->args;
                    412: 	$env{'request.firsturl'}=$requrl;
1.34      www       413:        return FORBIDDEN;
1.62      albertel  414: #   } else {
1.34      www       415: # --------------------------------------------------------------------- Goodbye
1.62      albertel  416: #       return HTTP_BAD_REQUEST;
                    417: #   }
1.1       albertel  418: }
                    419: 
                    420: 1;
                    421: __END__
1.25      harris41  422: 
                    423: =head1 NAME
                    424: 
                    425: Apache::lonacc - Cookie Based Access Handler
                    426: 
                    427: =head1 SYNOPSIS
                    428: 
                    429: Invoked (for various locations) by /etc/httpd/conf/srm.conf:
                    430: 
                    431:  PerlAccessHandler       Apache::lonacc
                    432: 
                    433: =head1 INTRODUCTION
                    434: 
                    435: This module enables cookie based authentication and is used
                    436: to control access for many different LON-CAPA URIs.
                    437: 
                    438: Whenever the client sends the cookie back to the server, 
                    439: this cookie is handled by either lonacc.pm or loncacc.pm
                    440: (see srm.conf for what is invoked when).  If
                    441: the cookie is missing or invalid, the user is re-challenged
                    442: for login information.
                    443: 
                    444: This is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA project
                    445: described at http://www.lon-capa.org.
                    446: 
                    447: =head1 HANDLER SUBROUTINE
                    448: 
                    449: This routine is called by Apache and mod_perl.
                    450: 
                    451: =over 4
                    452: 
                    453: =item *
                    454: 
                    455: transfer profile into environment
                    456: 
                    457: =item *
                    458: 
                    459: load POST parameters
                    460: 
                    461: =item *
                    462: 
                    463: check access
                    464: 
                    465: =item *
                    466: 
                    467: if allowed, get symb, log, generate course statistics if applicable
                    468: 
                    469: =item *
                    470: 
                    471: otherwise return error
                    472: 
                    473: =item *
                    474: 
                    475: see if public resource
                    476: 
                    477: =item *
                    478: 
                    479: store attempted access
                    480: 
                    481: =back
                    482: 
                    483: =cut

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