loncom/cgi/mimeTeX/mimetex.html - view

File: [LON-CAPA] / loncom / cgi / mimeTeX / mimetex.html
Revision 1.4: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Thu Dec 4 12:17:13 2008 UTC (15 years, 5 months ago) by riegler
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: version_2_9_X, version_2_9_99_0, version_2_9_1, version_2_9_0, version_2_8_X, version_2_8_99_1, version_2_8_99_0, version_2_8_2, version_2_8_1, version_2_8_0, version_2_7_99_1, version_2_7_99_0, version_2_10_X, version_2_10_1, version_2_10_0_RC2, version_2_10_0_RC1, version_2_10_0, loncapaMITrelate_1, language_hyphenation_merge, language_hyphenation, bz6209-base, bz6209, bz5969, bz2851, PRINT_INCOMPLETE_base, PRINT_INCOMPLETE, HEAD, GCI_3, GCI_2, GCI_1, BZ5971-printing-apage, BZ5434-fox, BZ4492-merge, BZ4492-feature_horizontal_radioresponse, BZ4492-feature_Support_horizontal_radioresponse, BZ4492-Support_horizontal_radioresponse

upgrade to mimetex version 1.7
This version will be needed in order to align formulas neatly.
noticable change is the % in the path specified in "commands".

1:  23: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 24: "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 25:  26: 27:  30: <html> 31: <head> 32: <title> mimeTeX user's manual </title> 33: <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 34: <style type="text/css"> 35: body { background-image: none; /* none; or url(); */ 36: /*background-repeat: repeat-y;*/ 37: /*background-attachment: fixed;*/ /* fixed; or scroll; */ 38: background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; 39: margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.1em; 40: font-size: large; /* or medium */ 41: clear: both } 42: A:active { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none } 43: A:link { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none } 44: A:visited { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none } 45: A:hover { color: red/*#FF0000*/; text-decoration: underline 46: /*font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;*/ 47: /*font-size: normal; line-height: normal*/ } 48: h1 { color: maroon; text-decoration: underline; 49: font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */ 50: font-size: xx-large; 51: padding-top: 2.0em; 52: letter-spacing: 0.25em } 53: h2 { color: maroon; text-decoration: underline; 54: font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */ 55: font-size: x-large; 56: padding-top: 1.0em; 57: letter-spacing: 0.20em } 58: h3 { color: maroon; /*black; text-decoration: underline;*/ 59: font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */ 60: font-size: large; 61: margin-left: 1em; 62: padding-top: 0.5em; 63: letter-spacing: 0.15em } 64: center { padding-top: -0.1em; padding-bottom: -0.1em; } 65: table { font-size: large } 66: table.medium { font-size: medium } 67: dl { font-size: large; 68: margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em } 69: ol { margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em } 70: ul { margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em; 71: list-style-type: square } 72: ul ul { margin-left: -0.5em; margin-right: 3.5em; 73: list-style-type: disc } 74: pre { margin-left: 3.0em; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold } 75: pre.nobold { margin-left:3.0em; font-size:medium; font-weight:normal } 76: p { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em } 77: p:first-letter 78: { font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; 79: color: maroon } 80: p.continue { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em; 81: padding-top: -0.1em } 82: p.continue:first-letter 83: { font-size: large; font-weight: normal; 84: color: black } 85: p.warning { color: red } /* defines p class=warning */ 86: </style> 87: <script type="text/javascript"> 88:  103: </script> 104: 105:  108: <script type="text/javascript" 109: src="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js"></script> 110: </head> 111: <body> 112: 113:  116: 117: <hr size=4> 118: <center> 119: <table cellspacing=10> 120: <tr> 121: <td align="center"> 122: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr1" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr1')" 123: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+\frac{a_2} 124: {b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 125: <td align="center" valign="middle"> 126: <center> 127: m i m e T e X   m a n u a l 128: ( for mimeTeX version 1.70 ) 129: Click for:  130:  132: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top"> 133: LaTeX tutorial</a> 134: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html" target="_top"> 135: mimeTeX QuickStart</a> 136: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip"> 137:  138: download mimeTeX</a> 139: </center> </td> 140: <td align="center"> 141: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr2" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr2')" 142: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk} 143: \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]" 144: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 145: <a href="#examples">more_examples...</a> </td> 146: </tr> 147: </table> 148: </center> 149: <hr size=4> 150: <center> 151: Copyright © 2002-2008, 152: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a> 153: email: <a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a> 154: 155: <a href="#preview"><img id="timestamp1" onclick="eqntext('timestamp1')" 156: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\begin{matrix} 157: \large\today\\\normalsize\today[3]\end{matrix}" 158: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 159: 160: 161:  164: <center> 165:         C o n t e n t s         166: 167: <table cellspacing=0 class="medium"> 168: <tr> 169: <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> 170: - - - T u t o r i a l - - - </td> 171: <td valign="top" align="center" colspan=3 width=450> 172: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R e f e r e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 173: </td> 174: </tr> 175: <tr> 176: <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> 177: <a href="#introduction">  (I) Introduction  </a> 178: <a href="#quickstart"> a. Quick Start </a> 179: <a href="#examples"> b. Examples </a> 180: <a href="#gpl"> c. GPL License </a> </td> 181: <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> 182: <a href="#build">  (II) Building mimeTeX  </a> 183: <a href="#compile"> a. Compile </a> 184: <a href="#install"> b. Install </a> 185: <a href="#options"> c. Compile Options </a> 186: <a href="#cmdline"> d. Command Line </a> </td> 187: <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> 188: <a href="#reference">  (III) Syntax Reference  </a> 189: <a href="#spaces"> a. Math & White Space </a> 190: <a href="#symbols"> b. Symbols, Sizes, Modes </a> 191: <a href="#delimiters"> c. Delimiters </a> 192: <a href="#accents"> d. Accents, Arrows, etc. </a> 193: <a href="#array"> e. \begin{array} </a> 194: <a href="#picture"> f. \picture( ){ } </a> 195: <a href="#commands"> g. Other Commands </a> 196: <a href="#exceptions"> h. Other Exceptions </a> </td> 197: <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> 198: <a href="#appendices">    (IV) Appendices    </a> 199: <a href="#fonts"> a. Fonts </a> 200: <a href="#makeraster"> b. make_raster() </a> 201: <a href="#gifsave"> c. gifsave.c </a> 202: <a href="#remarks">   Remarks   </a> </td> 203: </tr> 204: </table> 205: 206:  209: 210: <table border="0"> 211: <tr>  212: <td align="left"> 213:  217: - - - - - - I n s t a l l a t i o n   218: a n d   U s a g e   S u m m a r y - - - - - - 219: </td> </tr> 220: <tr> 221: <td valign="top">  222: <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"> 223: <tr><td align="right" valign="top">       224: <a href="#build">Installation</a>:     </td> 225: <td> Download <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip"> 226: mimetex.zip</a> and then type 227:     unzip mimetex.zip 228:     cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi 229: Now just mv mimetex.cgi to your cgi-bin/ 230: directory, set permissions as necessary, and you're all done. 231: </td></tr> 232: <tr><td colspan="2">   </td></tr> 233: <tr><td align="right" valign="top"> 234: <a href="#introduction">Usage</a>:     </td> 235: <td> To see the image     236: <a href="#preview"><img id="summary1" onclick="eqntext('summary1')" 237: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}" 238: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 239: just write the tag 240:     <img src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 241:     x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"> 242: </td></tr> 243: </table> 244: </td> 245: </tr> 246: </table> 247: </center> 248: 249: 250:  253: <h1> <a name="introduction">(I) Introduction</a>   </h1> 254: 255: MimeTeX, licensed under the 256: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">gpl</a>, 257: lets you easily embed LaTeX math in your html pages. 258: It parses a LaTeX math expression and immediately emits the 259: corresponding gif image, rather than the usual TeX dvi. 260: And mimeTeX is an entirely separate little program that doesn't use 261: TeX or its fonts in any way. It's just one cgi that you put in your 262: site's cgi-bin/ directory, with no other dependencies. So mimeTeX 263: is very easy to <a href="#quickbuild">install</a>. And it's equally 264: easy to use. Just place an html <img> tag in your document 265: wherever you want to see the corresponding LaTeX expression. 266: For example, 267: <pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 268: alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> immediately 269: generates the corresponding gif image on-the-fly, displaying 270: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI1" onclick="eqntext('imageI1')" 271: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize 272: f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 273: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a> 274: wherever you put that <img&gt tag. 275: MimeTeX doesn't need intermediate dvi-to-gif conversion, and it doesn't 276: create separate gif files for each converted expression. 277: (But you can enable image caching with mimeTeX's 278:   -DCACHEPATH=\"path/\"   279: <a href="#options">compile option</a>.) 280: 281: <h3> <a name="plugins"> 282: mimeTeX plugins...</a> </h3> 283: There's no inherent need to repeatedly write the cumbersome 284: <img> tag illustrated above. You can write your own <a href= 285: "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/JSPIntro9.html#wp73314" 286: target="_top">custom tags</a>, 287: or write a wrapper script around mimeTeX to simplify the 288: notation. 289: 290: For example, 291: the following javascript snippet (based on 292: <a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a>'s 293: <a href="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js" 294: target="_top">mathtran_img.js</a>) lets you just write   295: <img alt="mimetex:c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}">   296: wherever you want to see <a href="#preview"><img id="imageJS1" 297: onclick="eqntext('imageJS1')" src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 298: \normalsize c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}" alt="" border=0 299: style="Vertical-Align:-1px"></a>  300: <pre class="medium" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0" 301: > <script type="text/javascript"> 302:  339: </script></pre> 340: 341: 342: Bulletin boards, wikis, etc, can also incorporate mimeTeX images 343: with short scripts. For example, if you're using 344: <a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB2</a>, then 345: <a href="http://www.themathforum.com/" target="_top">Jameson</a> 346: contributed the following typical one-line mod that lets you write 347: [tex] c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2} [/tex] to obtain the 348: same <a href="#preview"><img id="imageJS2" 349: onclick="eqntext('imageJS2')" src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 350: \normalsize c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}" alt="" border=0 351: style="Vertical-Align:-1px"></a> image illustrated above  352: <pre class="medium" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0" 353: > #--------[open]----------------------------------------------------- 354: /includes/bbcode.php 355: #--------[find]----------------------------------------------------- 356: // Remove our padding from the string.. 357: #--------[before, add]---------------------------------------------- 358: $text = preg_replace('/\[tex\](.*?)\[\/tex\]/ie', 359: "'<img src=\"/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?'.rawurlencode('$1').'\" align=\"middle\" />'", 360: $text);</pre> 361: If you're using 362: <a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB3</a>, 363: then no mod is even needed. 364: Just click Postings from the Administrator Control Panel, 365: and add the custom BBCode [tex]{TEXT}[/tex]   366: with the HTML replacement 367: <img src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?{TEXT}" align=middle> 368: 369: Similarly, <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/PmWiki" 370: target="_top">PmWiki</a> also has a 371: <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX" target="_top"> 372: mimeTeX plugin</a> that lets you just write 373: {$ f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt $} 374: to obtain that same image.   Several other packages 375: also have similar mimeTeX plugins: 376: <center><table> 377: <tr> <td align=center>  Package  </td> 378: <td>   </td> 379: <td align=center>   Plugin   </td> 380: </tr> 381: <tr> <td align=center> 382: <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/PmWiki" target="_top"> 383: PmWiki</a> </td> <td>   </td> 384: <td align=center> 385: <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX" 386: target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr> 387: <tr> <td align=center> 388:  389: <a href="http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Main_Page" 390: target="_top">Wikimedia</a> </td> 391: <td align=center>   </td> 392: <td align=center> 393:  394: <a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Mimetex_alternative" 395: target="_top">"mimeTeX alternative"</a> </td> </tr> 396:  404: <tr> <td align=center> 405: <a href="http://forums.punbb.org/" target="_top">PunBB</a> </td> 406: <td>   </td> <td align=center> 407: <a href="http://www.math-linux.com/spip.php?article44" 408: target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr> 409: <tr> <td align=center> 410:  411: <a href="http://www.movabletype.com/" 412: target="_top">Movable Type</a> </td> <td>   </td> 413: <td align=center> <a href= 414: "http://www.unitorganizer.com/myblog/2006/08/creating_equations_in_movable.html" 415: target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr> 416: <tr> <td align=center> 417: <a href="http://wordpress.org/" target="_top">WordPress</a> </td> 418: <td>   </td> <td align=center> <a href= 419: "http://www.anlak.com/?page_id=66" target="_top"> 420:  421: mimeTeX plugin</a>  </td> </tr> 422:  423:  429:  434: </table></center> 435: 436: Please note: If you're writing your own plugin for mimeTeX, 437: please don't write php code using system( ), or any other 438: shell escape mechanism, just to cache images. Use mimeTeX's 439:   -DCACHEPATH=\"path/\"   440: <a href="#options">compile option</a> instead. 441: system( ) raises security 442: issues, either real ones if used carelessly, or just in the minds of 443: system administrators. Either way, I've received many emails from 444: people unable to use mimeTeX because of unnecessary system( ) 445: calls prohibited by security-conscious sysadmins. MimeTeX itself poses 446: minimal risk when used as illustrated above, but you're responsible 447: for any plugin/wrapper script you write around it. 448: 449: <h3> <a name="valignment"> 450: Vertical alignment...</a> </h3> 451: An image like 452: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV1" onclick="eqntext('imageAV1')" 453: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 454: \normalsize f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 455: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 456: doesn't look as good as the same image 457: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV2" onclick="eqntext('imageAV2')" 458: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 459: \normalsize f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 460: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a> 461: that's vertically aligned with your surrounding text. 462: Along with several standard 463: <a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html"> 464: HTTP header fields</a>, mimeTeX also emits a special 465:   Vertical-Align: nn   466: header, where nn is the number of pixels 467: (usually negative as illustrated) needed for a 468:   style="Vertical-Align: nn px" 469:   attribute in the <img> tag used to 470: render your expression. 471: 472: But mimeTeX's special Vertical-Align: header 473: is unrecognized and ignored by your browser. You have to get the 474: header, interpret it, and write the corresponding <img> tag. 475: The only feasible way to do all this is using a scripting language, 476: as illustrated by the following, rather naive, php code 477: <pre class="medium" style="margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em" 478: > <?php 479: $mimetexurl = "http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?"; 480: function verticalalign( $expression ) { 481: global $mimetexurl; 482: // note: curl_init() stops at the first whitespace char in $url argument 483: $expression = ereg_replace(" ","~",$expression); // so remove whitespace 484: $url = $mimetexurl . $expression; 485: $valign = "0"; 486: $ch = curl_init( $url ); 487: curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true ); 488: curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true ); 489: $gif = curl_exec( $ch ); 490: $errno = curl_errno( $ch ); 491: curl_close( $ch ); 492: if ( $errno == 0 ) { 493: $fields = explode("Vertical-Align:",$gif); 494: $vfield = trim($fields[1]); 495: $fldlen = strspn($vfield,"+-0123456789"); 496: $valign = substr($vfield,0,$fldlen); } 497: return $valign; 498: } 499: function mimetextag( $expression ) { 500: global $mimetexurl; 501: $valign = verticalalign($expression); 502: $url = $mimetexurl . $expression; 503: echo ' <img src="',$url,'" '; 504: echo ' style="Vertical-Align:',$valign,'px" '; 505: echo ' alt="" border=0>', "\n"; 506: } 507: ?></pre> 508: 509: Now you can write   510: <?php mimetextag('\frac12\left(a^2+b^2\right)'); ?> 511: wherever you want to see 512: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV5" onclick="eqntext('imageAV5')" 513: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 514: \normalsize\frac12\left(a^2+b^2\right)" 515: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a> 516: correctly aligned.  518: This code calls mimeTeX twice to render each expression, 519: once to get the Vertical-Align: header and build an 520: <img> tag, and then again to render that tag. 521: If you're a good php programmer and write better code, 522: please email me a copy. 523: 524: If you're using mimeTeX's 525:   -DCACHEPATH=\"path/\"   526: <a href="#options">compile option</a>, prefix your 527: path/ with a leading % and write   528: -DCACHEPATH=\"%path/\"   instead. 529: That leading % won't become part of your cache 530: directory's path/, but it will signal mimeTeX 531: to cache headers along with each image. 532: Otherwise, the Vertical-Align: information is lost, 533: and attempts to align cached images will fail. 534: 535: <h3> <a name="alternatives"> 536: Alternative solutions...</a> </h3> 537: MimeTeX's benefit over similar math-on-the-web solutions is, as 538: mentioned above, its easy installation. But if that's not a 539: problem for you, and if your site's server already has a LaTeX 540: distribution installed, and suitable image conversion utilities like 541: <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org" target="_top">ImageMagick</a>, 542: then you may prefer to look at a math rendering script like 543: <a href="http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/tex.htm#latexrender" 544: target="_top">latexrender</a> 545: which uses LaTeX to create higher quality images than mimeTeX 546: produces. For comparison, 547: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI2" onclick="eqntext('imageI2')" 548: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize 549: f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 550: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>, 551: with arbitrary mean 552: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI3" onclick="eqntext('imageI3')" 553: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\mu" alt="" border=0 554: style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a> and standard deviation 555: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI4" onclick="eqntext('imageI4')" 556: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sigma" alt="" border=0 557: style="Vertical-Align:0px"></a>, 558: and at mimeTeX's next larger font size, looks like 559: <center> 560: <table> 561: <tr align="center"> 562: <td> latexrender </td> 563: <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}" 564: alt="" border=0> </td> 565: <td> mimeTeX </td> 566: </tr> 567: <tr align="center"> 568: <td> <img src="http://www.forkosh.com/lrender.gif" 569: alt="" border=0 align=middle> </td> 570: <td>   </td> 571: <td> 572: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI5" onclick="eqntext('imageI5')" 573: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 574: f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}} 575: \int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{-\small\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt" 576: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 577: </tr> 578: </table> 579: </center> 580: Similar LaTeX-based solutions that you may want to look at are 581: <a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a>, 582: <a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/webtools/textogif/textogif.html" 583: target="_top">textogif</a> and 584: <a href="http://www.math.uio.no/~martingu/gladtex/" 585: target="_top">gladTeX</a>. Additional discussion and several more 586: links are at <a href="http://www.tug.org/interest.html#web" 587: target="_top">www.tug.org/interest.html</a> and in the 588: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=LaTeX2HTML" 589: target="_top">tex-faq</a>. 590: 591: For example, <a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a> 592: is a public LaTeX web service that's 593: particularly easy to use by following these simple 594: <a href="http://www.mathtran.org/wiki/index.php/TeX_image" 595: target="_top">instructions</a>. In the <head> of your 596: html page, place the tag 597:     598: <script type="text/javascript" 599:         600: src="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js"></script> 601: and in the <body>, wherever you want to see latex images, 602: place tags like 603:     604: <img alt="tex:any latex math expression"> 605: For comparison, 606:     607: <img alt="tex: f(x) = \frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} 608:     609: \int_{-\infty}^x e^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"> 610: looks like 611: <center> 612: <table> 613: <tr align="center"> 614: <td> mathtran </td> 615: <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}" 616: alt="" border=0> </td> 617: <td> mimeTeX </td> 618: </tr> 619: <tr align="center"> 620: <td> <img alt="tex:\displaystyle f(x) = \frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} 621: \int_{-\infty}^x e^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"> </td> 622: <td>   </td> 623: <td> 624: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageP3" onclick="eqntext('imageP3')" 625: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 626: f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}} 627: \int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{-\small\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt" 628: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 629: </tr> 630: </table> 631: </center> 632: 633:  648: You may now want to browse the additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a> 649: below before proceeding, to make sure mimeTeX suits your needs before you 650: spend more time learning to use it. 651: 652: 653:  656: <h2> <a name="quickstart"> (Ia) Quick Start   </a> </h2> 657: 658:  MimeTeX is as TeX-like as possible (though 659: not 100% compliant), and you must already be familiar with LaTeX 660: math markup to use it. If you're not, many online LaTeX 661: <a href="http://www.tug.org/begin.html#doc" target="_top">turorials</a> 662: are readily available. You may also want to browse Andrew Roberts' 663: <a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial9.html" 664: target="_top">Latex Math I</a> and 665: <a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial10.html" 666: target="_top">Latex Math II</a>, or my own 667: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top"> 668: LaTeX math tutorial</a>. 669: Then, instead of continuing to read this page, you can  just Submit any LaTeX 671: math expression you like in the Query Box below. I've started 672: you out with a little example already in the box, or  673: you can Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> below 674: to place that corresponding expression in the Query Box. 675: 676: Meanwhile, here are just a few quickstart tips for Submitting 677: your own mimeTeX expressions in the Query Box below: 678: <ul> 679: <li> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes selected by 680: one of the usual directives   \tiny 681: or \small or \normalsize , 682: or \large (default) or \Large 683: or \LARGE , or \huge or \Huge . 684:     Unlike standard LaTeX, font size directives may 685: appear within math mode expressions. They affect everything 686: to their right, except that their scope will be limited to any 687: { }-enclosed subexpression in which they occur. 688: For example,   "a+\small b+c" 689:   renders   690: <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBu" onclick="eqntext('imageBu')" 691: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a+\small b+c" 692: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-2px"></a>,   693: whereas   "\small a+{\Large b+}c"   694: renders   695: <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBv" onclick="eqntext('imageBv')" 696: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small a+{\Large b+}c" 697: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-2px"></a>. </li> 698:  710: <li>   719:  725: By default, mimeTeX renders limits textstyle   726: <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB1" onclick="eqntext('imageB1')" 727: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textstyle 728: \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 729: style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a>   730: at sizes \normalsize and smaller, 731: and renders them displaystyle   732: <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB2" onclick="eqntext('imageB2')" 733: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 734: \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 735: style="Vertical-Align:-15px"></a>   736: at sizes \large and larger. 737: The LaTeX directives \displaystyle or \textstyle, 738: and \limits or \nolimits, override mimeTeX's default 739: in the usual way. Or see the -DDISPLAYSIZE=n 740: <a href="#options">compile option</a> below to change 741: the default. </li> 742: </ul> 743: <a name="forminput"> </a> <a name="preview"> </a> 744: Now enter your own LaTeX expression, use the sample provided, 745: or Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a>. 746: Then press the Submit button, and mimeTeX's rendering should be 747: displayed in the little window immediately below it. 748: <center> 749: <table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> 750: <tr align="center"><td> 751: <form name="expression" action="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi" 752: method="get" target="inlineframe"> 753: <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1"> 754: <tr align="left"><td align="center"> 755: First enter your own LaTeX expression, 756: or Click any example... 757: <textarea name="formdata" rows="5" cols="72" 758: >\Large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt</textarea> 759: </td></tr> 760: <tr align="center"><td> 761: <input type="button" onClick="cleartext()" 762: value="Clear Expression">     763:   <input type="submit" value="Submit Expression"> 764: </td></tr> 765: </table> 766: </form> </td></tr> <tr align="left"><td align="center"> 767: Now click Submit to see it rendered below... 768: <iframe name="inlineframe" align="middle" width="85%" height="110"> 769: iframe's not supported if you see this. 770: </iframe> 771: </td></tr> 772: </table> 773: </center> 774: You should see   775: <a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA3" onclick="eqntext('imageIA3')" 776: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize 777: f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt" 778: alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>   779: if you submit the sample expression already in the box. 780: 781: And the <img> tag to embed this same integral anywhere 782: in your own document is 783: <pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt" 784: alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> 785: 786:  788: The typical mimeTeX <img> tag has the form 789: <pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression" 790: alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> 791: where ../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi is the relative path from your html 792: page containing these tags to your compiled mimetex.cgi program, and 793: where any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression 794: is pretty much any valid LaTeX math expression: <ul> 795:  798: <li>  There are occasional exceptions where I couldn't 799: program mimeTeX to recognize valid LaTeX syntax. 800: One particular "gotcha" is that mimeTeX bindings 801: are pretty much left-to-right. Thus, for example, although 802: mimeTeX correctly interprets \frac12 as well as 803: \frac1{x^2}, etc, the legal LaTeX expression 804: x^\frac12 must be written x^{\frac12}. 805: Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets it as {x^\frac}12, i.e., 806: the same way x^\alpha12 would be interpreted, which is 807: nonsense for \frac. The same "gotcha" also applies to 808: other combinations of commands, e.g., you must write 809: \sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}, or 810: \frac\alpha{\sqrt\beta}, etc. 811: The <a href="#reference">Syntax Reference</a> section 812: contains much additional information.  </li> 815: <li> Besides such exceptions, mimeTeX 816: also provides various LaTeX extensions.  For example, font size 818: directives like \Large are permitted within mimeTeX 819: math mode expressions, but flagged as errors by LaTeX. 820:  </li> </ul> 823: 824: 825:  828: <h2> <a name="examples"> (Ib) Examples   </a> </h2> 829: 830: Here are various additional random examples further demonstrating 831: mimeTeX's features and usage. To see how they're done, Click any 832: one of them to place its corresponding expression in the 833: <a href="#preview">Query Box</a> above. Then press Submit 834: to re-render it, or you can edit the expression first to suit 835: your own purposes. 836: 837: <table cellspacing=15> 838:  840: <tr> 841: <td> 842: <a name="example1">(1)</a>     </td> 843: <td align="left" colspan=4> 844: <a href="#preview"> 845: <img id="example1a" onclick="eqntext('example1a')" 846: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\red\normalsize\displaystyle 847: e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" 848: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp 849: <a href="#preview"> 850: <img id="example1b" onclick="eqntext('example1b')" 851: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\green\large\displaystyle 852: e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" 853: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp 854: <a href="#preview"> 855: <img id="example1c" onclick="eqntext('example1c')" 856: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue\Large 857: e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" 858: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp 859: <a href="#preview"> 860: <img id="example1d" onclick="eqntext('example1d')" 861: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\reverse\opaque 862: \LARGE e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" 863: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp 864: <a href="#preview"> 865: <img id="example1e" onclick="eqntext('example1e')" 866: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE 867: e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac xn\right)^n" 868: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 869: </td> 870: </tr> 871: 872:  874: <tr> 875: <td> 876: (2) </td> 877: <td align="left" colspan=4> 878: <a href="#preview"> 879: <img id="example2" onclick="eqntext('example2')" 880: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\frac{dv^m}{ds}=-\Gamma^m_{oo}v^{o^2} 881: =-g^{mn}\Gamma_{noo}v^{o^2}=\frac12g^{mn}g_{oo,n}v^{o^2}" 882: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 883: </tr> 884: 885:  887: <tr> 888: <td> 889: (3) </td> 890: <td align="left" colspan=4> 891: <a href="#preview"> 892: <img id="example3" onclick="eqntext('example3')" 893: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\varepsilon=\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} 894: \frac1{\Delta x}\int_{x_i}^{x_{i+1}}\left\{\frac1{\Delta x}\big[ 895: (x_{i+1}-x)y_i^\ast+(x-x_i)y_{i+1}^\ast\big]-f(x)\right\}^2dx" 896: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 897: </tr> 898: 899:  901: <tr> 902: <td> 903: (4) </td> 904: <td align="left" colspan=4> 905: <table> 906: <tr> 907: <td align="left"> 908: <a href="#preview"> 909: <img id="example4a" onclick="eqntext('example4a')" 910: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}" 911: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 912: <td> 913: solution for quadratic </td> 914: </tr> 915: <tr> <td> </td> </tr> 916: <tr> 917: <td align="left"> 918: <a href="#preview"> 919: <img id="example4b" onclick="eqntext('example4b')" 920: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f^\prime(x)\ = 921: \lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}" 922: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 923: <td> 924: definition of derivative </td> 925: </tr> 926: </table> </td> 927: </tr> 928: 929:  931: <tr> 932: <td> 933: (5) </td> 934: <td align="left"> 935: <a href="#preview"> 936: <img id="example5" onclick="eqntext('example5')" 937: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+ 938: \frac{a_2}{b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}" 939: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 940: <td> 941: illustrating \frac{}{} for continued fraction </td> 942: </tr> 943: 944:  946: <tr> 947: <td> 948: (6) </td> 949: <td align="left"> 950: <a href="#preview"> 951: <img id="example6" onclick="eqntext('example6')" 952: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE\tilde y=\left\{ 953: {\ddot x\text{ if \vec x odd}\atop\hat{\,\bar x+1}\text{ if even}}\right." 954: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 955: <td> 956: illustrating \left\{...\right. 957:  958: and note the accents </td> 959: </tr> 960: 961:  963: <tr> 964: <td> 965: (7) </td> 966: <td align="center"> 967: <a href="#preview"> 968: <img id="example7" onclick="eqntext('example7')" 969: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\overbrace{a,...,a}^{\text{k a^,s}}, 970: \underbrace{b,...,b}_{\text{l b^,s}}\hspace{10} 971: \large\underbrace{\overbrace{a...a}^{\text{k a^,s}}, 972: \overbrace{b...b}^{\text{l b^,s}}}_{\text{k+l elements}}" 973: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 974: <td> 975: \overbrace{}^{} and \underbrace{}_{} 976: (TeXbook page 181, Exercise 18.41) </td> 977: </tr> 978: 979:  981: <tr> 982: <td> 983: (8) </td> 984: <td align="left" colspan=3> 985: <table> 986: <tr> 987: <td align="left" colspan=2> 988: <a href="#preview"> 989: <img id="example8a" onclick="eqntext('example8a')" 990: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{i0}=+\frac i2 991: \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_i&0\\0&-\sigma_i\end{array}\right] 992: \hspace{10}\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk} 993: \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]" 994: alt="" border=0 align=middle> </a> </td> 995: </tr> 996: <tr> <td> </td> </tr> 997: <tr> 998: <td align="left"> 999: <a href="#preview"> 1000: <img id="example8b" onclick="eqntext('example8b')" 1001: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large A\ =\ \large\left( 1002: \begin{array}{c.cccc}&1&2&\cdots&n\\ 1003: \hdash1&a_{11}&a_{12}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\ 1004: 2&a_{21}&a_{22}&\cdots&a_{2n}\\ 1005: \vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\ 1006: n&a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\cdots&a_{nn}\end{array}\right)" 1007: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1008: <td> 1009: demonstrating <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a>'s dashed lines </td> 1010: </tr> 1011: </table> </td> 1012: </tr> 1013: 1014:  1016: <tr> 1017: <td> 1018: <a name="example9">(9)</a> </td> 1019: <td align="left" colspan="2"> 1020: <a href="#preview"> 1021: <img id="example9c" onclick="eqntext('example9c')" 1022: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize 1023: \left(\large\begin{array}{GC+23} 1024: \varepsilon_x\\\varepsilon_y\\\varepsilon_z\\\gamma_{xy}\\ 1025: \gamma_{xz}\\\gamma_{yz}\end{array}\right)\ {\Large=} 1026: \ \left[\begin{array}{CC} 1027: \begin{array}\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}x}} 1028: &-\frac{\nu_{xy}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}} 1029: &-\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}xz}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}}\\ 1030: -\frac{\nu_{yx}}{E_y}&\frac1{E_{y}}&-\frac{\nu_{yz}}{E_y}\\ 1031: -\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}zx}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}}& 1032: -\frac{\nu_{zy}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}} 1033: &\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}z}}\end{array} & {\LARGE 0} \\ 1034: {\LARGE 0} & \begin{array}\frac1{G_{xy}}&&\\ 1035: &\frac1{G_{\fs{+1}xz}}&\\&&\frac1{G_{yz}}\end{array} 1036: \end{array}\right] 1037: \ \left(\large\begin{array} 1038: \sigma_x\\\sigma_y\\\sigma_z\\\tau_{xy}\\\tau_{xz}\\\tau_{yz} 1039: \end{array}\right)" 1040: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1041: <td align="left"> 1042: Block diagonal form using nested \begin{array}'s. 1043: Also, note rows aligned across all three arrays. 1044: </td> 1045: </tr> 1046: 1047:  1049: <tr> 1050: <td> 1051: (10) </td> 1052: <td align="center"> 1053: <a href="#preview"> 1054: <img id="example10" onclick="eqntext('example10')" 1055: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left.\begin{eqnarray} 1056: x+y+z&=&3\\2y&=&x+z\\2x+y&=&z\end{eqnarray}\right\}" 1057: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1058: <td> 1059: using <a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> to align equations </td> 1060: </tr> 1061: 1062:  1065: <tr> 1066: <td> 1067: (11) </td> 1068: <td align="center"> 1069: <a href="#preview"> 1070: <img id="example11" onclick="eqntext('example11')" 1071: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\begin{array}{rccclBCB} 1072: &f&\longrightarrow[75]^{\alpha:{\normalsize f\rightarrow g}}&g\\ 1073: \large\gamma&\longdownarrow[50]&&\longdownarrow[50]&\large\gamma\\ 1074: &u&\longrightarrow[75]_\beta&v\end{array}" 1075: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1076: <td> 1077: commutative diagram using <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a> </td> 1078: </tr> 1079: 1080:  1082: <tr> 1083: <td> 1084: (12) </td> 1085: <td align="left"> 1086: <a href="#preview"> 1087: <img id="example12" onclick="eqntext('example12')" 1088: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\hspace{5}\unitlength{1} 1089: \picture(175,100){ (50,50){\circle(100)} 1090: (1,50){\overbrace{\line(46)}^{4$\;\;a}} 1091: (52,50){\line(125)} (50,52;115;2){\mid} (52,55){\longleftar[60]} 1092: (130,56){\longrightar[35]} (116,58){r} (c85,50;80;2){\bullet} 1093: (c85,36){\large-q} (c165,36){\large q} 1094: (42,29){\underbrace{\line(32)}_{\small a^2/r\;\;\;}} }" 1095: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1096: <td valign="middle"> 1097: mimeTeX <a href="#picture">\picture(size){pic_elems}</a> 1098: "environment", illustrating the image charge - q 1099: for a grounded conducting sphere of radius a with 1100: a charge q at distance r > a outside it. </td> 1101: </tr> 1102: 1103:  1105: <tr> 1106: <td> 1107: (13) </td> 1108: <td align="left"> 1109: <a href="#preview"> 1110: <img id="example13" onclick="eqntext('example13')" 1111: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\hspace{10}\unitlength{.75} 1112: \picture(120,220){ (60,200){\circle(120,40)} (0,20){\line(0,180)} 1113: (5,189;0,-30){\pict(110,20){(c20,10;70;2){ 1114: \pict(40,20){(20,10){\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}} } } 1115: (119,20){\line(0,180)} (60,20){\circle(120,40;34)}}" 1116: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 1117: <td valign="middle"> <a href="#picture">\picture</a> "environment" 1118: illustrating the surface polarization charge induced by a uniform 1119: electric field. Inside the slab of material, the volume polarization 1120: charge clearly vanishes. The little 1121: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\unitlength{.75} \pict(40,20){(20,10) 1122: {\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}" alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1123: dipole image is drawn only once, then multiput across two columns, and 1124: then that result is further multiput down the rows. MimeTeX \picture's 1125: can be used as picture elements in other pictures, nested to any level. 1126: The image at left is picture-in-picture-in-picture. </td> 1127: </tr> 1128: </table> 1129: 1130: 1131:  1133: <h3> Some font examples ...</a> </h3> 1134: Finally, illustrated below are some examples of fonts and symbols 1135: available with mimeTeX. All symbols and sizes from cmr, cmmi, 1136: cmmib (use \mathbf{ }), cmsy, cmex, bbold (use 1137: \mathbb{ }), rsfs (use \mathscr{ }), 1138: stmary and cyrillic wncyr (use {\cyr  } or 1139: \cyr{ }) should be available, but they're not all shown. 1140: And also not shown are various "constructed symbols" like \sqrt, 1141: accents, etc. The illustrated font sizes are numbered 4=\Large, 1142: 3=\large and 2=\normalsize (not shown are 7=\Huge, 6=\huge, 1143: 5=\LARGE, 1=\small and 0=\tiny). 1144: 1145: <h3>cmmi latin uppercase, and lowercase</h3> 1146: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$ 1147: 2$\rm~size~4:~&4$A&4$B&4$C&4$D,&4$a&4$b&4$c&4$d\\ 1148: 2$\rm~3:~&3$E&3$F&3$G&3$H&3$I&3$J&3$K&3$L,&3$e&3$f&3$g&3$h&3$i&3$j&3$k&3$l\\ 1149: 2$\rm~2:~&2$M&2$N&2$O&2$P&2$Q&2$R&2$S&2$T&2$U&2$V&2$W&2$X&2$Y&2$Z,& 1150: 2$m&2$n&2$o&2$p&2$q&2$r&2$s&2$t&2$u&2$v&2$w&2$x&2$y&2$z}" 1151: alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1152: 1153: <h3>calligraphic, and rsfs (\cal{A}, \scr{B}, etc)</h3> 1154: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$ 1155: 2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\calA&4$\calB&4$\calC&4$\calD&4$\calE&4$\calF&4$\calG,& 1156: 4$\scrA&4$\scrB&4$\scrC&4$\scrD&4$\scrE&4$\scrF&4$\scrG\\ 1157: 2$\rm~3:~&3$\calH&3$\calI&3$\calJ&3$\calK&3$\calL&3$\calM&3$\calN&3$\calO& 1158: 3$\calP,& 1159: 3$\scrH&3$\scrI&3$\scrJ&3$\scrK&3$\scrL&3$\scrM&3$\scrN&3$\scrO&3$\scrP\\ 1160: 2$\rm~2:~&2$\calQ&2$\calR&2$\calS&2$\calT&2$\calU& 1161: 2$\calV&2$\calW&2$\calX&2$\calY&2$\calZ,& 1162: 2$\scrQ&2$\scrR&2$\scrS&2$\scrT&2$\scrU&2$\scrV&2$\scrW& 1163: 2$\scrX&2$\scrY&2$\scrZ}" 1164: alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1165: 1166: <h3>cmmi greek uppercase, and \var lowercase</h3> 1167: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$ 1168: 2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\Gamma&4$\Delta&4$\Theta&4$\Lambda&4$\Xi&4$\Pi&4$\Sigma& 1169: 4$\Upsilon&4$\Phi&4$\Psi&4$\Omega,&4$\rm~~&4$\varepsilon&4$\vartheta&4$\varpi& 1170: 4$\varrho&4$\varsigma&4$\varphi\\ 1171: 2$\rm~3:~&3$\Gamma&3$\Delta&3$\Theta&3$\Lambda&3$\Xi&3$\Pi&3$\Sigma& 1172: 3$\Upsilon&3$\Phi&3$\Psi&3$\Omega,&~&3$\varepsilon&3$\vartheta&3$\varpi& 1173: 3$\varrho&3$\varsigma&3$\varphi\\ 1174: 2$\rm~2:~&2$\Gamma&2$\Delta&2$\Theta&2$\Lambda&2$\Xi&2$\Pi&2$\Sigma& 1175: 2$\Upsilon&2$\Phi&2$\Psi&2$\Omega,&~&2$\varepsilon&2$\vartheta&2$\varpi& 1176: 2$\varrho&2$\varsigma&2$\varphi}" 1177: alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1178: 1179: <h3>cmmi greek lowercase</h3> 1180: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$ 1181: 2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\alpha&4$\beta&4$\gamma&4$\delta&4$\epsilon&4$\zeta& 1182: 4$\eta&4$\theta&4$\iota&4$\kappa&4$\lambda&4$\mu&4$\nu&4$\xi&4$%%\omicron%%& 1183: 4$\pi&4$\rho&4$\sigma&4$\tau&4$\upsilon&4$\phi&4$\chi&4$\psi&4$\omega\\ 1184: 2$\rm~3:~&3$\alpha&3$\beta&3$\gamma&3$\delta&3$\epsilon&3$\zeta& 1185: 3$\eta&3$\theta&3$\iota&3$\kappa&3$\lambda&3$\mu&3$\nu&3$\xi&3$%%\omicron%%& 1186: 3$\pi&3$\rho&3$\sigma&3$\tau&3$\upsilon&3$\phi&3$\chi&3$\psi&3$\omega\\ 1187: 2$\rm~2:~&2$\alpha&2$\beta&2$\gamma&2$\delta&2$\epsilon&2$\zeta& 1188: 2$\eta&2$\theta&2$\iota&2$\kappa&2$\lambda&2$\mu&2$\nu&2$\xi&2$%%\omicron%%& 1189: 2$\pi&2$\rho&2$\sigma&2$\tau&2$\upsilon&2$\phi&2$\chi&2$\psi&2$\omega}" 1190: alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1191: 1192: <h3>cmsy symbols at mimeTeX font size 3 1193: (operators shown large are automatically "promoted" 1194: to the larger size in \displaystyle mode) </h3> 1195: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{3,r$1$\rm~chars~\\ 1196: 1$\rm~0-15:~&-&\cdot&\times&\ast&\div&\diamond&\pm&\mp& 1197: \oplus&\ominus&\otimes&\oslash&\odot&\bigcirc&\circ&\bullet\\ 1198: 1$\rm~16-31:~&\asymp&\equiv&\subseteq&\supseteq&\leq&\geq&\preceq&\succeq& 1199: \sim&\approx&\subset&\supset&\ll&\gg&\prec&\succ\\ 1200: 1$\rm~32-47:~&\leftar&\rightar&\uparr&\downar&\leftrightar&\near&\sear& 1201: \simeq&\Leftar&\Rightar&\Upar&\Downar&\Leftrightar&\nwar&\swar&\propto\\ 1202: 1$\rm~48-63:~&\prime&\infty&\in&\ni&\triangle&\bigtriangledo&/&\'& 1203: \forall&\exists&\neg&\emptyset&\Re&\Im&\top&\bot\\ 1204: 1$\rm~64-100:~&\aleph&&\calA&4$.\,.\,.&\calZ&&\cup&\cap& 1205: \uplus&\wedge&\vee&\vdash&\dashv&\lfloor&\rfloor&\lceil\\ 1206: 1$\rm~101-116:~&\rceil&\lbrace&\rbrace&\langle&\rangle&\mid&\parallel& 1207: \updownar&\Updownar&\setminus&\wr&\surd&\amalg&\nabla&\int&\sqcup\\ 1208: 1$\rm~117-127:~&\sqcap&\sqsubseteq&\sqsupseteq&\S&\dag&\ddag&\P&\clubsuit& 1209: \Diamond&\Heart&\spadesuit}" alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1210: 1211: <h3>a few other cmmi, cmr, stmary and wncyr symbols 1212: at mimeTeX font size 4</h3> 1213: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{4,r$ 1214: 1$\rm~cmmi:~&\leftharpoonup&\leftharpoondo&\rightharpoonup&\rightharpoondo& 1215: \triangleright&\triangleleft&\star&\partial& 1216: \flat&\natural&\sharp&\smile&\frown&\ell&\imath&\jmath&\wp&\vec\\ 1217: 1$\rm~cmr:~&\ss&\ae&\oe&\AE&\OE \\ 1218: 1$\rm~stmary:~&\moo&\Lbag&\Rbag&\lightning&\llbracket&\rrbracket& 1219: \subsetpluseq&\supsetpluseq&\Yup&\Ydown\\ 1220: 1$\rm~wncyr:~&\cyr A&\cyr a&\cyr B&\cyr b&\cyr V&\cyr v&\cyr G&\cyr g& 1221: \cyr D&\cyr d&\cyr Dj&\cyr dj&\cyr\=E&\cyr\=e&\cyr Zh&\cyr zh}" 1222: alt="" border=0 align=middle> 1223: 1224: 1225:  1228: <h2> <a name="gpl"> (Ic) GPL License   </a> </h2> 1229: 1230: 1231: &quotMy grandfather once told me there are two kinds of people: 1232: &nbsp &nbsp Those who do the work and those who take the credit. 1233: &nbsp &nbsp He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much 1234: less competition.&quot 1235: Indira Gandhi, the late Prime Minister of India 1236: 1237: MimeTeX's copyright is registered by me with the US Copyright Office, 1238: and I hereby license it to you under the terms and conditions of the 1239: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">GPL</a>. 1240: There is no official support of any kind whatsoever, 1241: and you use mimeTeX entirely at your own risk, with no guarantee 1242: of any kind, in particular with no warranty of merchantability. 1243: 1244: By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood 1245: and agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you  possess the legal right and ability to enter 1247: into this agreement and to use mimeTeX in accordance with it. 1248: 1249: Hopefully, the law and ethics regarding computer programs will 1250: evolve to make this kind of obnoxious banter unnecessary. 1251: In the meantime, please forgive me my paranoia. 1252: 1253: To protect your own intellectual property, I recommend 1254: <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ1.html" 1255: target="_top">Copyright Basics</a> from The Library of Congress, 1256: in particular <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ61.html" 1257: target="_top">Circular 61</a>, Copyright Registration for 1258: Computer Programs. 1259:  1262: Very briefly, download 1263: <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/forms/formtxi.pdf">Form TX</a> 1264: and follow the included instructions. 1265: In principle, you automatically own the copyright 1266: to anything you write the moment it's on paper. In practice, 1267: if the matter comes under dispute, the courts look _very_ favorably 1268: on you for demonstrating your intent by registering the copyright. 1269: For example, courts will stop unauthorized use of unregistered 1270: material, but monetary damages are awarded _only_ if you 1271: register the copyright before infringement occurs. 1272: 1273: 1274:  1277: <h1> <a name="build"> (II) Building mimeTeX   </a> </h1> 1278: 1279:  1280: <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> 1281: <tr><td><center><hr size="2">Very quickly   ---   download 1282: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip"> 1283:  1284: mimetex.zip</a> and then type 1285: <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> 1286: <tr align="left"> 1287: <td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{50}" alt="" border=0></td> 1288: <td>unzip mimetex.zip 1289: cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</td> 1290: </tr></table> 1291:       Now mv mimetex.cgi to your cgi-bin/ 1292: directory, and you're all done.       1293: Read the rest of this section for more detailed 1294: information.<hr size="2"></center></td> 1295: <td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{150}" alt="" border=0></td> 1296: </tr></table> 1297:  1298: 1299: I've built and run mimeTeX under Linux and NetBSD using gcc. The source 1300: code is ansi-standard C, and should compile and run under all 1301: environments without change. Instructions below 1302: are for Unix. Modify them as necessary for your particular situation 1303: (note the -DWINDOWS switch if applicable). 1304: 1305: <h2> <a name="compile"> (IIa) Download and Compile   </a> </h2> 1306: 1307: The steps needed to download and compile mimeTeX are 1308: <ul> 1309: <li> Download and unzip 1310: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip"> 1311:  1312: mimetex.zip</a> in any convenient working directory. 1313: Your working directory should now contain <center> 1314: <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> 1315: <tr><td width=100>README</td> <td>mimeTeX release notes</td></tr> 1316: <tr><td>COPYING</td> <td>GPL license, under which you may use 1317: mimeTeX</td></tr> 1318: <tr><td>mimetex.c</td> <td>mimeTeX source program and all required 1319: functions</td></tr> 1320: <tr><td>mimetex.h</td> <td>header file for mimetex.c (and for 1321: gfuntype.c)</td></tr> 1322: <tr><td>gfuntype.c</td> <td>parses output from gftype -i 1323: and writes bitmap data</td></tr> 1324: <tr><td>texfonts.h</td> <td>output from several gfuntype runs, 1325: needed by mimetex.c</td></tr> 1326: <tr><td>gifsave.c</td> <td>gif library by Sverre H. Huseby 1327: <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" 1328: target="_top">http://shh.thathost.com</a> 1329: </td></tr> 1330: <tr><td>mimetex.html</td> <td>this file, the mimeTeX 1331: user's manual</td></tr> 1332: </table></center> 1333:         1334: Note: all files use Unix line termination, i.e., linefeeds 1335: (without carriage returns) signal line endings. Conversion for 1336: Windows PC's, Macs, VMS, etc, can usually be accomplished by 1337: unzip's -a option, i.e., unzip -a mimetex.zip 1338: </li> 1339: <li> To compile an executable that emits anti-aliased gif images 1340: (which is recommended for most uses), just type the following 1341: command from the Unix shell 1342:         1343: cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi </li> 1344: <li> Or, to compile an executable that emit gif images 1345: without anti-aliasing 1346:         1347: cc -DGIF mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi </li> 1348: <li> Alternatively, to compile an executable that emits mime xbitmaps 1349:         1350: cc -DXBITMAP mimetex.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi </li> 1351: <li> Compile Notes: <ul> 1352: <li> If (and only if) you're compiling a Windows executable with 1353: the -DAA or -DGIF option (but not -DXBITMAP), then 1354: add -DWINDOWS . For example, 1355:         gcc -DAA -DWINDOWS 1356: mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.exe 1357: The above Unix-like syntax works with 1358: <a href="http://www.mingw.org" target="_top">MinGW</a> and 1359: <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/" target="_top">djgpp</a> 1360: Windows compilers, but probably not with most others, 1361: where it's only intended as a "template". 1362:         1363: Explanation: mimeTeX writes gif bytes directly to stdout, as usual 1364: for cgi's. But Windows treats stdout as a character stream, 1365: interpreting any hex 0A byte as an <lf>, and automatically 1366: preceding it with a spurious hex 0D   <cr> byte. The 1367: -DWINDOWS switch compiles in a non-portable, Windows-specific 1368: _setmode() call that sets stdout to binary mode. </li> 1369: <li> If you're compiling for Windows and would prefer 1370: to install mimeTeX as a Win32 DLL, see the 1371: <a href="http://www.codeproject.com/dotnet/Eq2Img.asp"> 1372: Code Project</a> developed by 1373: <a href="http://www.shitalshah.com">Shital Shah</a>, and 1374: download <a href="http://www.shitalshah.com/dev/eq2img_all.zip"> 1375: eq2img_all.zip</a> containing Shital's latest code. </li> 1376:  1379: </ul> </li> 1380: <li> The gfuntype program is only needed if you plan to change the 1381: font information in texfonts.h, as explained in 1382: <a href="#fonts">Appendix IVa</a> below. 1383: In that case, compile gfuntype with the command 1384:         1385: cc gfuntype.c mimetex.c -lm -o gfuntype </li> 1386: </ul> 1387: That's all there is to compiling mimeTeX. 1388: Several other optional compile-line <a href="#options">options</a> 1389: available for mimetex.c are discussed below. 1390: 1391: Immediately after compiling mimeTeX, test your new executable 1392: by typing   ./mimetex.cgi "x^2+y^2"   1393: from the Unix shell (or   mimetex "x^2+y^2" 1394:   from the Windows Command Prompt), which should emit 1395: two "ascii rasters" something like the following <pre> 1396: Ascii dump of bitmap image... Hex dump of colormap indexes... 1397: ...........**....................**... ..........1**1...................1**1.. 1398: ..........*..*......*...........*..*.. ..........*23*......*............*23*.. 1399: .............*......*..............*.. .............*......*...............*.. 1400: ....****.....*......*.....*..*.....*.. ...1****....2*......*.....2*..*....2*.. 1401: ...*.*.*....*.......*....**..*....*... ...*.*.*...1*.......*.....**..*...1*... 1402: .....*.....*.*..********..*..*...*.*.. ....1*1...2*.*..********..3*..*..2*.*.. 1403: .....*....****......*.....*..*..****.. ....2*2...****......*......*12*..****.. 1404: ..*.*.*.............*.....*.*......... ..*.*.*.............*......*.*2........ 1405: ...****.............*.....***......... ..1****.............*......***......... 1406: ....................*.......*......... ....................*........*......... 1407: .........................*.*.......... ..........................*.*1......... 1408: .........................**........... ..........................**1.......... 1409: The 5 colormap indexes denote rgb vals... 1410: .-->255 1-->196 2-->186 3-->177 *-->0</pre> 1411: (The right-hand illustration shows asterisks 1412: in the same positions as the left-hand one, along with anti-aliased 1413: grayscale colormap indexes assigned to neighboring pixels, and with 1414: the rgb value for each index.) Just typing ./mimetex.cgi 1415: without an argument should produce ascii rasters for the default 1416: expression f(x)=x^2. If you see these two ascii rasters then 1417: your binary's good. Otherwise, you must find and fix the problem 1418: before proceeding. 1419: 1420: 1421: <h2> <a name="install"> (IIb) Install   </a> </h2> 1422: 1423: Once you've successfully tested mimetex.cgi from the Unix shell 1424: (or mimetex.exe from the Windows Command Prompt), 1425: the steps needed to install mimeTeX are 1426: <ul> 1427: <li> mv mimetex.cgi   (or move mimetex.exe)   1428: to your server's cgi-bin/ directory, wherever cgi 1429: programs are expected. </li> 1430: <li> Now you may need to chmod 755 mimetex.cgi   1431: and/or chown it, too, depending on your server's 1432: requirements. Contact your system administrator or ISP 1433: if you're not already familiar with this information. </li> 1434: <li> Once mimetex.cgi is moved to your server's cgi-bin/ 1435: directory, with permissions and owner set as necessary, 1436: you're all done. </li> 1437: </ul> 1438: 1439: Immediately after installing mimeTeX, test your new mimetex.cgi 1440: by typing a url into your browser's locator window something like 1441:         1442: http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2 1443: which should display   1444: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0 1445: style="Vertical-Align:-3px">   1446: in the upper-left corner of your window, 1447: just like clicking this link does, which tests my mimetex.cgi, 1448:         1449: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2" 1450: target="_top">http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2</a> 1451: If you see the same   <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 1452: \normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-3px">   1453: image from the yourdomain link, then you've completed 1454: a successful mimeTeX installation. 1455: 1456: If you don't see the image, then your installation failed. 1457: If your earlier post-compilation "ascii raster" test 1458: succeeeded, then the problem is probably some server-specific 1459: installation requirement. First make sure you installed mimetex.cgi 1460: in the correct cgi-bin/ directory, set the correct chmod 1461: permissions, and typed the correct url into your browser's locator 1462: window. Then contact your system administrator or ISP, 1463: and ask how to install cgi programs on your server. 1464: 1465: After you've successfully installed mimeTeX, and both preceeding tests 1466: have succeeded, you can optionally "regression test" 1467: all mimeTeX features as follows: 1468: <ul> 1469: <li> mv mimetex.html (this file) to your server's 1470: htdocs/ directory </li> 1471: <li> Paths to cgi-bin/ and htdocs/ directories 1472: are typically path/www/cgi-bin/ and 1473: path/www/htdocs/, so I set up mimtex.html 1474: to access mimetex.cgi from the relative path ../cgi-bin/. 1475: If your directories are non-conforming, you may have to edit 1476: the few dozen occurrences of ../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi 1477: in your mimetex.html page. Sometimes a suitable symlink works; 1478: if not, you'll have to edit. Globally changing 1479: ../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi usually works. </li> 1480: <li> Now visit your page   1481: http://www.yourdomain.com/mimetex.html </li> 1482: <li> Once your mimetex.html displays properly, you can assume 1483: everything is working, and can begin authoring html documents 1484: using mimetex.cgi to render your own math. </li> 1485: </ul> 1486: 1487: That's all there is to installing mimeTeX. . 1488: 1489: 1490: <h2> <a name="options"> (IIc) Additional Compile-Line Options   </a></h2> 1491: 1492: In addition to -DAA or -DGIF or -DXBITMAP (along with -DWINDOWS 1493: when necessary) on the mimetex.c compile line, as discussed above, 1494: you may also optionally include the following -D switches, 1495: whose functionality is discussed below. 1496: <dl> 1497: <dt> -DAA </dt> 1498: <dd> As already discussed, -DAA turns on anti-aliasing. 1499: It also sets default values for individual anti-aliasing 1500: parameters discussed below. If you specify -DAA 1501: then you needn't specify the individual parameters unless 1502: you want to override the defaults. 1503:       Anti-aliasing can't be applied to mime 1504: xbitmaps, so don't specify -DAA if you also specify -DXBITMAP. 1505:       And mimeTeX's anti-aliasing only works 1506: well on white (or light gray) backgrounds. Your html file 1507: probably contains a <body> tag of the form 1508: <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000"> 1509: which specifies black text on a pure white background. 1510: The background can be grayed down to maybe bgcolor="#e7e7e7", 1511: but much darker will begin to show white rings around 1512: mimeTeX's anti-aliased characters. This page is displayed 1513: using bgcolor="#ffffff". </dd> 1514: <dt> -DCENTERWT=n 1515: -DADJACENTWT=j 1516: -DCORNERWT=k </dt> 1517: <dd> MimeTeX currently provides a lowpass filtering 1518: algorithm for anti-aliasing, which is applied to the 1519: existing set of bitmap fonts. This lowpass filter applies 1520: weights <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 1521: \tiny\begin{pmatrix}1&2&1\\2&\,8\,&2\\1&2&1\end{pmatrix}" 1522: alt="" border=0 align=middle> to neighboring pixels. The defaults 1523: weights are CENTERWT=8, ADJACENTWT=2 and CORNERWT=1, 1524: which you can adjust to control anti-aliasing. </dd> 1525: <dt> -DCACHEPATH=\"path/\" </dt> 1526: <dd> This option saves each rendered image to a file in directory 1527: path/, which mimeTeX reads rather than 1528: re-rendering the same image every time it's given 1529: the same LaTeX expression. Sometimes mimeTeX disables caching, 1530: e.g., expressions containing \input{ } are 1531: re-rendered since the contents of the inputted file may have 1532: changed. If compiled without -DCACHEPATH=\"path/\" 1533: mimeTeX always re-renders expressions. This usually isn't too 1534: cpu intensive, but if you have unusually high hit rates then 1535: image caching may be helpful. The path/ 1536: is relative to mimetex.cgi, and must be writable by it. 1537: Files created under path/ are named 1538: filename.gif, where filename 1539: is the 32-character MD5 hash of your LaTeX expression. 1540:       If you're also using mimeTeX's 1541: <a href="#valignment">Vertical-Align:</a> feature, prefix your 1542: path/ with a leading % and write 1543:   -DCACHEPATH=\"%path/\"   1544: instead. That leading % won't become part of 1545: your cache directory's path/, but it will signal 1546: mimeTeX to cache headers along with each image. 1547: Otherwise, the Vertical-Align: information is lost, 1548: and attempts to align cached images will fail. 1549:       When caching a new image, mimeTeX also 1550: updates the file path/mimetex.log containing 1551: a timestamp, filename and LaTeX expression for each new file 1552: created. A sample entry looks like 1553: <pre>--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1554: 2008-09-07:11:29:53am f8ccc8dd93c8eeb1d9c40b353ef781e0.gif 1555: \LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} 1556: ---------------------------------------------------------------------</pre></dd> 1557: <dt>-DDEFAULTSIZE=n </dt> 1558: <dd> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes numbered 0-7, 1559: and always starts out in DEFAULTSIZE, whose default value is 3. 1560: Specify -DDEFAULTSIZE=2 on the compile line if you prefer 1561: mimeTeX to start in default size 2, etc. </dd> 1562: <dt>-DDISPLAYSIZE=n </dt> 1563: <dd> By default, operator limits like \int_a^b are rendered 1564: \textstyle <a href="#preview"> 1565: <img id="displaysize1" onclick="eqntext('displaysize1')" 1566: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 1567: \normalsize\displaystyle\int\nolimits_a^b" 1568: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes \normalsize 1569: and smaller, and rendered \displaystyle <a href="#preview"> 1570: <img id="displaysize2" onclick="eqntext('displaysize2')" 1571: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b" 1572: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes \large and 1573: larger. This default corresponds to -DDISPLAYSIZE=3, 1574: which you can adjust; e.g., -DDISPLAYSIZE=0 always defaults 1575: to \displaystyle, and 99 (or any large number) 1576: always defaults to \textstyle. Note that explicit 1577: \textstyle, \displaystyle, \limits or 1578: \nolimits directives in an expression always override 1579: the DISPLAYSIZE default. </dd> 1580: <dt>-DGAMMA=gammacorrection </dt> 1581: <dd> Applies gammacorrection to antialiased 1582: gif images. Default is 1.25 (rather than the standard 2.2). 1583: Specify 0.0 to turn off gamma correction (1.0 makes no 1584: gamma correction but doesn't actually turn it off). </dd> 1585: <dt>-DNEWCOMMANDS=\"newcommands.h\" </dt> 1586: <dd> LaTeX-like \newcommand's are available in mimeTeX, 1587: via the following facility to help you define your 1588: own "new commands" during compilation. Edit a file named 1589: newcommands.h (or any filename you specify between 1590: \"...\"'s with the -DNEWCOMMANDS=\"filename\" 1591: switch). For newcommands _without_ 1592: arguments, your file should contain one or more lines 1593: like the following examples: 1594: <pre>{ "\\iint", NULL, "{\\int\\int}" }, 1595: { "\\rightleftharpoons",NULL,"{\\rightharpoonup\\atop\\leftharpoondown}" }, 1596: { "\\ldots", NULL, "{\\Large.\\hspace1.\\hspace1.}" }, 1597: { "\\cr", NULL, "\\\\" }, 1598: { "\\neq", NULL, "{\\not=}" },</pre> 1599: For newcommands _without_ arguments, as illustrated above, 1600: the general form of each line in your file should be   1601: { "\\command", NULL, "{replacement}" }, 1602:     Don't forget a comma at the end of every line, 1603: and write a double backslash \\ 1604: between quotes "...\\..." wherever you actually 1605: want a single backslash \. The only effect 1606: of the above examples (without arguments) is simple string 1607: substitution, i.e., every occurrence of \command 1608: is replaced by {replacement}. Note that the 1609: { }'s surrounding replacement 1610: aren't required, but are usually a good idea (the case 1611: of \cr illustrated above is one exception, where 1612: { }'s would defeat the purpose). 1613:     To define newcommands _with_ arguments, 1614: change the NULL after the \\command 1615: to define your command's arguments as illustrated by the 1616: following example: 1617: <pre>{ "\\lvec", "2n", "#2_1,\\cdots,#2_{#1}" },</pre> 1618: In this case the NULL has been replaced by "2n" 1619: (note the mandatory surrounding quotes "..."). This 1620: example corresponds to the similar one discussed in TLC2 on 1621: page 845. The first character inside the "..."s is 1622:   2   indicating the number of arguments, 1623: which may be 1 thru 9. If there are no 1624: subsequent characters followng this one, then all arguments are 1625: mandatory, enclosed in { }'s as usual. Otherwise, 1626: any subsequent characters signal that the first argument 1627: is optional, enclosed in [ ]'s if given. And 1628: these subsequent characters comprise the first argument's 1629: default value if it's not explicitly given. The illustrated 1630: example's first argument is optional with default value   1631: n   as shown. In this case that's just a single 1632: character, but you can write any length default you like. 1633:     To see many additional examples, search for the 1634: uppercase string NEWCOMMANDS in mimetex.c, and look below that. 1635: All the above examples are already there. </dd> 1636: <dt> -DOPAQUE </dt> 1637: <dd> By default, mimeTeX renders gif images with black symbols 1638: on a transparent white background. Defining OPAQUE renders 1639: images on an opaque background instead. </dd> 1640: <dt> -DPATHPREFIX=\"path/\" </dt> 1641: <dd> The <a href="#input">\input{ }</a> and 1642: <a href="#counter">\counter{ }</a> commands discussed below 1643: require filename arguments which, by default, point to files 1644: residing in the same cgi-bin/ directory as your mimetex.cgi. 1645: Moreover, for security, absolute paths with leading /'s 1646: or \'s, and paths with ../'s or ..\'s, 1647: are not permitted. Instead, compile mimetex with PATHPREFIX 1648: defined as path/ if you want input files in some 1649: other directory. And make sure your path/ ends 1650: with / (or with \ for Windows). </dd> 1651: <dt> -DPLUSBLANK       -or- 1652: -DPLUSNOTBLANK </dt> 1653: <dd> mimeTeX receives your LaTeX math expression as a url 1654: query string, in which blank spaces are often encoded 1655: as %20 or as plus signs +, and 1656: where actual plus signs are often encoded as %2B. 1657: But these conventions aren't always respected, 1658: and even when they are blank spaces may be either 1659: %20 or +. The only ambiguity for 1660: mimeTeX is whether or not to translate plus signs + 1661: back to blank spaces. 1662:       If you know how your applications behave, 1663: then define PLUSBLANK to always translate plus signs + 1664: to blank spaces, or define PLUSNOTBLANK to never translate. 1665:       Otherwise, if you define neither, 1666: mimeTeX applies some common-sense rules to decide whether or 1667: not to translate. These usually work, but can't be guaranteed. 1668: If your query string contains actual blank spaces or 1669: blanks encoded as %20, then plus signs + 1670: aren't translated. Otherwise, if your query string 1671: contains %2B, then plus signs + are 1672: translated. If neither %20 nor %2B, or both 1673: %20 and %2B, occur in your query string, 1674: then the situation is ambiguous. In this case, if mimeTeX 1675: finds two or more plus signs ++ with no intervening 1676: space, then they're translated; otherwise they're not. </dd> 1677: <dt> -DREFERER=\"domain\"       -or- 1678: -DREFERER=\"domain1,domain2,etc\" </dt> 1679: <dd> Blocks mimeTeX requests from unauthorized domains that 1680: are using your mimetex.cgi (hence your server's resources) 1681: without permission. 1682:       If REFERER is defined, mimeTeX 1683: performs a case-insensitive test of the environment variable 1684: HTTP_REFERER to verify that it contains the authorized 'domain' 1685: as a substring. 1686:       If given several 'domain's (second form) 1687: then HTTP_REFERER must contain either 'domain1' or 1688: 'domain2', or etc, as a (case-insensitive) substring. 1689:       If HTTP_REFERER doesn't contain a substring 1690: matching any of these domain(s), then mimeTeX emits an error 1691: message image instead of the requested image. You can manually 1692: modify invalid_referer_msg, defined in function main(), 1693: to personalize the error message for your own site. 1694:       Finally, if HTTP_REFERER is not found as 1695: an environment variable, then mimeTeX correctly generates the 1696: requested image instead of generating an error. </dd> 1697: <dt>-DSECURITY=n </dt> 1698: <dd> This is essentially a "paranoid" setting that defaults 1699: to a high value 999, which inhibits some optional logging 1700: activity. -DCACHEPATH=path/ isn't affected, 1701: since you're explicitly supplying a path/ 1702: you want files written to. But, for example, you must set 1703: -DSECURITY=5 (or less) to permit the \counter 1704: command to create a new counter file. A malicious user 1705: could conceivably flood your file system by submitting 1706: zillions of \counter{filename} commands 1707: to mimeTeX, each with a different filename. </dd> 1708: <dt>-DSMASHMARGIN=n       -or- 1709: -DNOSMASH </dt> 1710: <dd> TeX typically renders an expression like 1711: \frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx as <a href="#preview"> 1712: <img id="nosmash1" onclick="eqntext('nosmash1')" 1713: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 1714: \nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx" 1715: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. MimeTeX tries to remove extra 1716: whitespace, rendering the same expression as <a href="#preview"> 1717: <img id="nosmash2" onclick="eqntext('nosmash2')" 1718: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 1719: \smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx" 1720: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead. 1721: Compile with -DNOSMASH if you prefer the typical TeX 1722: behavior as mimeTeX's default. Or, to adjust the minimum 1723: number of pixels between smashed symbols (default is 3), 1724: compile with -DSMASHMARGIN=n. 1725: See <a href="#smash">Smash</a> for further discussion. </dd> 1726: <dt> -DWARNINGS=n       -or- 1727: -DNOWARNINGS </dt> 1728: <dd> If an expression submitted to mimeTeX contains an 1729: unrecognzied escape sequence, e.g., "y=x+\abc+1", then 1730: mimeTeX generates a gif image containing an embedded 1731: warning in the form "y=x+[\abc?]+1". Or, if an expression 1732: contains an unrecognized character, i.e., one for which mimeTeX 1733: has no corresponding bitmap, then the embedded warning is [?]. 1734: If you want these warnings suppressed, either -DWARNINGS=0 1735: or -DNOWARNINGS on the compile line tells mimeTeX to treat 1736: unrecognized/undisplayable input as white space. </dd> 1737: <dt> -DWHITE </dt> 1738: <dd> MimeTeX usually renders black symbols on a white 1739: background. This option renders white symbols on 1740: a transparent black background instead (or on an opaque 1741: black background when combined with -DOPAQUE ). </dd> 1742: </dl> 1743: 1744: 1745: <h2> <a name="cmdline"> (IId) Command Line Features   </a> </h2> 1746: 1747: MimeTeX usually runs from a browser, obtaining its input expression 1748: from a query_string. But you can also run mimeTeX from your Unix 1749: shell, supplying all input from the command line. This was briefly 1750: illustrated above, where you were advised to test your newly-compiled 1751: mimeTeX executable from the command line before installing it. 1752: 1753: In addition to such simple testing, mimeTeX also provides some 1754: possibly useful functionality from the command line. In particular, 1755: you can store a gif (or xbitmap) image of any expression to a file. 1756: No syntax checking is applied to command-line arguments, so enter 1757: them carefully. (Likewise, plus signs + are never 1758: translated to blank spaces, nor is any other %xx url decoding 1759: performed on command-line arguments.) 1760: 1761: The complete command-line syntax for mimeTeX is 1762: <pre> 1763: ./mimetex [ -d ] dump gif image on stdout, 1764: [ -e export_file ] or write gif image to export_file 1765: [ expression expression, e.g., "x^2+y^2", 1766: | -f input_file ] or read expression from input_file 1767: [ -g1 -d ] dump .pbm-formatted image on stdout 1768: [ -g1 -e export_file ] or write .pbm image to export_file 1769: [ -g2 -d ] dump anti-aliased .pgm image on stdout 1770: [ -g2 -e export_file ] or write .pgm image to export_file 1771: [ -m msglevel ] verbosity of debugging output 1772: [ -o ] render image with opaque background 1773: [ -s fontsize ] default fontsize, 0-5 1774: 1775: -d Rather than printing ascii debugging output, mimeTeX 1776: dumps the actual gif (or xbitmap) to stdout, e.g., 1777: ./mimetex -d "x^2+y^2" > expression.gif 1778: creates expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2 1779: 1780: -e export_file Like -d but writes the actual gif 1781: (or xbitmap) directly to export_file, e.g., 1782: ./mimetex -e expression.gif "x^2+y^2" 1783: creates file expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2 1784: 1785: expression Place LaTeX expression directly on command 1786: line, with no -switch preceding it, as in the example 1787: immediately above, or..... 1788: 1789: -f input_file .....read expression from input_file 1790: (and automatically assume -d switch). The input_file 1791: may contain the expression on one line or spread out 1792: over many lines. MimeTeX will concatanate all lines 1793: from input_file to construct one long expression. 1794: Blanks, tabs, and newlines are just ignored. 1795: 1796: -g1 -d dumps a .pbm-formatted portable bitmap image to stdout. 1797: Note that this is the bitmap image _before_ anti-aliasing. 1798: 1799: -g1 -e export_file Like -g1 -d but writes the .pbm-formatted 1800: portable bitmap directly to export_file, e.g., 1801: ./mimetex -g1 -e expression.pbm "x^2+y^2" 1802: creates file expression.pbm containing a bitmap image 1803: of x^2+y^2 before anti-aliasing. 1804: 1805: -g2 -d dumps a .pgm-formatted portable graphic image to stdout. 1806: Note that this is the bytemap image _after_ anti-aliasing. 1807: 1808: -g2 -e export_file Like -g2 -d but writes the .pgm-formatted 1809: portable graphic image directly to export_file, e.g., 1810: ./mimetex -g3 -e expression.pgm "x^2+y^2" 1811: creates file expression.pgm containing a bytemap image 1812: of x^2+y^2 after anti-aliasing. 1813: 1814: -m msglevel 0-99, controls verbosity/message level for 1815: debugging output (usually used only while testing code). 1816: 1817: -o Rather than the default transparent gif background, 1818: the rendered image will contain black symbols on an 1819: opaque white background (or vice versa if compiled 1820: with -DWHITE). For example, if you have ImageMagick's 1821: display utility, 1822: ./mimetex -o -d "x^2+y^2" | display & 1823: opens a small window containing the rendered expression. 1824: (Note: if you already compiled mimeTeX with -DOPAQUE 1825: then -o renders images on a transparent background.) 1826: 1827: -s fontsize 0-7, font size. Font size can also be specified 1828: within the expression by a directive, e.g., \Large f(x)=x^2 1829: displays f(x)=x^2 at font size 4, overriding -s. 1830: Default font size is 3. 1831: </pre> 1832: 1833: 1834: 1835:  1838: <h1> <a name="reference"> (III) Syntax Reference   </a> </h1> 1839: 1840: Since mimeTeX's syntax is as TeX-like as possible, we'll mostly discuss 1841: the occasional differences. 1842:  1844: This section contains short paragraphs that each discuss some aspect 1845: of mimeTeX where your LaTeX experience might not be precisely 1846: duplicated. 1847: 1848: Anything not discussed here that still doesn't behave like you expect 1849: is probably just not implemented. That includes (La)TeX packages 1850: (though a few ams commands like \begin{gather} and \begin{pmatrix} 1851: are recognized), non-standard fonts, etc. You can try out any 1852: questionable syntax by <a href="#forminput">Submit</a>ting a query 1853: to quickly see whether or not it works. And you might want to 1854: occasionally re-browse the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> above, 1855: which may better illustrate implemented features. 1856: 1857: 1858: <h2> <a name="spaces"> (IIIa) \unitlength{ }, Math Spaces and Whitespace 1859:   </a> </h2> 1860: 1861: <h3> <a name="unitlength">\unitlength...</a> </h3> 1862: 1863: Lengths in mimeTeX are all ultimately expressed in number of pixels. 1864: Various commands discussed below require length arguments, including 1865: <ul> 1866: <li> <a href="#mathspace">\hspace{ }</a> </li> 1867: <li> <a href="#mathspace">\hfill{ }</a> </li> 1868: <li> <a href="#raiserotate">\raisebox{ }{ }</a> </li> 1869: <li> <a href="#circleline">\line( , )</a> and 1870: <a href="#circleline">\circle( , )</a> </li> 1871: <li> <a href="#arrows">\longrightarrow[ ]</a> </li> 1872: </ul> 1873: (the \longxxxarrow [ ]-arguments are optional mimeTeX 1874: extensions to LaTeX)   MimeTeX's length-type arguments never 1875: take units, e.g., {10pt} and {1cm} are both invalid. Lengths always 1876: refer to number of pixels, optionally scaled by a user-specified 1877: \unitlength. 1878: 1879: MimeTeX's \unitlength{ } command lets you specify 1880: the number of pixels per "length unit", e.g., 1881: \unitlength{10} \hspace{2.5} renders a 25-pixel space. 1882: Both \unitlength{ } and \hspace{ }'s 1883: length arguments may be integers or may contain decimal points. 1884: Ditto for all other mimeTeX commands that take length arguments. 1885: The default \unitlength is, you guessed it, 1. 1886: 1887: A specified \unitlength applies to all subsequent terms, 1888: i.e., everything to its right. And several \unitlength's 1889: may be specified in the same expression, each one overriding 1890: those to its left. But if one or more \unitlength's 1891: appear within a { }-enclosed subexpression, then terms 1892: following its closing right } revert to the \unitlength 1893: in effect before its opening left {. For example, <center> 1894: A\hspace{10} {\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C} \hspace{10}D 1895:   produces   1896: <a href="#preview"><img id="unitlength1" onclick="eqntext('unitlength1')" 1897: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\hspace{10} 1898: {\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C}\hspace{10}D" 1899: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 1900: which has a 10-pixel space between A and B, then 1901: 25 pixels between B and C, and finally 1902: another 10 pixels between C and D. 1903: 1904: <h3> <a name="mathspace">Math Spaces...</a> </h3> 1905: 1906: Except inside <a href="#textboxes">text boxes</a>, 1907: unescaped blanks, tildes (a ~), and all other usual 1908: <a href="#whitespace">whitespace</a> characters are completely 1909: ignored by mimeTeX, just like they are in LaTeX math mode. 1910: As usual, you must explicitly write one of the recognized math 1911: spaces to put extra visible space in your rendered expressions. 1912: 1913: MimeTeX recognizes math spaces \/ \, \: \; 1914: as well as \quad and \qquad , 1915: and also a backslashed blank   1916: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?1$\backsl\raise{-5}{\rotate{-90}]}" 1917: alt="" border=0 align=middle>   1918: (i.e., a \ followed by a blank). 1919: For example,   1920: (a\/b\,c\:d\;e\  f\quad  g\qquad  h) 1921: &nbsp renders   1922: <a href="#preview"><img id="spacing2" onclick="eqntext('spacing2')" 1923: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?(a\/b\,c\:d\;e\ f\quad g\qquad h)" 1924: alt="" border=0 align="middle"></a>. 1925: In mimeTeX, you may also write   \hspace{10}   1926: to insert a 10-pixel (or any other number) space, scaled by any 1927: preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, as illustrated 1928: just above. 1929: 1930: For negative spaces,   \!   produces a small (two 1931: pixel) negative space, e.g.,   a=b   renders   1932: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom"> 1933:   whereas   a\!=b   renders   1934: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a\!=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom"> 1935:   and   a\!\!=b   renders   1936: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a\!\!=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom">. 1937: For large negative space,   \hspace{-10}   permits 1938: a negative argument. But it stops at the first pixel to its left 1939: rather than "erasing" pixels. If you don't want to stop, use 1940:   \hspace*{-10}   instead. For example, 1941:   ABC\hspace*{-20}-DEF   renders   1942: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?ABC\hspace*{-20}-DEF" 1943: alt="" border=0 align="bottom">,   erasing all of the C 1944: and the right half of the B. 1945: 1946:  1953: 1954: MimeTeX also supports \hfill{textwidth}, where 1955: textwidth is roughly equivalent to LaTeX's 1956: \textwidth, i.e., it's the total number of pixels, scaled by 1957: <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, that your entire rendered 1958: expression will span. However, if \hfill{ } appears 1959: within a { }-enclosed subexpression, then it applies 1960: only to that subexpression. For example, <center> 1961: {abc \hfill{75} def} \hfill{150} ghi 1962:     produces     1963: <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace1" onclick="eqntext('mathspace1')" 1964: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large{abc\hfill{75}def}\hfill{150}ghi" 1965: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 1966: The first/inner \hfill{75} inserts exactly enough whitespace so 1967: that subexpression "abc  def" spans 75 pixels. 1968: Then the second/outer \hfill{150} inserts exactly enough 1969: whitespace so that the entire expression spans 150 pixels. 1970: Without explicit { }-nesting, mimeTeX evaluates expressions 1971: left-to-right (sinistrally), e.g., ...\hfill{150}...\hfill{75}... 1972: is exactly equivalent to ...\hfill{150}{...\hfill{75}...}. 1973: Notice that, this time, the second/right textwidth 1974: argument is necessarily smaller than the first/left. 1975: 1976: Finally, mimeTeX begins a new line whenever you write \\ . 1977: And you may optionally write \\[10] to put a 10-pixel (or any 1978: other number) vertical space, scaled by 1979: <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, between lines. 1980: <a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> also splits long 1981: equations over several lines, as illustrated by 1982: <a href="#example10">Example 10</a> above. 1983: But when that's not the best solution, you can also write, 1984: for example, <center> 1985: y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h 1986:     to produce     1987: <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace2" onclick="eqntext('mathspace2')" 1988: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h" 1989: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 1990: 1991: However, mimeTeX can't correctly handle automatically-sized delimiters 1992: across linebreaks, e.g., <center> 1993: y=\left\{a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\right\} 1994:     produces     1995: <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace3" onclick="eqntext('mathspace3')" 1996: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\{a+b+c+d\\ 1997: \hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 1998: whereas you probably wanted         1999: <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace4" onclick="eqntext('mathspace4')" 2000: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\big{a+b+c+d\\ 2001: \hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\big}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 2002: </center> 2003: which I produced using \big{...\\...\big} instead 2004: of \left\{...\\...\right\}. Expressions of the 2005: form \left...\right \\ \left...\right should all be 2006: rendered properly. It's only \left...\\...\right that will 2007: look odd. 2008: 2009: <h3> <a name="whitespace">Whitespace, Comments, 2010: and some other characters...</a> </h3> 2011: 2012: Some browsers occasionally misinterpret typed blank spaces 2013: inside html query_string's. In that case, you can write 2014: tildes (a ~) wherever blanks are required or desired, 2015: e.g., \alpha~w instead of \alpha w, or 2016: \frac~xy or \sqrt~z, etc. MimeTeX correctly 2017: interprets both blanks and ~'s, and all 2018: other usual whitespace characters. So use whatever's convenient 2019: as long as it's correctly interpreted inside query_string's by your 2020: browser. 2021: 2022: Similarly, some browsers occasionally misinterpret linebreaks/newlines 2023: inside the middle of long html query_string's. 2024: For example, 2025: <pre><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} 2026: \int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt" 2027: alt="" border=0 align=middle> </pre> 2028: breaks a long query_string over two lines. If your browser interprets 2029: this correctly, then mimeTeX will render it correctly, too. Otherwise, 2030: you'll have to enter long expressions on one big long line. 2031: 2032: If you can break long query_string's over several lines, then you may 2033: find mimeTeX's %%comments%% feature useful, too. Note that 2034: comments must be preceded and followed by two %'s 2035: rather than LaTeX's usual one. The above example could be written 2036: <pre><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} %%normalization%% 2037: \int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt %%integral%%" 2038: alt="" border=0 align=middle> </pre> 2039: 2040: Besides whitespace, browsers may misinterpret embedded apostrophes, 2041: and especially quotes, within query strings. The a's and 2042: b's in <a href="#example7">Example 7</a> above actually use 2043: superscripted commas for apostrophes, i.e., a^,s and b^,s, 2044: and you can also use LaTeX \prime's, as in a^\prime s. 2045: For quotes, you can use ^{,,} since " almost certainly 2046: won't work. To help make things easier, in addition to the usual 2047: LaTeX \prime, mimeTeX also recognizes \apostrophe and 2048: \quote and \percent, all with the obvious meanings. 2049: 2050: 2051: <h2> <a name="symbols"> (IIIb) Math Symbols, Sizes, and Modes   </a></h2> 2052: 2053: <h3> <a name="characters">Character Sets...</a> </h3> 2054: 2055: For complete information about the characters and math symbols 2056: available in mimeTeX, you'll need to browse through the bottom 2057: 500-or-so lines of mimetex.h. And several additional 2058: symbols like \ldots and \AA and \hbar are 2059: defined by the mimeTeX preprocessor, function mimeprep( ) 2060: in mimetex.c     Generally speaking, I've tried to 2061: encode the cmr10, cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10, cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10, 2062: stmary10 and wncyr10 families with "names", e.g., \alpha \beta 2063: \forall \sqcup, etc, identical to your LaTeX expectations. 2064: For example, the calligraphic symbols in cmsy10 are accessed by 2065: writing \mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{XYZ}. Similarly, 2066: write \mathbf{A} for the cmmib fonts, write \mathscr{A} 2067: for rsfs10, write \mathbb{R} for bbold10, and write 2068: {\cyr Khrushchev} or \cyr{Khrushchev} to see 2069: <a href="#preview"><img id="cyrillic1" onclick="eqntext('cyrillic1')" 2070: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\cyr Khrushchev" 2071: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2072: Most LaTeX distributions supply stmaryrd.dvi and stmaryrd.sty 2073: that both document the names of the stmary10 symbols. 2074: Similarly, amsfndoc.dvi documents the names of the wncyr10 2075: cyrillic symbols and ligatures. 2076:  2086: I haven't exhaustively checked all the name-number matchings for 2087: the hundreds of symbols in mimetex.h. You can eaily correct 2088: any minor mistake you find in what I hope is an obvious manner. 2089: The fonts <a href="#fonts">Appendix IVa</a> below provides 2090: additional information. 2091: 2092: In addition to extra LaTeX symbols like \ldots, \AA 2093: and \hbar, mentioned above, the mimeTeX preprocessor 2094: mimeprep( ) also recognizes various html special 2095: characters like &lt;, &gt;, &nbsp;, 2096: &quot;, &amp;, etc. Some web tools apparently 2097: translate characters like, e.g., > to &gt;, 2098: even inside quoted query_string's, so mimeTeX's preprocessor 2099: translates them back to LaTeX symbols for you. Moreover, html 2100: misinterprets quotes  "  inside a quoted 2101: query string as the end of the query string. So, for example, 2102: the cyrillic ligature \"E has to be written in the 2103: even more cumbersome form \&quot;E inside a query 2104: string. 2105: 2106: <h3> <a name="sizes">Font Sizes...</a> </h3> 2107: 2108: MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes, numbered 0-7, with default 3. 2109: This font size numbering corresponds to the usual LaTeX directives 2110:   \tiny,   \small,   \normalsize, 2111:   \large (default),   \Large,   2112: \LARGE,   \huge and \Huge. 2113: These directives can be placed anywhere in a mimeTeX expression, 2114: and they change font size from that point forwards. However, as usual, 2115: a font size change inside a { }-subexpression remains 2116: in effect only within that subexpression. 2117: 2118: In mimeTeX you may also write \fontsize{0}...\fontsize{7} or 2119: the shorter \fs{0},...,\fs{7} for \tiny,...,\Huge. 2120: And since these arguments are all single digits, the even shorter 2121: form \fs0,...,\fs7 works equally well. For example, 2122: <center> <table cellpadding=0> 2123: <tr align=center> 2124: <td align="left"> 0:   2125: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\tiny f(x)=x^2"> 2126:   produces... </td> 2127: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes0" onclick="eqntext('sizes0')" 2128: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\tiny f(x)=x^2" 2129: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2130: <tr align=center> 2131: <td align="left"> 1:   2132: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs1 f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2133: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')" 2134: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs1 f(x)=x^2" 2135: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2136: <tr align=center> 2137: <td align="left"> 2:   2138: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2139: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')" 2140: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f(x)=x^2" 2141: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2142: <tr align=center> 2143: <td align="left"> 3:   2144: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2145: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes3" onclick="eqntext('sizes3')" 2146: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=x^2" 2147: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2148: <tr align=center> 2149: <td align="left"> 4:   2150: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2151: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')" 2152: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f(x)=x^2" 2153: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2154: <tr align=center> 2155: <td align="left"> 5:   2156: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs5 f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2157: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')" 2158: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs5f(x)=x^2" 2159: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2160: <tr align=center> 2161: <td align="left"> 6:   2162: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\huge f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2163: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')" 2164: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\huge f(x)=x^2" 2165: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2166: <tr align=center> 2167: <td align="left"> 7:   2168: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs7 f(x)=x^2"> </td> 2169: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')" 2170: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs7 f(x)=x^2" 2171: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr> 2172: </table> </center> 2173: rendering f(x)=x^2 in mimeTeX font sizes   2174: 0 (\tiny or \fs0),   1 (\small or \fs1),   2175: 2 (\normalsize or \fs2),   3 (default \large),   2176: 4 (\Large or \fs4),   5 (\LARGE or \fs5),   2177: 6 (\huge or \fs6)   and   7 (\Huge or \fs7). 2178: 2179: You'll soon notice that exponents and \frac's and \atop's 2180: are automatically rendered one size smaller than their base 2181: expressions. For example, <center> 2182: \Large y=e^{x^2}   produces   2183: <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')" 2184: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{x^2}" 2185: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2186: rendering the "y=e" in font size 4 (\Large), the "x" in 2187: font size 3 (\large), and the "2" in font size 2 (\normalsize). 2188: If you get below font size 0, the font size remains 0. 2189: 2190: Explicit size declarations override mimeTeX's default sizing behavior. 2191: You can rewrite the preceding example as, say, <center> 2192: \Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}   which now produces 2193:   <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')" 2194: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}" 2195: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2196: rendering the "y=e" in font size 4 (\Large unchanged), 2197: the "x" in font size 2 (\normalsize), and the "2" 2198: in font size 0 (\tiny). 2199: 2200: Preceding an \fs{ } size argument with + or 2201: - specifies "relative" sizing. For example, 2202: \large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi} produces 2203: <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')" 2204: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi}" 2205: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, rendering the "def" 2206: in font size 1 (two sizes smaller than \large). Note that 2207: \fs{-2} affects only the subexpression in which it appears, 2208: and that its braces are no longer optional since -2 contains 2209: two characters. For exponents (or any other size-changing commands 2210: like \frac), <center> 2211: \Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}   produces   2212: <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')" 2213: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}" 2214: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2215: rendering the "y=e" in font size 4 (\Large), as usual. 2216: The "x" would usually be rendered one size smaller, 2217: in font size 3, and your \fs{-1} is applied to that, 2218: resulting in font size 2. And the final "2" is rendered, 2219: by the usual rules, one size smaller than the "x", 2220: in font size 1. 2221: 2222: <h3> <a name="modes">Modes...</a> </h3> 2223: 2224: MimeTeX is always in a math-like mode, so you needn't surround 2225: expressions with $...$'s for \textstyle, 2226: or $$...$$'s for \displaystyle. 2227:  2231: By default, operator limits like \int_a^b are rendered 2232: \textstyle <a href="#preview"> 2233: <img id="modes99a" onclick="eqntext('modes99a')" 2234: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\int_a^b" 2235: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes \normalsize 2236: and smaller, and rendered \displaystyle <a href="#preview"> 2237: <img id="modes99b" onclick="eqntext('modes99b')" 2238: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b" 2239: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes \large and 2240: larger (see the -DDISPLAYSIZE 2241: <a href="#options">compile option</a> to change this default). 2242: And when \displaystyle is invoked (either implicitly at font size 2243: \large or larger, or if you explicitly write \displaystyle 2244: at any font size), then operators \int, \sum, 2245: \prod, etc, are automatically promoted to larger sizes. 2246:  2247:  2249:  2251: For example, <center> 2252:  2257: \normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2 2258:     produces     2259: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes2a" onclick="eqntext('modes2a')" 2260: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" 2261: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>,   whereas 2262: \displaystyle \normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2 2263:  produces  2264: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')" 2265: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2266: \normalsize\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" 2267: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, </center> 2268: and  <center> 2270: \large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2   produces   2271: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')" 2272: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" 2273: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>,   whereas 2274: \textstyle \large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2 2275:     produces     2276: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes2b" onclick="eqntext('modes2b')" 2277: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\textstyle\large 2278: \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2279:  </center> 2280: 2281: As usual, \nolimits turns displaystyle off (or textstyle on) 2282: for the operator immediately preceding it. For example, <center> 2283: \large \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2 2284:   produces   2285: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes3" onclick="eqntext('modes3')" 2286: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2287: \large\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" 2288: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a></center> 2289: and likewise, \limits turns displaystyle on for the operator 2290: immediately preceding it. For example, <center> 2291: \normalsize \sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2 2292:   produces   2293: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes4" onclick="eqntext('modes4')" 2294: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2295: \normalsize\sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" 2296: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2297: 2298: By the way, \limits affects _any_ character 2299: or subexpression immediately preceding it. For example, <center> 2300: A^i_j   produces   2301: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes5" onclick="eqntext('modes5')" 2302: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A^i_j" 2303: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>     as usual, whereas 2304: A\limits^i_j   produces   2305: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes6" onclick="eqntext('modes6')" 2306: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\limits^i_j" 2307: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   instead. </center> 2308: Likewise, for subexpressions, <center> 2309: \widehat{xyz}\limits^a   produces   2310: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes7" onclick="eqntext('modes7')" 2311: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\widehat{xyz}\limits^a" 2312: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2313: This side effect may occasionally be useful. For example, <center> 2314: x\rightarrow\limits^gy   produces   2315: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes8" onclick="eqntext('modes8')" 2316: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\rightarrow\limits^gy" 2317: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2318: (mimeTeX automatically centers super/subscripts above/below 2319: the long and Long <a href="#arrows">arrow</a> forms) 2320: 2321: The \displaystyle command turns on displaystyle math mode for 2322: the entire expression (or { }-enclosed subexpression), 2323: affecting _all_ super/subscripts to the right 2324: of the \displaystyle, except for character classes Ordinary and 2325: Variable (TeXbook page 154). Similarly, \textstyle turns 2326: off displaystyle math mode. For example, <center> 2327: \sum_1^n {\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j} \sum_1^m 2328:   produces   2329: <a href="#preview"><img id="modes9" onclick="eqntext('modes9')" 2330: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_1^n 2331: {\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j}\sum_1^m" 2332: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2333: Note that \sum's within the subexpression are all affected by 2334: the beginning \displaystyle, but not the Variable x_i^j. 2335: An explicit x\limits_i^j always affects any preceding term. 2336: 2337: <h3> <a name="textboxes">text boxes...</a> </h3> 2338: 2339: Finally, mimeTeX also has a text-like/roman mode 2340: entered by writing either \text{anything at all} 2341: or the equivalent LaTeX-2.09-like command 2342: {\rm anything at all}, both of which render 2343: anything at all in roman (font family cmr10). 2344: \mbox{ } and several similar LaTeX commands are 2345: recognized by mimeTeX as synonyms for \text{ }. 2346: For italic, write \textit{anything at all} or 2347: {\it anything at all}, both of which render 2348: anything at all in italic (font family cmmi10). 2349: All four forms respect spaces between words, except that the 2350: first/required space after {\rm etc} and 2351: {\it etc} is still ignored.  For example, <center> 2354: anything at all   just produces   2355: <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes1" onclick="eqntext('textboxes1')" 2356: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize anything at all" 2357: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>     whereas 2358: \text{anything at all}   produces   2359: <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes2" onclick="eqntext('textboxes2')" 2360: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\text{anything at all}" 2361: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>     and 2362: \textit{anything at all}   produces   2363: <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes3" onclick="eqntext('textboxes3')" 2364: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textit{anything at all}" 2365: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>     instead. </center> 2366: 2367: You don't usually surround mimeTeX expressions with $'s, 2368: but that works in the usual way for \text{ } and 2369: \mbox{ }, rendering the $...$-enclosed 2370: subexpression in mathmode. For example, <center> 2371: n=\left\{m/2\text{    if $m$ even} 2372: \$m+1)/2\text{  if $m$ odd}\right. 2373:   produces   2374: <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes9" onclick="eqntext('textboxes9')" 2375: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2376: n=\left\{m/2\text{ if $m$ even}\\(m+1)/2\text{ if $m$ odd}\right." 2377: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2378: 2379: 2380: <h2> <a name="delimiters"> (IIIc) Delimiters   </a> </h2> 2381: 2382: <h3> <a name="parens">Parentheses and Braces 2383: (delimiters)...</a> </h3> 2384: 2385: LaTeX's \left( ... \right) and the other 21 2386: standard LaTeX delimiters are also recognized by mimeTeX. 2387: And mimeTeX also recognizes an etex-like \middle.   2388:  2397:  Several of the most common automatically sized delimiters 2403: are illustrated below... <center> 2404:  2405: <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1> 2406: <tr align=center> 2407:  2408: <td> Delimiter </td> 2409:  2410: <td> example... </td> 2411: <td> ...renders </td> 2412: </tr> 2413: <tr align=center> 2414: <td> \left( ... \right) </td> 2415:  2416: <td> \left( \frac1{1-x^2} \right)^2 </td> 2417: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens1" onclick="eqntext('parens1')" 2418: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left(\frac1{1-x^2}\right)^2" 2419: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2420: </tr> 2421: <tr align=center> 2422: <td> \left[ ... \right] </td> 2423:  2424: <td> \left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n </td> 2425: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens2" onclick="eqntext('parens2')" 2426: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large 2427: \left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n" 2428: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2429: </tr> 2430: <tr align=center> 2431: <td> \left\{ ... \right\} </td> 2432:  2433: <td> \left\{ 1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots \right\} </td> 2434: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens3" onclick="eqntext('parens3')" 2435: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2436: \large\left\{1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots\right\}" 2437: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2438: </tr> 2439: <tr align=center> 2440: <td> \left\langle   ... 2441:         ...  \right\rangle </td> 2442:  2443: <td> \left\langle \varphi \middle| \hat H 2444:         \middle| \phi \right\rangle </td> 2445: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens4" onclick="eqntext('parens4')" 2446: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large 2447: \left\langle\varphi\middle|\hat H\middle|\phi\right\rangle" 2448: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2449: </tr> 2450: <tr align=center> 2451: <td> \left| ... \right| </td> 2452:  2453: <td> \left| \begin{matrix} a_1 & a_2 \\ 2454:       a_3 & a_4 \end{matrix} \right|</td> 2455: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens5" onclick="eqntext('parens5')" 2456: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 2457: \left|\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2\\a_3&a_4\end{matrix}\right|" 2458: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2459: </tr> 2460: <tr align=center> 2461: <td> \left\| ... \right\| </td> 2462:  2463: <td> \left\|x^2-y^2\right\| </td> 2464: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens6" onclick="eqntext('parens6')" 2465: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\left\|x^2-y^2\right\|" 2466: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2467: </tr> 2468: <tr align=center> 2469: <td> \left\{ ...  2470: \right. </td> 2471:  2472: <td> y=\left\{ \text{this\\that} 2473: \right. </td> 2474: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens7" onclick="eqntext('parens7')" 2475: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2476: \large y=\left\{\text{this\\that}\right." 2477: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2478: </tr> 2479: <tr align=center> 2480: <td> \left. 2481:  ... \right\} </td> 2482:  2483: <td> \left. 2484: \text{this\\that} \right\}=y </td> 2485: <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens8" onclick="eqntext('parens8')" 2486: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2487: \large\left.\text{this\\that}\right\}=y" 2488: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> 2489: </tr> 2490: </table> </center> 2491: Notes...  2492: <ol compact type=1> 2493:  2495: <li> <a href="#sizes">Size declarations</a> inside any of the 2496: above delimiter pairs affect only the enclosed subexpression, 2497: e.g., \Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z produces 2498: <a href="#preview"><img id="parens9" onclick="eqntext('parens9')" 2499: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z" 2500: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li> 2501: <li> An expression may contain as many etex-like \middle's as 2502: you like, and in mimeTeX the surrounding \left...\right 2503: isn't required. When omitted, the scope of \middle is 2504: either the entire expression or the   { }-enclosed 2505: subexpression in which the \middle's occur. For example,   2506: \frac{a+1}b \middle/ \middle(\frac{c+1}d \middle/ \frac{e+1}f\middle) 2507:   renders   2508: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 2509: \frac{a+1}b\middle/\middle(\frac{c+1}d\middle/\frac{e+1}f\middle)" 2510: border=0 align=middle>. </li> 2511: <li> In the last two examples, note that mimeTeX recognizes the 2512:   \\   in   \text{this\\that}   2513: as a linebreak. For example, x=1\\y=2\\z=3 renders   2514: <a href="#preview"><img id="parens9b" onclick="eqntext('parens9b')" 2515: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small x=1\\y=2\\z=3" 2516: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li> 2517:  2522:  2529:  2541:  2545:  2551:  2558: </ol> 2559: 2560: Besides the \left...\right delimiters discussed above, 2561: mimeTeX also supports constructions like 2562: \left\int_a^b...\right. , which automatically 2563: sizes the \left\int to accommodate everything between it 2564: and its matching \right.   delimiter. 2565: The \right delimiter needn't necessarily be 2566: the \right.   illustrated, e.g., 2567: \left\int_a^b x^2dx =\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b 2568: produces 2569: <a href="#preview"><img id="parens11" onclick="eqntext('parens11')" 2570: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 2571: \left\int_a^bx^2dx=\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b" border=0 alt="" 2572: align=middle></a>.  2576: You can also write \left\sum, \left\prod, 2577: \left\cup, etc, for many of the symbols in CMEX10 and STMARY10. 2578: And any symbol that works with \left will also work 2579: with \right .  2583: 2584: Unescaped ( )'s and [ ]'s and | |'s 2585: and < >'s don't need to be balanced since mimeTeX just 2586: displays them like ordinary characters without any special significance. 2587: Ditto for the usual four \big( and \Big( and \bigg( 2588: and \Bigg(, and for their four right ) counterparts, which 2589: just display (...)'s at fixed larger sizes, and also have no 2590: special significance. All four big [ ]'s and 2591: < >'s and { }'s are also available 2592: as ordinary characters. 2593: 2594: As usual, unescaped {...}'s aren't displayed at all, 2595: must be balanced, and have the usual special LaTeX significance. 2596: MimeTeX interprets escaped \{...\}'s as abbreviations 2597: for \left\{...\right\} and therefore always sizes them to fit. 2598: If you need displayed but unsized {...}'s, write 2599: \lbrace...\rbrace or any of the four \big{...\big}'s. 2600: 2601: 2602: <h2> <a name="accents"> (IIId) Accents, Functions, Arrows, 2603: Raise and rotate, Compose, Abbreviations, etc.   </a> </h2> 2604: 2605: <h3> Accents... </h3> 2606: 2607: 2608: \vec{ } \hat{ } \bar{ } \tilde{ } \dot{ } 2609: \ddot{&nbsp}   and   \acute{ } \grave{ } 2610: \breve{ } \check{&nbsp} are the only accents currently 2611: supported. The first four are all "wide". For example, you can write 2612: \widehat{ } if you like, but there's absolutely no 2613: difference either way (and \bar{ } and 2614: \overline{ } are identical). The last four accents 2615: only take a single character argument. 2616: 2617: Other accent-like directives available in mimeTeX are   2618: \underline{ } \cancel{ } \sout{ },   2619: as well as   2620: \overset{ }{ }   \underset{ }{ }   2621: and the more ususal   2622: \overbrace{ }^{ }   \underbrace{ }_{ }. 2623:   And \not also works on the single character immediately 2624: following it. Some of these directives are discussed in more detail 2625: below. 2626: 2627: <h3> <a name="functions">Function names...</a> </h3> 2628: 2629: All 32 usual LaTeX function names \arccos,...,\tanh 2630: are recognized by mimeTeX and treated in the usual way. MimeTeX 2631: also recognizes \tr for the trace, and also \bmod 2632: and \pmod. And those functions that normally take "limits" 2633: also behave as expected, e.g., <center> 2634: \lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S   produces   2635: <a href="#preview"><img id="functions1" onclick="eqntext('functions1')" 2636: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S" 2637: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2638: 2639: <h3> <a name="arrows">long Arrows...</a> </h3> 2640: 2641: All mimeTeX \long and \Long arrows take an optional [width] argument 2642: that explicitly sets the arrow's width in pixels, scaled by 2643: <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. For example, 2644: \longrightarrow[50] draws a 50-pixel wide arrow 2645: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows1" onclick="eqntext('arrows1')" 2646: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow[50]" alt="" border=0 2647: align=middle></a>, whereas just \longrightarrow calculates 2648: a default width 2649: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows2" onclick="eqntext('arrows2')" 2650: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow" alt="" border=0 2651: align=middle></a>, as usual. And, in addition to the usual 2652: right, left and leftright arrows, there are also \long (and \Long) up, 2653: down and updown arrows that take an optional [height] argument, also 2654: scaled by any preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. 2655: 2656: In the event that you actually want to place an []-enclosed expression 2657: immediately following an "unsized" long arrow, just place a ~ or 2658: any white space after the arrow, e.g., f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1] 2659: produces 2660: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows3" onclick="eqntext('arrows3')" 2661: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1]" 2662: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. Without any intervening white space, 2663: mimeTeX would have "eaten" the [0,1]. 2664: 2665: Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long left/right arrows 2666: are displayed the same way <a href="#modes">\limits</a> displays them, 2667: e.g., <center> 2668: x\longrightarrow^gy   produces   2669: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows4" onclick="eqntext('arrows4')" 2670: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow^gy" 2671: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 2672: x\longrightarrow[50]^gy   produces   2673: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows5" onclick="eqntext('arrows5')" 2674: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow[50]^gy" 2675: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2676: Subscripted long arrows can occasionally be useful, too, as in 2677: <a href="#example11">Example 11</a> above, e.g., <center> 2678: u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta v   produces   2679: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows6" onclick="eqntext('arrows6')" 2680: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta^{\,}v" 2681: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2682: To defeat this default behavior, e.g., \longrightarrow\nolimits^g 2683: displays super/subscripts in the usual way. 2684: 2685: Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long up/down arrows 2686: are treated correspondingly, i.e., superscripts are vertically 2687: centered to the arrow's left, and subscripts to its right. 2688: For example, <center> 2689: \longuparrow[30]^\gamma   produces   2690: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows7" onclick="eqntext('arrows7')" 2691: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longuparrow[30]^\gamma" 2692: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 2693: \longdownarrow[30]_\gamma   produces       2694: <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows8" onclick="eqntext('arrows8')" 2695: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longdownarrow[30]_\gamma" 2696: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2697: whose occasional usefulness is also illustrated by 2698: <a href="#example11">Example 11</a>. And as before, to defeat 2699: this default behavior, e.g., \longuparrow\nolimits^\gamma 2700: displays super/subscripts in the usual way. 2701: 2702: <h3> <a name="raiserotate">\raisebox{ }{ } and 2703: \rotatebox{ }{ } and \reflectbox[ ]{ } 2704: ...</a> </h3> 2705: 2706: The \raisebox{height}{expression} 2707: and \rotatebox{angle}{expression} 2708: and \reflectbox[axis]{expression} 2709: commands help you fine-tune and manipulate mimeTeX renderings: 2710: <ul> 2711: <li> \raisebox's height argument is number 2712: of pixels, scaled by <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, 2713: and can be positive or negative. </li> 2714: <li> \rotatebox's angle argument is number 2715: of degrees, and can also be positive (for clockwise) or 2716: negative, but must be a multiple of 90. </li> 2717: <li> \reflectbox's optional axis argument 2718: defaults to 1 if not given, which reflects horizontally 2719: (the usual LaTeX behavior), or reflects vertically if 2720: specified as 2. </li> 2721: <li> For all three commands, the expression 2722: can be any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression. </li> 2723: </ul> 2724: For example, mimeTeX's preprocessor 2725: defines the LaTeX ?` symbol, an upside-down question 2726: mark, like <center> 2727: abc\raisebox{-2}{\rotatebox{180}?}def   produces   2728: <a href="#preview"><img id="raiserot1" onclick="eqntext('raiserot1')" 2729: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2730: \large\rm abc\raiseb{-2}{\rotateb{180}{\LARGE?}}def" 2731: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2732: Using \reflectbox[2]{ } instead of 2733: \rotatebox{180}{ } would result in the slightly 2734: different <center> 2735: abc\raisebox{-2}{\reflectbox[2]?}def   produces   2736: <a href="#preview"><img id="raiserot2" onclick="eqntext('raiserot2')" 2737: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2738: \large\rm abc\raiseb{-2}{\reflectb[2]{\LARGE?}}def" 2739: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2740: 2741: <h3> <a name="compose">\compose{ }{ }...</a></h3> 2742: 2743: 2744: \compose[offset]{base}{overlay} 2745: superimposes the overlay expression on top of the 2746: base expression, displaying the result. 2747: Optionally, the overlay is horizontally offset 2748: by the specified number of pixels (positive offsets to the right, 2749: negative to the left). For example, <center> 2750: \compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}   produces   2751: <a href="#preview"><img id="compose1" onclick="eqntext('compose1')" 2752: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}" 2753: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2754: 2755: Separately or in some judicious combination, \compose and 2756: \raisebox and \rotatebox and \reflectbox 2757: should help you construct special symbols not "natively" available 2758: with mimeTeX's limited set of built-in font families. 2759: This can be especially useful in conjunction with the 2760: -DNEWCOMMANDS compile-time 2761: <a href="#options">option</a> discussed above. 2762: 2763: <h3> <a name="rule">\rule{ }{ }...</a></h3> 2764: 2765: 2766: \rule{width}{height} behaves in the usual way, 2767: rendering a black rectangle width pixels wide and 2768: height pixels high, with its base on the established 2769: baseline. For example, <center> 2770: \frac12xyz\rule{10}{20}ghi   produces   2771: <a href="#preview"><img id="rule1" onclick="eqntext('rule1')" 2772: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule{10}{20}ghi" 2773: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2774: 2775: The mimeTeX version of \rule has an optional 2776: [lift] argument, so that its full form is 2777: \rule[lift]{width}{height}. 2778: lift moves the rule's baseline by the specified 2779: number of pixels, up if positive or down if negative. 2780: For example, <center> 2781: \frac12xyz\rule[5]{10}{20}ghi   produces   2782: <a href="#preview"><img id="rule2" onclick="eqntext('rule2')" 2783: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule[5]{10}{20}ghi" 2784: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   and 2785: \frac12xyz\rule[-15]{10}{20}ghi   produces   2786: <a href="#preview"><img id="rule3" onclick="eqntext('rule3')" 2787: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule[-15]{10}{20}ghi" 2788: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2789: 2790: <h3> <a name="abbreviations">Abbreviations...</a> </h3> 2791: 2792: 2793: \ga displays \gamma, but just \g displays 2794: \gg (>>). That is, mimeTeX selects the 2795: shortest symbol or command which begins with whatever you type. 2796: This feature can help shorten an otherwise very long line, 2797: but it may be a bit dangerous. 2798: 2799: The mimeTeX <a href="#symbols">preprocessor</a>, briefly mentioned 2800: above, is responsible for recognizing several LaTeX symbols like 2801: \ldots and several commands like \atop . 2802: These symbols and commands cannot be abbreviated. The special 2803: html characters like &nbsp; are also recognized by 2804: the preprocessor and cannot be abbreviated. 2805: 2806: <h3> <a name="colors">Colors...</a> </h3> 2807: 2808: Rudimentary color commands are provided by mimeTeX. You can write 2809: \color{red} or \color{green} or\color{blue} 2810: (which may be abbreviated \red or \green or 2811: \blue) anywhere in an expression to render the entire 2812: expression in the specified color. That is, 2813: abc{\red def}ghi renders the entire expression red, 2814: not just the def part. Also, note that mimeTeX's "green" 2815: is actually color #00FF00, which the html standard more 2816: accurately calls "lime". For example, <center> 2817: \blue e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}   produces   2818: <a href="#preview"><img id="colors1" onclick="eqntext('colors1')" 2819: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 2820: \Large\color{blue} e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" 2821: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2822: 2823: <h3> <a name="smash">"Smash"...</a> </h3> 2824: 2825: TeX represents characters by boxes, with no idea how ink will be 2826: distributed inside. So an expression like 2827: \frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx is typically rendered as   2828: <a href="#preview"><img id="smash1" onclick="eqntext('smash1')" 2829: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 2830: \nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}" 2831: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2832: But mimeTeX knows the character shapes of its fonts, and therefore tries 2833: to remove extra whitespace, rendering the same expression as   2834: <a href="#preview"><img id="smash2" onclick="eqntext('smash2')" 2835: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 2836: \smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx" 2837: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   instead. 2838: 2839: Precede any expression with the mimeTeX directive \nosmash 2840: to render it without "smashing". Or compile mimetex.c with the 2841: -DNOSMASH <a href="#options">option</a> if you prefer 2842: the typical TeX behavior as mimeTeX's default. In this case, 2843: precede any expression with \smash to render it "smashed". 2844: And note that explicit space like \hspace{10} 2845: or \; , etc, is never smashed. 2846: 2847: The scope of \smash and \nosmash is the 2848: { }-enclosed subexpression in which the directive occurs. 2849: For example, if you want the g(x) part of the 2850: preceding example smashed, but not the 1/2 part, 2851: then the expression 2852: \nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx} 2853: renders as   2854: <a href="#preview"><img id="smash3" onclick="eqntext('smash3')" 2855: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 2856: \nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}}" 2857: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2858:  2865: 2866: For finer-grained control, note that \smash is shorthand 2867: for the default \smashmargin{+3} (and \nosmash is 2868: shorthand for \smashmargin{0}). \smashmargin's value 2869: is the minimum number of pixels between smashed symbols. The leading 2870: + is optional. If present, the font size (\tiny=0,...,\Huge=7) 2871: is added to the specified minimum. Compile mimetex.c with the 2872: -DSMASHMARGIN=n <a href="#options">option</a> to change 2873: the default from 3 to n. Compare the preceding 2874: example with the over-smashed \smashmargin{1}   2875: <a href="#preview"><img id="smash5" onclick="eqntext('smash5')" 2876: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle 2877: \smashmargin1\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx" 2878: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   instead. 2879: 2880: Smashing is in "beta testing" and some expressions still don't look 2881: quite right when smashed, e.g., 1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots renders as 2882: <a href="#preview"><img id="smash6" onclick="eqntext('smash6')" 2883: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots" 2884: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. Just compile with -DNOSMASH 2885: if you come across numerous annoying situations. 2886: 2887: <h3> <a name="not">\not and \cancel and \sout...</a> </h3> 2888: 2889: The usual LaTeX   \not   "slashes" the single symbol 2890: following it, e.g.,   i\not\partial\equiv i\not\nabla 2891:   produces <a href="#preview"> 2892: <img id="not1" onclick="eqntext('not1')" 2893: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize i\not\partial\equiv i\not\nabla" 2894: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2895: 2896: For arbitrary expressions, mimeTeX provides   \cancel   2897: which draws a line from the upper-right to lower-left corner of its 2898: argument, e.g.,   a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}   produces 2899:   <a href="#preview"><img id="not2" onclick="eqntext('not2')" 2900: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}" 2901: alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>. 2902: 2903: Finally, similar to the ulem.sty package,   \sout 2904:   draws a horizontal strikeout line through its argument, 2905: e.g.,   \sout{abcdefg}   produces <a href="#preview"> 2906: <img id="not3" onclick="eqntext('not3')" 2907: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout{abcdefg}" 2908: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. MimeTeX's \sout also 2909: takes an optional argument that adjusts the vertical position of its 2910: strikeout line by the specified number of pixels, e.g.,   2911: \sout[+2]{abcdefg} produces <a href="#preview"> 2912: <img id="not4" onclick="eqntext('not4')" 2913: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[+2]{abcdefg}" 2914: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   and   2915: \sout[-2]{abcdefg} produces 2916: <a href="#preview"><img id="not5" onclick="eqntext('not5')" 2917: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[-2]{abcdefg}" 2918: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. 2919: 2920: 2921: <h2> <a name="array"> (IIIe) \begin{array}{lcr}...\end{array} Environment 2922:   </a> </h2> 2923: 2924: Rendering vectors and matrices, aligning equations, etc, is all done 2925: using the customary LaTeX environment   2926: \begin{array}{lcr} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{array} 2927:   which you can write in exactly that form. MimeTeX also 2928: recognizes the following array-like environments 2929: <center> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> 2930: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{array}{lcr} </td> 2931: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2932: <td align="left"> \end{array} </td> </tr> 2933: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{matrix} </td> 2934: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2935: <td align="left"> \end{matrix} </td> </tr> 2936: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{pmatrix} </td> 2937: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2938: <td align="left"> \end{pmatrix} </td> </tr> 2939: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{bmatrix} </td> 2940: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2941: <td align="left"> \end{bmatrix} </td> </tr> 2942: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{Bmatrix} </td> 2943: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2944: <td align="left"> \end{Bmatrix} </td> </tr> 2945: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{vmatrix} </td> 2946: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2947: <td align="left"> \end{vmatrix} </td> </tr> 2948: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{Vmatrix} </td> 2949: <td align="center"> a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc </td> 2950: <td align="left"> \end{Vmatrix} </td> </tr> 2951: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{eqnarray} </td> 2952: <td align="center"> a&=&b \\ c&=&d \\ etc </td> 2953: <td align="left"> \end{eqnarray} </td> </tr> 2954: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{align} </td> 2955: <td align="center"> a&=b \\ c&=d \\ etc </td> 2956: <td align="left"> \end{align} </td> </tr> 2957: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{cases} </td> 2958: <td align="center"> a&b \\ c&d \\ etc </td> 2959: <td align="left"> \end{cases} </td> </tr> 2960: <tr> <td align="left"> \begin{gather} </td> 2961: <td align="center"> a \\ b \\ etc </td> 2962: <td align="left"> \end{gather} </td> </tr> 2963: </table> </center> 2964: There's a built-in maximum of 64 columns and 64 rows. Nested 2965: array environments, e.g., 2966: \begin{pmatrix}a&\begin{matrix}1&2\\3&4\end{matrix}\\c&d\end{pmatrix}, 2967: are permitted. 2968: 2969: MimeTeX also provides the abbreviation   2970: \array{lcr$a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}   2971: which has exactly the same effect as   2972: \begin{array}{lcr} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{array}. 2973: And the lcr$ "preamble" in \array{lcr$etc} is optional. 2974: In that case,   \array{a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}   2975: has exactly the same effect as   2976: \begin{matrix} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{matrix}. 2977: You can also write $\array{etc}$ to "manually abbreviate" 2978: the pmatrix environment, or \array{rcl$etc} to abbreviate 2979: eqnarray, but mimeTeX has no explicit abbreviations for these 2980: other environments. For example, <center> 2981: \begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix} 2982:   produces   2983: <a href="#preview"><img id="array1" onclick="eqntext('array1')" 2984: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\ 2985: b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix}" 2986: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 2987: 2988: Solid \hline's (but not \cline's) and vertical l|c|r bars 2989: are available, as usual. For dashed lines and bars, 2990: \begin{array} provides the additional features \hdash 2991: and l.c.r . \hline and \hdash may not be 2992: abbreviated. For example, <center> 2993: \begin{array}{c.c|c} a_1&a_2&a_3 \\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3 2994: \\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3 \end{array}   produces 2995: <a href="#preview"> <img id="array22" onclick="eqntext('array22')" 2996: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{array}{c.c|c} 2997: a_1&a_2&a_3\\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3\\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3\end{array}" 2998: alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center> 2999: 3000: The default font size is unchanged by \array{ }, but you 3001: can explicitly control it in the usual way, e.g., 3002: {\Large\begin{matrix}...\end{matrix}} renders the entire array 3003: in font size 4. In addition, any &...& cell may contain font 3004: size declarations which are always local to that cell, 3005: e.g., &\fs{-1}...& renders that one cell one font size smaller 3006: than current. 3007: 3008: The {lcr} in \begin{array}{lcr} sets left,center,right 3009: "horizontal justification" down columns of an array, 3010: as usual. And "vertical justification" across rows defaults 3011: to what we'll call baseline, i.e., aligned equations, 3012: as in <a href="#example10">Example 10</a> above, display properly. 3013: But the down arrows (for   3014: <a href="#preview"><img id="array3" onclick="eqntext('array3')" 3015: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\gamma&\Large\downarr}" 3016: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>   and for   3017: <a href="#preview"><img id="array4" onclick="eqntext('array4')" 3018: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\Large\downarr&\beta}" 3019: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>) 3020: in <a href="#example11">Example 11</a> require 3021: "vertical centering" across the middle row of that 3022: array. So, in addition to lowercase lcr, mimeTeX's {lcr} 3023: in \begin{array}{lcr} may also contain uppercase BC to 3024: set "B"aseline or "C"enter vertical justification across 3025: the corresponding rows. For example, \begin{array}{rccclBCB} 3026: sets baseline justification for the first and third rows, and center 3027: justification for the second row. Without any BC's, 3028: all rows default to the usual B baseline justification. 3029: 3030: MimeTeX has no \arraycolsep or \arraystretch parameters. 3031: Instead, \begin{array}{lc25rB35C} sets the absolute width 3032: of the second column to 25 pixels, and the absolute height of the 3033: first row to 35 pixels, as illustrated by 3034: <a href="#example9">Example 9</a>. Any number following 3035: an lcrBC specification sets the width of that one column 3036: (for lcr), or the height of that one row (for BC). 3037: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0> 3038: You can optionally precede the number with a + sign, 3039: which "propagates" that value forward to all subsequent columns for 3040: lcr, or all subsequent rows for BC. For example, 3041: \begin{array}{lc+25rB+35C} sets the absolute width of 3042: column 2 and all subsequent columns to 25 pixels, 3043: and the absolute height of row 1 and all subsequent rows 3044: to 35 pixels. After absolute sizing has been set, the special 3045: value 0 reverts to automatic sizing for that one row or 3046: column, and +0 reverts to automatic sizing for all subsequent 3047: rows or columns. For example, \begin{array}{c+25ccc+35ccc+0} 3048: sets the absolute widths of columns 1-3 to 25 pixels, 3049: columns 4-6 to 35 pixels, and then reverts to automatic 3050: sizing for columns 7 and all subsequent columns. 3051: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0> 3052: The "propagation" introduced by + is local to the 3053: \begin{array} in which it occurs. So you have to repeat 3054: the same specifications if you want rows aligned across several 3055: arrays on the same line (or columns aligned on several lines 3056: separated by \\). Instead, a lowercase g globally 3057: copies your column specifications to all subsequent arrays, 3058: and an uppercase G globally copies your row specifications. 3059: And gG copies both column and row specifications. For example, 3060: \begin{array}{GC+25} sets the height of all rows in this 3061: array to 25 pixels, and ditto for all subsequent arrays to its right. 3062: Explicit specifications in subsequent arrays override previous global 3063: values. 3064: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0> 3065: Click one of the following examples to see illustrations 3066: of the above discussion: <center> 3067: <a href="#preview"> <img id="array31" onclick="eqntext('array31')" 3068: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 3069: \left( \begin{array}{GC+30} 3070: \cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2\\ 3071: i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right) 3072: \left( \begin{array} 3073: z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right) 3074: \hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 1}" 3075: alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> 3076: <a href="#preview"> <img id="array32" onclick="eqntext('array32')" 3077: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large 3078: \left( \begin{array}{GC+30gc+40} 3079: \cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2 \\ 3080: i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right) 3081: \left( \begin{array} 3082: z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right) 3083: \hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 2}" 3084: alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center> 3085: 3086: See <a href="#example8">Examples 8-11</a> above for several 3087: additional \begin{array}{lcr} applications. 3088: 3089: 3090: <h2> <a name="picture"> (IIIf) \picture( ){ } "Environment", 3091: including \line( ){ } and \circle( )   </a> </h2> 3092: 3093: Besides \begin{array}{lcr}, mimeTeX also tries to emulate the 3094: familiar LaTeX picture environment with the somewhat similar 3095:           \picture(width[,height])  3096: { (loc1){pic_elem1} (loc2){pic_elem2} ... } 3097: as illustrated by <a href="#example12">Examples 12-13</a> above. 3098: Arguments surrounded by [ ]'s are optional. 3099: If the optional [,height] is omitted, then height=width 3100: is assumed. Locations (loc1) and (loc2) ... each 3101: denote either a \put(loc) or a \multiput(loc), 3102: and each location is of the form ([c]x,y[;xinc,yinc[;num]]). 3103: 3104: A \put(loc) is denoted by a location of the form ([c]x,y) 3105: where x,y denotes the coordinate where the lower-left corner 3106: of the subsequent picture_element will be placed, unless the letter 3107: c precedes the x-number, in which case cx,y 3108: denotes the center point instead. The very lower-left corner of the 3109: entire picture is always 0,0, and the upper-right corner is 3110: width-1,height-1. Note, for example, that you'd never want 3111: to specify location c0,0 since the picture_element would be 3112: mostly out-of-bounds (only its upper-right quadrant would be 3113: in-bounds). 3114: 3115: A \multiput(loc) starts like a \put(loc), but location 3116: [c]x,y is followed by ;xinc,yinc[;num] indicating the 3117: x,y-increments applied to each of num repetitions 3118: of picture_element. If ;num is omitted, repetitions continue 3119: until the picture_element goes out-of-bounds of the specified 3120: width[,height]. Note that x,y are always positive or 3121: zero, but xinc,yinc may be postive, zero or negative. 3122: 3123: The \picture(,){...} parameters width, height, x, y, xinc, 3124: yinc may be either integer or may contain a decimal point, 3125: and they're all scaled by <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. 3126: The num parameter must be integer. 3127: 3128: Picture_element's {pic_elem1} and {pic_elem2} ... 3129: may be any expressions recognized by mimeTeX, even including other 3130: \picture's nested to any level. 3131: 3132: <h3> <a name="circleline">\line( ){ } and 3133: \circle( )...</a> </h3> 3134: 3135: To help draw useful picture_element's, mimeTeX provides several 3136: drawing commands, \line(xinc,yinc)[{xlen}] and 3137: \circle(xdiam[,ydiam][;arc]). Although primarily intended 3138: for use in \picture's, you can use them in any mimeTeX 3139: expression, e.g.,   abc\circle(20)def   produces   3140: <a href="#preview"><img id="circleline1" onclick="eqntext('circleline1')" 3141: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large abc\circle(20)def" 3142: alt="" border="0" align="middle"></a>. 3143: 3144: Without its optional {xlen} parameter, the expression 3145: (x,y){\line(xinc,yinc)} draws a straight line from point 3146: x,y to point x+xinc,y+yinc. The inc's 3147: can be positive, zero or negative. Don't prefix location x,y 3148: with a leading c for \line's; the intended "corner" 3149: is determined by the signs of xinc and yinc. 3150: If given, the optional {xlen} parameter rescales the length 3151: of the line so its x-projection is xlen and its slope is 3152: unchanged. 3153: 3154: Without optional ,ydiam and ;arc, the expression 3155: (x,y){\circle(xdiam)} draws a circle of diameter xdiam 3156: centered at x,y. Don't prefix location x,y with a 3157: leading c for \circle's; centering is assumed. 3158: If ,ydiam is also given, then (x,y){\circle(xdiam,ydiam)} 3159: draws the ellipse inscribed in a rectangle of width xdiam 3160: and height ydiam centered at x,y. 3161:       Finally, ;arc specifies the arc to be 3162: drawn, in one of two ways. An ;arc argument given in the 3163: form ;1234 interprets each digit as a quadrant to be drawn, 3164: with 1 the upper-right quadrant and then proceeding 3165: counterclockwise, e.g., \circle(12;34) specifies the 3166: lower half of a circle whose diameter is twelve. 3167:       Alternatively, an ;arc argument given in 3168: the form 45,180 or -60,120 specifies the endpoints of 3169: the desired arc in degrees, with 0 the positive x-axis and 3170: then proceeding counterclockwise. The first number must always 3171: be smaller than the second (negative numbers are allowed), and the 3172: arc is drawn counterclockwise starting from the smaller number. 3173: 3174: Besides <a href="#example12">Examples 12-13</a> above, 3175: it's hard to resist illustrating 3176:       3177: \unitlength{.6}   \picture(100) { 3178:           3179: (50,50){\circle(99)} %%head%% 3180:           3181: (20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} %%eyes%% 3182:           3183: (50,40){\bullet} %%nose%% 3184:           3185: (50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} %%upper lip%% 3186:           3187: (50,35){\circle(50,45;34)} %%lower lip%%   } 3188: <center> 3189: <a href="#preview"><img id="circleline2" onclick="eqntext('circleline2')" 3190: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\unitlength{.6}\picture(100){ 3191: (50,50){\circle(99)} (20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} (50,40){\bullet} 3192: (50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} (50,35){\circle(50,45;34)}}" 3193: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> Have a nice day!</center> 3194: 3195: 3196: <h2> <a name="commands"> (IIIg) Other mimeTeX Commands   </a> </h2> 3197: 3198: Various and sundry other LaTeX-like commands are also provided 3199: by mimeTeX. In addition to features explicitly discussed below, 3200: mimeTeX supports the usual sub_scripts and super^scripts, 3201: and most of the typical LaTeX commands, many already discussed 3202: above, including 3203: <ul> 3204: <li> \frac{ }{ } and { \over } </li> 3205: <li> { \atop } and { \choose } </li> 3206: <li> \sqrt{ } </li> 3207: <li> \lim_{ } and all the usual LaTeX function names </li> 3208: <li> \hat{ } and \widehat{ } 3209: and many of the usual LaTeX accents </li> 3210: <li> \overbrace{ }^{ } and 3211: \underbrace{ }_{ } </li> 3212: <li> \overline{ } and \underline{ } </li> 3213: </ul> 3214: All these typical commands should behave as they usually do 3215: in LaTeX, and won't be discussed further. Short discussions 3216: of some other commands follow. 3217: 3218: <h3> <a name="stackrel">\overset{ }{ } or 3219: \stackrel{ }{ }   and   3220: \underset{ }{ } or \relstack{ }{ } 3221: ...</a> </h3> 3222: 3223: 3224: \stackrel{ }{ } behaves as usual in LaTeX, 3225: rendering its first argument one font size smaller and centered above 3226: its second. And the amsmath-style \overset{ }{ } is 3227: identical. For example, <center> 3228: "\vec x\overset{\rm def}=(x_1\ldots x_n)" 3229:   produces   3230: <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel1" onclick="eqntext('stackrel1')" 3231: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 3232: \Large\vec x\,\overset{\small\rm def}= 3233: \,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 3234: 3235: "Conversely" to \stackrel{ }{ }, mimeTeX provides 3236: \relstack{ }{ }, which renders its second argument 3237: one font size smaller and centered below its first. 3238: And the amsmath-style \underset{ }{ } renders its 3239: first argument one font size smaller and centered below its second. 3240: For example, the \log function name doesn't treat 3241: limits like \lim_, but you can write, for example, <center> 3242: "\underset{\rm base 2}\log32=5"   to render   3243: <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel2" onclick="eqntext('stackrel2')" 3244: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 3245: \Large\underset{\small\rm base 2}\log32\,=\,5" 3246: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 3247: 3248: MimeTeX's \limits provides an easier but non-standard 3249: alternative to achieve the same effect. For example, <center> 3250: "\vec x =\limits^{\rm def} (x_1\ldots x_n)" 3251:   produces   3252: <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel3" onclick="eqntext('stackrel3')" 3253: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\vec x\,=\limits^{\small\rm def} 3254: \,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> 3255: and   "\log\limits_{\rm base 2}32=5"   3256: produces   3257: <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel4" onclick="eqntext('stackrel4')" 3258: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi? 3259: \Large\log\limits_{\small\rm base 2}32\,=\,5" 3260: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 3261: 3262: <h3> <a name="fbox">\fbox{ }...</a> </h3> 3263: 3264: In case html border attributes aren't suitable, mimeTeX provides 3265: the usual \fbox{expression} command, e.g., <center> 3266: "\fbox{x=\frac12}"   produces   3267: <a href="#preview"><img id="fbox1" onclick="eqntext('fbox1')" 3268: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\fbox{x=\frac12}" 3269: alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> 3270: 3271: You can also write \fbox[width]{expression} 3272: to explicitly set the box's width, or you can write 3273: \fbox[width][height]{expression} 3274: to explicitly set both width and height. 3275: 3276: <h3> <a name="today">\today and \calendar...</a> </h3> 3277: 3278: \today   renders   3279: <a href="#preview"><img id="today1" onclick="eqntext('today1')" 3280: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\today" 3281: border=0 align=middle></a>   3282: in the usual LaTeX text mode way. 3283: That's \today's default format#1. MimeTeX has 3284: an optional format argument so that, for example,   3285: \blue\today[2]   renders   3286: <a href="#preview"><img id="today2" onclick="eqntext('today2')" 3287: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\today[2]" 3288: border=0 align=middle></a>,   3289: showing both date and time. And   3290: \red\today[3]   renders   3291: <a href="#preview"><img id="today3" onclick="eqntext('today3')" 3292: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\red\today[3]" 3293: border=0 align=bottom></a>, 3294:   showing time only. 3295: 3296: To accommodate time zones, you may also write, for example,   3297: \small\blue\today[2,+3],   which renders   3298: <a href="#preview"><img id="today4" onclick="eqntext('today4')" 3299: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\today[2,+3]" 3300: border=0 align=middle></a>,   3301: adding three hours to format#2. 3302: The arguments may be in either order. The time zone increment 3303: must always be preceded by either + or -, 3304: and must be in the range -23 to +23. 3305: 3306: \calendar   renders a calendar for 3307: the current month, as illustrated by the left-hand image below. 3308: For a different month, the optional argument &nbsp 3309: \small\blue\calendar[2001,9]   renders the right-hand 3310: image, for the requested year and month. Years must be 3311: 1973...2099 and months must be 1...12. 3312: <center> 3313: <a href="#preview"><img id="today5" onclick="eqntext('today5')" 3314: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\calendar" 3315: border=0 align=middle> </a>           3316: <a href="#preview"><img id="today6" onclick="eqntext('today6')" 3317: src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\calendar[2001,9]" 3318: border=0 align=middle> </a> </center> 3319: 3320: The default calendar emphasizes the current day of the current month, 3321: while any other month emphasizes no day. Day emphasis is controlled 3322: by an optional third argument.   \calendar[0,0,1]   3323: emphasizes the first day of the current month, and 3324:   \calendar[2001,9,11]   emphasizes the eleventh 3325: day of that month.   \calendar[0,0,99]   3326: renders the current month with no day emphasized. 3327: 3328: <h3> <a name="input">\input{ }...</a> </h3> 3329: 3330: 3331: \input{filename} behaves just like the corresponding 3332: LaTeX command, reading the entire contents of filename 3333: into your expression at the point where the \input command 3334: occurs. By default, filename resides in the same 3335: directory as mimetex.cgi. Moreover, for security, absolute paths 3336: with leading /'s or \'s, and paths with ../'s 3337: or ..\'s, are not permitted. See the -DPATHPREFIX 3338: <a href="#options">compile option</a>, discussed above, 3339: if you want \input files in some other directory. 3340: In any case, if filename isn't found, then 3341: \input tries to read filename.tex instead. 3342: 3343: MimeTeX also supports the optional form 3344: \input{filename:tag}. In this case, 3345: filename is read as before, but only those characters 3346: between <tag>...</tag> are placed 3347: into your expression. This permits you to have one file containing 3348: many different <tag>'s, e.g., one file containing 3349: all the questions and/or answers to a homework assignment or a quiz, 3350: etc. 3351: 3352: <h3> <a name="counter">\counter[ ]{ } 3353: ...</a> </h3> 3354: 3355: The bottom-right corner of this page contains a page hit counter 3356: that's maintained using mimeTeX's 3357: \counter[logfile]{counterfile:tag} 3358: command. As with \input, described immediately above, 3359: both the required counterfile and the optional 3360: logfile are the names of files that reside in the 3361: same directory as your mimetex.cgi executable, unless you compiled 3362: mimetex with the -DPATHPREFIX 3363: <a href="#options">compile option</a>. Before using 3364: the \counter command, Unix "touch" and "chmod" those files 3365: so they're mimeTeX readable and writable. 3366: 3367: If counterfile isn't readable and writable, 3368: then the \counter command always displays 3369: 1st. Otherwise, it maintains a 3370: line in counterfile of the form 3371: <tag> value </tag> 3372: where value is initialized as 1_ if the 3373: specified <tag> line doesn't already exist, 3374: and then incremented on each subsequent call. That trailing 3375: underscore on the value in the file, e.g., 99_, tells 3376: mimeTeX to display 99th with an 3377: ordinal suffix. Edit the value in the file and remove the 3378: underscore if you don't want the ordinal suffix displayed. 3379: Finally, mimeTeX makes no effort to lock files or 3380: records (tags), so be careful using \counter 3381: if your hit rates are high enough so that frequent collisions 3382: are likely. 3383: 3384: The same counterfile can contain as many different 3385: <tag> lines as you like, so counters for 3386: all the pages on your site can be maintained in one file. 3387: MimeTeX also maintains a special <timestamp> tag 3388: in counterfile that logs the the date/time and 3389: name of the most recently updated tag. 3390: 3391: Somewhat more detailed log information can be accumulated in 3392: the optional logfile. If you provide that 3393: filename, mimeTeX writes a line to it of the form 3394: 2008-09-07:12:59:33pm <tag>=99 192.168.1.1 http_referer 3395: containing a timestamp, the counter tag and its current value, 3396: and the user's IP address and http_referer page if they're 3397: available. 3398: 3399: The page hit counter displayed at the bottom-right corner 3400: of this page is maintained by the command 3401: \counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}. 3402: After compiling and installing your 3403: own mimetex.cgi and your own copy of this page, that counter will 3404: continually show 1st's 3405: unless/until you "touch" and "chmod" counters.txt (and, optionally, 3406: counters.log) in your mimetex.cgi directory. 3407: 3408: 3409: <h2> <a name="exceptions"> (IIIh) Other Exceptions 3410: to LaTeX Syntax   </a> </h2> 3411: 3412: <h3> Binding Exceptions... </h3> 3413: 3414: MimeTeX's bindings are pretty much left-to-right. For example, 3415: although mimeTeX correctly interprets \frac12 as well as 3416: \frac{1}{2}, etc, the legal LaTeX expression x^\frac12 3417: must be written x^{\frac12}. Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets 3418: it as {x^\frac}12, i.e., the same way x^\alpha12 3419: would be interpreted, which is entirely wrong for \frac. 3420: The same requirement also applies to other combinations of commands, 3421: e.g., you must write \sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}, etc. 3422: 3423: 3424:  3427: <h1> <a name="appendices"> (IV) Appendices   </a> </h1> 3428: 3429: Programming information to help you modify mimeTeX's behavior, 3430: and to use its functionality in your own programs, is provided 3431: by these appendices. The currently available appendices discuss 3432: (a)how to modify or extend mimeTeX's fonts, (b)how to use 3433: mimeTeX's principal function, make_raster(), and (c)how to use 3434: <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> 3435: gifsave.c library. 3436: 3437: 3438: <h2> <a name="fonts"> (IVa)   mimeTeX Fonts   </a> </h2> 3439: 3440: The font information mimeTeX uses to render characters is 3441: derived from .gf font files (usually generated by metafont 3442: running against .mf files), which are then run through 3443: gftype -i and finally through my gfuntype program 3444: (supplied with your mimeTeX distribution). 3445: 3446: The final output from each such sequence of three runs 3447: (metafont > gftype -i > gfuntype) gives mimeTeX the 3448: bitmap information it needs to render one particular font 3449: family at one particular size. The file texfonts.h 3450: supplied with your mimeTeX distribution collects the output 3451: from 72 such (sequences of) runs, representing nine font 3452: families at eight sizes each. 3453: 3454: This collection of information in   texfonts.h   is 3455: "wired" into mimeTeX through tables maintained in mimetex.h. 3456: To change mimeTeX's fonts, you'll have to first modify (or totally 3457: replace) texfonts.h using your own gfuntype output, and then 3458: change mimetex.h to reflect your texfonts.h modifications. 3459: 3460: This appendix provides a brief description of the above 3461: process, though you'll probably need at least some previous 3462: C programming experience to confidently accomplish it. 3463: Your motivation might be to add more fonts to mimeTeX, 3464: to change the font sizes I chose, or to add more 3465: font sizes, etc. MimeTeX's design permits all this to be 3466: easily done once you understand the process. 3467: 3468: Running metafont to generate a .gf file from .mf 3469: source will usually be your very first step. A typical such run 3470: might be 3471:  <center> 3472: mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmmi10'</center> 3473: which in this case generates output file 3474: cmmi10.131gf (which is mimeTeX's font size 3 for the 3475: cmmi family). 3476: 3477: Given the cmmi10.131gf file from this metafont run 3478: (or substitute any other .gf file you like), next run 3479: <center>gftype -i cmmi10.131gf > typeout</center> 3480: where typeout can be any temporary 3481: filename you like. 3482: 3483: Finally, run gfuntype against the typeout file 3484: you just generated with the command 3485: <center>gfuntype -n cmmi131 typeout cmmi131.h</center> 3486: to generate the final output file cmmi131.h 3487: (or any filename you supply as the last arg). This 3488: contains the cmmi data in an array whose name is taken 3489: from the -n arg you supplied to gfuntype. 3490: 3491: The above sequence of three runs resulted in output file 3492: cmmi131.h, containing the font information mimeTeX needs 3493: for one font family (cmmi) at one font size (3). Repeat this 3494: sequence of three runs for each font size and each font family. 3495: Then pull all the output files into one big texfonts.h file 3496: (or write a small texfonts.h which just #include's them all). 3497: 3498: For your information, the 72 sequences of runs represented 3499: in the texfonts.h file supplied with your mimeTeX distribution 3500: correspond to the following eight inital metafont runs for cmr10 3501:  3508: <pre> size=0 (.83gf) mf '\mode=eighthre; input cmr10' 3509: 1 (.100gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-17.874274); input cmr10' 3510: 2 (.118gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.966458); input cmr10' 3511: 3 (.131gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmr10' 3512: 4 (.160gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-15.296391); input cmr10' 3513: 5 (.180gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-14.650373); input cmr10' 3514: 6 (.210gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-13.804885); input cmr10' 3515: 7 (.250gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-12.848589); input cmr10'</pre> 3516: 3517: Then ditto for the eight other font families cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10, 3518: cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10, stmary10 and wncyr10. And to generate other 3519: .dpigf font sizes, calculate magsteps   3520: <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\frac{\log(dpi/2602)}{\log1.2}" 3521: alt="" align=middle border=0>.   All the subsequent gftype and 3522: gfuntype runs just follow the standard format described above. 3523: 3524: To incorporate all this font information you just generated into 3525: mimeTeX, edit your mimetex.h file and find the table that looks 3526: something like <pre>static fontfamily aafonttable[] = { 3527: /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3528: family size=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 3529: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 3530: { CMR10,{ cmr83, cmr100, cmr118, cmr131, cmr160, cmr180, cmr210, cmr250}}, 3531: { CMMI10,{ cmmi83, cmmi100, cmmi118, cmmi131, cmmi160, cmmi180, cmmi210, cmmi250}}, 3532: { CMMIB10,{ cmmib83, cmmib100, cmmib118, cmmib131, cmmib160, cmmib180, cmmib210, cmmib250}}, 3533: { CMSY10,{ cmsy83, cmsy100, cmsy118, cmsy131, cmsy160, cmsy180, cmsy210, cmsy250}}, 3534: { CMEX10,{ cmex83, cmex100, cmex118, cmex131, cmex160, cmex180, cmex210, cmex250}}, 3535: { RSFS10,{ rsfs83, rsfs100, rsfs118, rsfs131, rsfs160, rsfs180, rsfs210, rsfs250}}, 3536: { BBOLD10,{ bbold83, bbold100, bbold118, bbold131, bbold160, bbold180, bbold210, bbold250}}, 3537: {STMARY10,{stmary83,stmary100,stmary118,stmary131,stmary160,stmary180,stmary210,stmary250}}, 3538: { CYR10,{ wncyr83, wncyr100, wncyr118, wncyr131, wncyr160, wncyr180, wncyr210, wncyr250}}, 3539: { -999,{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}} 3540: } ; /* --- end-of-fonttable[] --- */</pre> 3541: Note the 72 names cmr83...wncyr250 in the table. These must 3542: correspond to (or must be changed to) the names following the -n 3543: switch you specified for your   gfuntype   runs. 3544: 3545: If you want more than eight font sizes, first build up texfonts.h 3546: with all the necessary information. Then change LARGESTSIZE (and 3547: probably NORMALSIZE) in mimetex.h, and finally edit the above aafonttable[] 3548: by extending the columns in each row up to your largest size. 3549: 3550: You can also add new rows by #define'ing a new family, 3551: and then adding a whole lot of character definitions at the bottom 3552: of mimetex.h, all in the obvious way (i.e., it should become obvious 3553: after reviewing mimetex.h). A new row would be required, 3554: for example, to make another font available in mimeTeX. 3555: 3556: One small problem with the above procedure is that the default 3557:   gftype   program supplied with most TeX distributions 3558: can't emit the long lines needed to display mimeTeX's larger font 3559: sizes. You'll need to compile your own version from source. 3560: The following instructions are for Unix/Linux:     3561:     First, download both 3562: <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web-7.5.3.tar.gz" 3563: target="_top">web-7.5.3.tar.gz</a> and 3564: <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz" 3565: target="_top">web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz</a>, 3566: or more recent versions. Then   untar   them both, 3567:   cd web2c-7.5.3/   and run   ./configure   3568: and   make   in the usual way (make may fail before 3569: completion if you don't have all needed fonts installed, 3570: but it will create and compile gftype.c before failing). Now edit 3571:   texk/web2c/gftype.c  and notice two lines very near the top 3572: that   #define maxrow (79) &nbsp and similarly for maxcol. 3573: Change both 79's to 1024, and then re-run make. The new   3574: texk/web2c/gftype   executable image can emit the long 3575: lines needed for mimeTeX's larger font sizes. 3576: 3577: Finally, the Unix/Linux bash shell script 3578: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/texfonts.sh" 3579: target="_top">texfonts.sh</a> generates file   texfonts.h   3580: containing the information for all 72 mimeTeX fonts discussed above 3581: (and, optionally, an extra 1200dpi cmr font used to test mimeTeX's 3582: supersampling algorithm). You'll need to understand and edit this 3583: script to use it meaningfully. But it helps automate mimeTeX's font 3584: generation procedure in case you want to experiment with different 3585: fonts. (Note that metafont emits a complaint while generating the 3586: 83dpi rsfs font. Just press <CR> and it completes 3587: successfully.) 3588: 3589: 3590: <h2> <a name="makeraster"> (IVb) mimeTeX's make_raster() 3591: function   </a> </h2> 3592: 3593: MimeTeX converts an input LaTeX math expression to a corresponding GIF 3594: image in two steps. First, it converts the input LaTeX expression to a 3595: corresponding bitmap raster. Then <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" 3596: target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> gifsave library, discussed 3597: <a href="#gifsave">below</a>, converts that bitmap to the emitted gif. 3598: Though you never explicitly see that bitmap, it's mimeTeX's principal 3599: result. MimeTeX is written so any program can easily use its 3600: expression-to-bitmap conversion capability with just a single line of code. 3601: The following complete program demonstrates the simplest such use. 3602: 3603: <pre> #include <stdio.h> 3604: #include "mimetex.h" 3605: int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) 3606: { 3607: raster *rp = make_raster(argv[1],NORMALSIZE); 3608: type_raster(rp,stdout); /* display ascii image of raster */ 3609: }</pre> 3610: 3611: Cut-and-paste the above sample code from this file to, say, 3612: mimedemo.c (and fix the brackets around stdio.h). Then compile 3613:         3614: cc -DTEXFONTS mimedemo.c mimetex.c -lm -o mimedemo 3615: and run it from your unix shell command line like 3616:         ./mimedemo   "x^2+y^2" 3617: 3618: MimeTeX's expression-to-bitmap conversion is accomplished by the 3619: make_raster() call, whose first argument is just a pointer to a 3620: (null-terminated) string containing any mimeTeX-compliant LaTeX 3621: expression, and whose second argument is the mimeTeX font size 3622: to use (overridden if your expression contains a preamble). 3623: The ascii display of the bitmap raster returned by make_raster() 3624: results from the subsequent call to type_raster(). That's all 3625: this program does, but you could use make_raster()'s returned bitmap 3626: for any other purpose you have in mind. 3627: 3628: MimeTeX's primary purpose is to emit either xbitmaps or gif images 3629: rather than ascii displays. And mimeTeX has anti-aliasing and various 3630: other options that further complicate its main() function compared to 3631: the simple example above. The example below demonstrates mimeTeX 3632: usage in the slightly more realistic situation where an input expression 3633: is converted to a gif, without anti-aliasing, and emitted on stdout. 3634: 3635: <pre> #include <stdio.h> 3636: #include <stdlib.h> 3637: #include "mimetex.h" 3638: 3639: /* --- global needed by callback function, below, for gifsave.c --- */ 3640: static raster *rp = NULL; /* 0/1 bitmap raster image */ 3641: 3642: /* --- callback function to return pixel value at col x, row y --- */ 3643: int GetPixel ( int x, int y ) /* pixel value will be 0 or 1 */ 3644: { return (int)getpixel(rp,y,x); } /* just use getpixel() macro */ 3645: 3646: /* --- main() entry point --- */ 3647: int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) 3648: { 3649: /* --- get LaTeX expression from either browser query or command-line --- */ 3650: char *query = getenv("QUERY_STRING"), /* check for query string */ 3651: *expression = (query!=NULL? query : /* input either from query */ 3652: (argc>1? argv[1] : "f(x)=x^2")); /* or from command line */ 3653: /* ---- mimeTeX converts expression to bitmap raster ---- */ 3654: rp = make_raster(expression,NORMALSIZE); /* mimeTeX rasterizes expression */ 3655: /* ---- convert returned bitmap raster to gif, and emit it on stdout ---- */ 3656: if ( query != NULL ) /* Content-type line for browser */ 3657: fprintf( stdout, "Content-type: image/gif\n\n" ); 3658: /* --- initialize gifsave library and colors, and set transparent bg --- */ 3659: GIF_Create(NULL, rp->width, rp->height, 2, 8); /* init for black/white */ 3660: GIF_SetColor(0, 255, 255, 255); /* always set background white */ 3661: GIF_SetColor(1, 0, 0, 0); /* and foreground black */ 3662: GIF_SetTransparent(0); /* and set transparent background */ 3663: /* --- finally, emit compressed gif image (to stdout) --- */ 3664: GIF_CompressImage(0, 0, -1, -1, GetPixel); 3665: GIF_Close(); 3666: }</pre> 3667: 3668: Cut-and-paste as before, compile like 3669:         3670: cc -DTEXFONTS mimedemo.c mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimedemo 3671: and run it like the first example, but this time you may want to redirect 3672: stdout 3673:         ./mimedemo   "x^2+y^2" 3674:   >   mimedemo.gif 3675: since output is now a gif image consisting of mostly unprintable bytes. 3676: Input is typically from the command line as illustrated, but this example 3677: checks for a browser query string too. That means you could actually 3678: replace mimetex.cgi with this executable, though anti-aliasing wouldn't 3679: be available. 3680: 3681: Of course, this example's intent isn't to replace the mimetex.cgi 3682: executable, but rather to illustrate GIFSAVE library usage, documented 3683: in detail below. And this example also illustrates usage of several 3684: mimeTeX raster structure elements, like rp->width and rp->height. 3685: So you'll probably also want to refer to mimetex.h, which contains those 3686: raster structures and other relevant definitions. For instance, the 3687: example's GetPixel() callback function illustrates usage of the getpixel() 3688: macro in mimetex.h, to retrieve individual pixels by their x,y-coordinates. 3689: And there's a similar setpixel() macro in mimetex.h to store pixels. 3690: After completing all this reading, you'll be prepared to begin using 3691: mimeTeX functions in your own code. 3692: 3693: 3694: 3695: <h2> <a name="gifsave"> 3696: (IVc)</a> <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> 3697: gifsave.c library   </h2> 3698: 3699: The information below is taken from the README file accompanying 3700: <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> 3701: distribution of GIFSAVE. I've made a few small editorial modifications, 3702: including descriptions of the several minor changes necessary 3703: to support mimeTeX. And the mimeTeX example program immediately above 3704: uses GIFSAVE in a very straightforward way that should help clarify 3705: any questions which may remain after reading the documentation below. 3706: 3707: <pre> 3708: INTRODUCTION 3709: ============ 3710: 3711: The GIFSAVE functions make it possible to save GIF images from 3712: your own C programs. 3713: 3714: GIFSAVE creates simple GIF files following the GIF87a standard. 3715: Interlaced images cannot be created. There should only be 3716: one image per file. 3717: 3718: GIFSAVE consists of five functions, all returning type int, 3719: and no separate header file is required. 3720: 3721: The functions should be called in the order listed below 3722: for each GIF-file. One file must be closed before a new one 3723: can be created. 3724: 3725: GIF_Create() creates new GIF-files. It takes parameters 3726: specifying filename, screen size, number of colors, 3727: and color resolution. 3728: 3729: GIF_SetColor() sets up red, green, blue color components. 3730: It should be called once for each possible color. 3731: 3732: GIF_SetTransparent() is optional. If called, it sets the 3733: color number of the color that should be transparent, 3734: i.e., the background color shows through this one. 3735: 3736: GIF_CompressImage() performs the compression of the image. 3737: It accepts parameters describing the position and size 3738: of the image on screen, and a user defined callback 3739: function that is supposed to fetch the pixel values. 3740: 3741: GIF_Close() terminates and closes the file. 3742: 3743: To use these functions, you must also write a callback 3744: function that returns the pixel values for each point 3745: in the image. 3746: 3747: 3748: THE FUNCTIONS 3749: ============= 3750: 3751: GIF_Create() 3752: ------------ 3753: Function Creates a new GIF-file, and stores info on 3754: the screen. 3755: 3756: Syntax int GIF_Create( 3757: char *filename, 3758: int width, int height, 3759: int numcolors, int colorres 3760: ); 3761: 3762: Remarks Creates a new (or overwrites an existing) 3763: GIF-file with the given filename. No 3764: .GIF-extension is added. 3765: 3766: If filename is passed as a NULL pointer, 3767: output is directed to stdout. 3768: 3769: The width- and height- parameters specify 3770: the size of the image in pixels. 3771: 3772: numcolors is the number of colors used in 3773: the image. 3774: 3775: colorres is number of bits used to encode a 3776: primary color (red, green or blue). 3777: In GIF-files, colors are built by combining 3778: given amounts of each primary color. 3779: On VGA-cards, each color is built by 3780: combining red, green and blue values in 3781: the range [0, 63]. Encoding the number 63 3782: would require 6 bits, so colorres would be 3783: set to 6. 3784: 3785: Return value GIF_OK - OK 3786: GIF_ERRCREATE - Error creating file 3787: GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file 3788: GIF_OUTMEM - Out of memory 3789: 3790: 3791: GIF_SetColor() 3792: -------------- 3793: Function Specifies the primary color component of a 3794: color used in the image. 3795: 3796: Syntax void GIF_SetColor( 3797: int colornum, 3798: int red, int green, int blue 3799: ); 3800: 3801: Remarks This function updates the colortable-values 3802: for color number colornum in the image. 3803: 3804: Should be called for each color in the range 3805: [0, numcolors] 3806: 3807: with red, green and blue components in the 3808: range [0, (2^colorres)-1] 3809: 3810: colorres and colornum are values previousely 3811: given to the function GIF_Create(). 3812: 3813: Return value None 3814: 3815: 3816: GIF_SetTransparent() 3817: -------------------- 3818: Function Specifies the color number of the color 3819: that should be considered transparent. 3820: 3821: Syntax void GIF_SetTransparent( 3822: int colornum 3823: ); 3824: 3825: Remarks Need not be called at all. But if called, 3826: should be called only once with colornum in 3827: the range [0, numcolors] i.e., colornum 3828: must be one of the values previously 3829: given to GIF_SetColor(). 3830: 3831: Return value None 3832: 3833: 3834: GIF_CompressImage() 3835: ------------------- 3836: Function Compresses an image and stores it in the 3837: current file. 3838: 3839: Syntax int GIF_CompressImage( 3840: int left, int top, 3841: int width, int height, 3842: int (*getpixel)(int x, int y) 3843: ); 3844: 3845: Remarks The left- and top- parameters indicate the 3846: image offset from the upper left corner of 3847: the screen. They also give the start values 3848: for calls to the userdefined callback 3849: function. 3850: 3851: width and height give the size of the image. 3852: A value of -1 indicates the equivalent screen 3853: size given in the call to GIF_Create(). 3854: 3855: If the image is supposed to cover the entire 3856: screen, values 0, 0, -1, -1 should be given. 3857: 3858: GIF_CompressImage() obtains the pixel values 3859: by calling a user specified function. This 3860: function is passed in the parameter getpixel. 3861: See "callback()" further down for a 3862: description of this function. 3863: 3864: Return value GIF_OK - OK 3865: GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file 3866: GIF_OUTMEM - Out of memory 3867: 3868: 3869: GIF_Close() 3870: ----------- 3871: Function Closes the GIF-file. 3872: 3873: Syntax int GIF_Close(void); 3874: 3875: Remarks This function writes a terminating descriptor 3876: to the file, and then closes it. Also frees 3877: memory used by the other functions of GIFSAVE. 3878: 3879: Return value GIF_OK - OK 3880: GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file 3881: 3882: 3883: THE CALLBACK FUNCTION 3884: ===================== 3885: 3886: callback() 3887: ---------- 3888: Function Obtains pixel-values for the 3889: GIF_CompressImage() -function. 3890: 3891: Syntax int callback(int x, int y); 3892: 3893: Remarks This function must be written by the 3894: programmer. It should accept two integer 3895: parameters specifying a point in the image, 3896: and return the pixel value at this point. 3897: 3898: The ranges for these parameters are as 3899: follows 3900: x : [img_left, img_left + img_width - 1] 3901: y : [img_top, img_top + img_height - 1] 3902: 3903: where img_left, img_top, img_width and 3904: img_height are the values left, top, width 3905: and height passed to GIF_CompressImage(). 3906: 3907: An example; if the screen has width 640 and 3908: height 350, and the image covers the entire 3909: screen, x will be in the range [0, 639] 3910: and y in the range [0, 349]. 3911: 3912: callback() need not get its values from the 3913: screen. The values can be fetched from a 3914: memory array, they can be calculated for 3915: each point requested, etc. 3916: 3917: The function is passed as a parameter to 3918: GIF_CompressImage(), and can thus have any 3919: name, not only callback(). 3920: 3921: Return value Pixel value at the point requested. Should 3922: be in the range [0, numcolors-1] where 3923: numcolors is as specified to GIF_Create(). 3924: </pre> 3925: 3926: 3927: 3928:  3931: <h1 id="remarks"> Concluding Remarks   </h1> 3932: 3933: I hope you find mimeTeX useful. If so, a contribution to your 3934: country's <a href="http://www.tug.org" target="_top">TeX Users Group</a>, 3935: or to the <a href="http://www.gnu.org" target="_top">GNU</a> project, is 3936: suggested, especially if you're a company that's currently profitable. 3937: 3938:  3946: 3947:  3950: <hr size=4> 3951: <table> <tr> 3952: <td> 3953: Copyright © 2002-2008, 3954: <a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a> 3955: 3956: email: <a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a> 3957: </td> 3958: <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{100}" alt="" border=0> </td> 3959: <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue{\small\rm You're the } 3960: \Large\counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}\\[0] 3961: {\small\rm visitor to this page." alt="" border=0 align=bottom> </td> 3962: </tr> </table> 3963: </body> 3964: </html> 3965: