--- loncom/homework/default_homework.lcpm 2001/10/01 20:15:30 1.37 +++ loncom/homework/default_homework.lcpm 2011/02/26 17:50:13 1.152 @@ -1,347 +1,793 @@ -# file name (temp): default_homework +# The LearningOnline Network with CAPA # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run() # -# Guy Albertelli +# $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.152 2011/02/26 17:50:13 raeburn Exp $ # -# 05/25/2001 H. K. Ng -# 05/31/2001 H. K. Ng +# Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees # +# This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA). +# +# LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software +# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA +# +# /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt +# +# http://www.lon-capa.org/ +# +# + #init some globals -$RANDOMINIT=0; +$hidden::RANDOMINIT=0; $pi=atan2(1,1)*4; $rad2deg=180.0/$pi; $deg2rad=$pi/180.0; +$"=' '; +use strict; +{ + my $n = 0; + my $total = 0; + my $num_left = 0; + my @order; + my $type; + + sub init_permutation { + my ($size,$requested_type) = @_; + @order = (0..$size-1); + $n = $size; + $type = $requested_type; + if ($type eq 'ordered') { + $total = $num_left = 1; + } elsif ($type eq 'unordered') { + $total = $num_left = &factorial($size); + } else { + die("Unkown type: $type"); + } + } + + sub get_next_permutation { + if ($num_left == $total) { + $num_left--; + return \@order; + } + + # Find largest index j with a[j] < a[j+1] + + my $j = scalar(@order) - 2; + while ($order[$j] > $order[$j+1]) { + $j--; + } + + # Find index k such that a[k] is smallest integer + # greater than a[j] to the right of a[j] + + my $k = scalar(@order) - 1; + while ($order[$j] > $order[$k]) { + $k--; + } + + # Interchange a[j] and a[k] + + @order[($k,$j)] = @order[($j,$k)]; + + # Put tail end of permutation after jth position in increasing order + + my $r = scalar(@order) - 1; + my $s = $j + 1; + + while ($r > $s) { + @order[($s,$r)]=@order[($r,$s)]; + $r--; + $s++; + } + + $num_left--; + return(\@order); + } + + sub get_permutations_left { + return $num_left; + } +} + +sub check_commas { + my ($response)=@_; + #print("$response "); + my @numbers=split(',',$response); + #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." "); + if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) { + #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." "); + if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; } + shift(@numbers); + #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." "); + while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) { + #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." "); + if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; } + shift(@numbers); + } + my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]); + #print(" number ".$number." "); + #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." "); + if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; } + } else { + my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]); + if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; } + } + return 1; +} + sub caparesponse_check { - #not properly used yet: calc - #not to be used: $ans_fmt - my ($answer,$type,$tol,$sig,$ans_fmt,$unit,$calc) = - eval $_[1].';return ($answer,$type,$tol,$sig,$ans_fmt,$unit,$calc);'; - - my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done - my $sig_lbound=''; #done - my $sig_ubound=''; #done - my ($response,$expr)=@_; - - - #type's definitons come from capaParser.h - my $message=''; - #remove leading and trailing whitespace - if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) { - $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g; - $message .="Removed ws now :$response:
"; - } else { - $message .="no ws in :$response:
"; - } - - if ($type eq '' ) { - $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type:$expr: defaulting
"; - if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2; - } else { $type = 3; } - } else { - if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; - } elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3; - } elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; - } elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; - } elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; - } else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" } - } - - if ($tol eq '') { - $tol=0.0; - $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE - } else { - if ($tol =~ /%$/) { - chop $tol; - $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE - } else { - $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE - } - } - - if ($sig eq '') { - $sig_lbound = 0; #SIG_LB_DEFAULT - $sig_ubound =15; #SIG_UB_DEFAULT - } else { - ($sig_lbound,$sig_ubound) = split /,/,$sig; - } - my $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type, - $tol_type,$tol, - $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound, - $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc); - - if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; } - elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; } - elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; } - elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; } - elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; } - elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; } - elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; } - elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; } - elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; } - elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; } - elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; } - elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; } - else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";} - - return "$result:
Error $error:
Answer $answer:
Response $response:
type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|
$message$expr"; -} - -sub get_array_args { - my ($expr,$arg)=@_; - # do these first, because who knows what varname the instructor might have used - # but it probably isn't $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer - my $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer = eval $expr.';return $'.$arg; #' - my (@list) = eval $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer; - my $result=''; - $result.="error:$@:
"; - # if the eval fails just use what is in the answer exactly - if (!defined(@list) || !defined($list[0])) { - $result.="list zero is undefined
"; - $list[0]=$CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer; - } - return @list; + my ($answer,$response)=@_; + #not properly used yet: calc + #not to be used: $ans_fmt + my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'}; + my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'}; + my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'}; + my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'}; + my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'}; + my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'}; + my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'}; + + my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done + my $sig_lbound=''; #done + my $sig_ubound=''; #done + + + #type's definitons come from capaParser.h + + #remove leading and trailing whitespace + if (!defined($response)) { + $response=''; + } + if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) { + $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g; + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Removed ws now :$response:"); + } + + #&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type "); + if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { + #for string answers make sure all places spaces occur, there is + #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response + $answer=~s/ +/ /g; + $response=~s/ +/ /g; + } elsif ($type eq 'mc') { + $answer=~s/[\s,]//g; + $response=~s/[\s,]//g; + } + if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) { + if ($response!~/^\$|\$$/) { return ('NO_UNIT', undef); } + $response=~s/\$//g; + } + if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) { + return "COMMA_FAIL:"; + } + $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g; + $unit=~s/[\$,]//g; + if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; } + + if (length($response) > 500) { return ('TOO_LONG',undef); } + + if ($type eq '' ) { + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting"); + if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2; + } else { $type = 3; } + } else { + if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; } + elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 } + elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; } + elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; } + elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; } + elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; } + elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; } + elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; } + else { return ('ERROR', "Unknown type of answer: $type") } + } + + my $points; + my $id_list; + #formula type setup the sample points + if ($type eq '8') { + ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples); + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples"); + } + if ($tol eq '') { + $tol=0.0; + $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE + } else { + if ($tol =~ /%$/) { + chop $tol; + $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE + } else { + $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE + } + } + + ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig); + + my $reterror=""; + my $result; + if (($type eq '9') || ($type eq '8')) { + if ($response=~/\=/) { + return ('BAD_FORMULA','Please submit just an expression, not an equation.'); + } elsif ($response =~ /\,/ and $response !~ /^\s*\{.*\}\s*$/) { + return ('BAD_FORMULA'); + } + } + if ($type eq '9') { + $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror); + } else { + if ($type eq '8') { # fml type + $response = &capa_formula_fix($response); + $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer); + } + $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type, + $tol_type,$tol, + $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound, + $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list, + $points,$external::randomseed, + \$reterror); + } + if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; } + elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; } + elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; } + elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; } + elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; } + elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; } + elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; } + elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; } + elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; } + elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; } + elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; } + elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; } + elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; } + elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; } + elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } + elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } + elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } + elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; } + else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";} + + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("RetError $reterror: Answer $answer: Response $response: type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|"); + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" $answer $response $result "); + return ($result,$reterror); } + sub caparesponse_check_list { - my ($response,$expr)=@_; - my (@list) = &get_array_args($expr,'answer'); - my $aresult=''; - my $current_answer; - $result.="Got response :$CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer:$list[0]:
"; - my @responselist; - my $type =eval $expr.';return $answer;'; - if ($type ne '' && $#list > 0) { - (@responselist)=split /,/,$response; - } else { - (@responselist)=($response); - } - my $unit=''; - $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:
"; - if ($type eq '') { - #for numerical problems split off the unit - if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) { - $responselist['-1']=$1; - $unit=$2; - } - } - $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:
"; - $result.=":$#list: answers
"; - $unit=~s/\s//; - my $i=0; - my $awards=''; - for ($i=0; $i<@list;$i++) { - $result.="trying answer :$list[$i]:
"; - if ($unit eq '') { - $aresult=&caparesponse_check($responselist[$i], - $expr.';my $answer=\''.$list[$i].'\';'); - } else { - $aresult=&caparesponse_check($responselist[$i]." $unit", - $expr.';my $answer=\''.$list[$i].'\';'); - } - my ($temp)=split /:/, $aresult; - $awards.="$temp,"; - $result.=$aresult; - } - chop $awards; - return "$awards:
$result"; + my $responses=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'}; + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args)); + my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'}; + my $answerunit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'}; + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Got type :$type: answer unit :$answerunit:\n"); + + my $num_input_lines = + scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}}); + + if ($type ne '' ) { + if (scalar(@$responses) < $num_input_lines) { + return 'MISSING_ANSWER'; + } + if (scalar(@$responses) > $num_input_lines) { + return 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; + } + + } + + foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) { + my $answer_size = + scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]}); + if ($type ne '' + && $answer_size > 1) { + $responses->[$which]=[split(/,/,$responses->[$which])]; + } else { + $responses->[$which]=[$responses->[$which]]; + } + } + foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) { + my $answer_size = + scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]}); + my $response_size = + scalar(@{$responses->[$which]}); + if ($answer_size > $response_size) { + return 'MISSING_ANSWER'; + } + if ($answer_size < $response_size) { + return 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; + } + } + + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Initial final response :$responses->[0][-1]:"); + my $unit; + if ($type eq 'float' || $type eq '') { + #for numerical problems split off the unit +# if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) { + if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /^([\d\.\,\s\$]*(?:(?:[xX\*]10[\^\*]*|[eE]*)[\+\-]*\d*)*(?:^|\S)\d+)([\$\s\w\^\*\/\(\)\+\-]*[^\d\.\s\,][\$\s\w\^\*\/\(\)\+\-]*)$/ ) { + $responses->[0][-1]=$1; + $unit=&capa_formula_fix($2); + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found unit :$unit:"); + } + } + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Final final response :$responses->[0][-1]:$unit:"); + $unit=~s/\s//; + my $error; + foreach my $response (@$responses) { + foreach my $element (@$response) { + if (($type eq 'float') || (($type eq '') && ($unit ne ''))) { + $element =~ s/\s//g; + } + my $appendunit=$unit; +# Deal with percentages +# unit is unit entered by student, answerunit is unit by author +# Deprecated: divide answer by 100 if student entered percent, +# but author did not. Too much confusion +# if (($unit=~/\%/) && ($answerunit ne '%')) { +# $element=$element/100; +# $appendunit=~s/\%//; +# } +# Author entered percent, student did not + if (($unit!~/\%/) && ($answerunit=~/\%/)) { + $element=$element*100; + $appendunit='%'.$appendunit; + } +# Zero does not need a dimension + if (($element==0) && ($unit!~/\w/) && ($answerunit=~/\w/)) { + $appendunit=$answerunit; + } + if ($appendunit ne '') { + $element .= " $appendunit"; + } + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Made response element :$element:"); + } + } + + foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { + if (!defined($thisanswer)) { + return ('ERROR','answer was undefined'); + } + } + + my $allow_control_char = 0; + my $control_chars_removed = 0; + my $ansstring; + if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { + if (ref($LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}) eq 'ARRAY') { + foreach my $strans (@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}}) { + if (ref($strans) eq 'ARRAY') { + $ansstring = join("\0",@{$strans}); + foreach my $item (@{$strans}) { + if ($item =~ /[\000-\037]/) { + $allow_control_char = 1; + } + } + } + } + } + } + +# &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_Dumper($responses)); + my %memoized; + if ($LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'} eq 'ordered') { + for (my $i=0; $i{'answers'}[$i]; + my $response = $responses->[$i]; + my $key = "$answer\0$response"; + my (@awards,@msgs); + for (my $j=0; $j[$j] =~ /[\000-\037]/) { + $response->[$j] =~ s/[\000-\037]//g; + $control_chars_removed = 1; + } + } + } + my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j], + $response->[$j]); + if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { + $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j], + $answer->[$j]); + } + push(@awards,$award); + push(@msgs, $msg); + } + my ($award,$msg) = + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); + $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg]; + } + } else { + #FIXME broken with unorder responses where one is a + # and the other is a (need to delay parse til + # inside the loop?) + foreach my $response (@$responses) { + my $response_size = scalar(@{$response}); + foreach my $answer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { + my $key = "$answer\0$response"; + my $answer_size = scalar(@{$answer}); + my ($award,$msg); + if ($answer_size > $response_size) { + $award = 'MISSING_ANSWER'; + } elsif ($answer_size < $response_size) { + $award = 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; + } else { + my (@awards,@msgs); + for (my $j=0; $j[$j] =~ /[\000-\037]/) { + $response->[$j] =~ s/[\000-\037]//g; + $control_chars_removed = 1; + } + } + } + my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j], + $response->[$j]); + if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { + $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j], + $answer->[$j]); + } + push(@awards,$award); + push(@msgs, $msg); + } + ($award,$msg) = + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); + } + $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg]; + } + } + } + + my ($final_award,$final_msg); + &init_permutation(scalar(@$responses), + $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'}); + + # possible FIXMEs + # - significant time is spent calling non-safe space routine + # from safe space + # - early outs could be possible with classifying awards is to stratas + # and stopping as so as hitting the top strata + # - some early outs also might be possible with check ing the + # memoized hash of results (is correct even possible? etc.) + + my (@final_awards,@final_msg); + while( &get_permutations_left() ) { + my $order = &get_next_permutation(); + my (@awards, @msgs, $i); + foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { + my $key = "$thisanswer\0".$responses->[$order->[$i]]; + push(@awards,$memoized{$key}[0]); + push(@msgs,$memoized{$key}[1]); + $i++; + + } + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all awards ".join(':',@awards)); + + my ($possible_award,$possible_msg) = + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" pos awards ".$possible_award); + push(@final_awards,$possible_award); + push(@final_msg,$possible_msg); + } + + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all final_awards ".join(':',@final_awards)); + my ($final_award,$final_msg) = + &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@final_awards,\@final_msg,undef,1); + return ($final_award,$final_msg,$error,$control_chars_removed,$ansstring); +} + +sub verify_stringresponse { + my ($type,$award,$resp,$ans) = @_; + return if ($award eq 'EXACT_ANS'); + my $error; + if ($resp =~ /^\s|\s$/) { + $resp =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g; + } + if ($ans =~ /^\s|\s$/) { + $ans =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g; + } + if ($type eq 'ci') { + $resp = lc($resp); + $ans = lc($ans); + } + if ($resp eq $ans) { + if ($award eq 'INCORRECT') { + $error = 'MISGRADED'; + } + } + return $error; +} + +sub cas { + my ($system,$input,$library)=@_; + my $output; + my $dump; + if ($system eq 'maxima') { + $output=&maxima_eval($input,$library); + } elsif ($system eq 'R') { + ($output,$dump)=&r_eval($input,$library,0); + } else { + $output='Error: unrecognized CAS'; + } + return $output; +} + +sub cas_hashref { + my ($system,$input,$library)=@_; + if ($system eq 'maxima') { + return 'Error: unsupported CAS'; + } elsif ($system eq 'R') { + return &r_eval($input,$library,1); + } else { + return 'Error: unrecognized CAS'; + } +} + +# +# cas_hashref_entry takes a list of indices and gets the entry in a hash generated by Rreturn. +# Call: cas_hashref_entry(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn. +# Rentry will return the first scalar value it encounters (ignoring excess indices). +# If an invalid key is given, it returns undef. +# +sub cas_hashref_entry { + return &Rentry(@_); +} + +# +# cas_hashref_array takes a list of indices and gets a column array from a hash generated by Rreturn. +# Call: cas_hashref_array(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn. +# If an invalid key is given, it returns undef. +# +sub cas_hashref_array { + return &Rarray(@_); } sub tex { - if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { - return @_[0]; - } else { - return @_[1]; - } + if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { + return $_[0]; + } else { + return $_[1]; + } } sub var_in_tex { - if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { - return @_[0]; - } else { - return ""; - } + if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { + return $_[0]; + } else { + return ""; + } } sub web { - if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { - return @_[1]; - } else { - if ( $external::target eq "web") { - return @_[2]; + if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { + return $_[1]; } else { - return @_[0]; + if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") { + return $_[2]; + } else { + return $_[0]; + } } - } } sub html { - if ( $external::target eq "web" ) { - return shift; - } -} - -sub problem { - return '1'; + if ( $external::target eq "web" ) { + return shift; + } } sub hinton { - return 0; + return 0; } sub random { - my ($start,$end,$step)=@_; - if ( ! $RANDOMINIT ) { srand($external::randomseed); $RANDOMINIT=1; } - my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step); - my $result=$start + int(rand() * $num)*$step; - return $result; + my ($start,$end,$step)=@_; + if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) { + if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; } + if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) { + my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed); + &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1)); + } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) { + my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed); + &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2)); + } else { + &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed))); + } + &math_random_uniform(); + $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1; + } + if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; } + my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step); + my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step; + return $result; } sub random_normal { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_beta { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_gamma { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_exponential { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_poisson { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_chi { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_noncentral_chi { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_f { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_noncentral_f { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_multivariate_normal { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_multinomial { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_permutation { - my ($seed,@inArray) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray); - return @retArray; + my ($seed,@inArray) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_uniform { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_uniform_integer { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_binomial { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p); - return @retArray; + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; } sub random_negative_binomial { - my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_; - my @retArray; - &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); - @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p); - return @retArray; -} - -sub abs { abs(shift) } -sub sin { sin(shift) } -sub cos { cos(shift) } -sub exp { exp(shift) } -sub int { int(shift) } -sub log { log(shift) } -sub atan2 { atan2($_[0],$_[1]) } -sub sqrt { sqrt(shift) } + my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); + my @retArray; + &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); + @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p); + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return @retArray; +} + +sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) } +sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) } +sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) } +sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) } +sub int { CORE::int(shift) } +sub log { CORE::log(shift) } +sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) } +sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) } -sub tan { sin($_[0]) / cos($_[0]) } +sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) } #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); } #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); } #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); } -sub log10 { log($_[0])/log(10); } +sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); } sub factorial { - my $input = int(shift); + my $input = CORE::int(shift); return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0; return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170; return 1 if $input == 0; @@ -384,17 +830,193 @@ sub sub_string { } sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; } -sub ceil {return (($_[0]-int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (int($_[0])+ 1) : int($_[0])); } -sub floor {return (($_[0]-int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? int($_[0]) : (int($_[0])-1)); } +sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); } +sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); } #sub floor {return int($_[0]); } sub format { - my ($value,$fmt)=@_; - return sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value); + my ($value,$fmt)=@_; + my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options); + if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; } + #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; } + #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; } + if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; } + my $result; + if ($fmt=~/s$/i) { + $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt); + } else { + $fmt=~s/e/E/g; + $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value); + if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; } + $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/; + } + #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);} + #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);} + return $result; +} + +sub chemparse { + my ($reaction) = @_; + my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction); + my $formula = ''; + foreach my $token (@tokens) { + if ($token eq '->' ) { + $formula .= '\ensuremath{\rightarrow} '; + next; + } + if ($token eq '<-' ) { + $formula .= '\ensuremath{\leftarrow} '; + next; + } + if ($token eq '<=>') { + if ($external::target eq 'web' && + &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) { + $formula .= '⇌ '; + } else { + $formula .= &web('<=> ','\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons} ', + '<=> '); + } + next; + } + if ($token eq '.') { + $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//; + $formula .= '·'; + next; + } + $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/; + $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient + + my $molecule = $2; + # subscripts + $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|$1|g; + # superscripts + $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|$1|g; + # strip whitespace + $molecule =~ s/\s*//g; + # forced space + $molecule =~ s/_/ /g; + $molecule =~ s/-/−/g; + $formula .= $molecule.' '; + } + # get rid of trailing space + $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//; + return &xmlparse($formula); +} + +sub prettyprint { + my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_; + my $result; + if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; } + if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); } + my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options); + if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; } + if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; } + if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; } + if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; } + if ($fmt=~/s$/i) { + $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt); + } elsif ($fmt) { + $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value); + } + if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { + if ($target eq 'tex') { + $value .='\\ensuremath{.}'; + } else { + $value .='.'; + } + } + if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) { + my $frac=$1; + if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); } + if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); } + my $exponent=$2; + $exponent=~s/^\+0*//; + $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/; + $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/; + if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); } + if ($exponent) { + if ($target eq 'web') { + $result=$frac.'×10'.$exponent.''; + } elsif ($target eq 'tex') { + $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}'; + } else { + $result=$value; + } + } else { + $result=$frac; + } + } else { + $result=$value; + if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); } + elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); } + } + return $result; +} + +sub commaformat { + my ($number,$target) = @_; + if ($number =~ /\./) { + while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) { + $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4; + } + } else { + while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) { + $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4; + } + } + return $number; +} + +sub dollarformat { + my ($number,$target) = @_; + if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; } + $number=&commaformat($number,$target); + if ($target eq 'tex') { + $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs + } else { + $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs + } + return $number; +} + +# format of form ns or nS where n is an integer +sub format_significant_figures { + my ($number,$format) = @_; + return '0' if ($number == 0); + # extract number of significant figures needed + my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i); + # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message? + $sig = 3 if ($sig eq ''); + # save the minus sign + my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : ''; + $number = abs($number); + # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or + my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1; + # could round up. Take the integer part of log10. + my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10)); + # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs. + my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power); + # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly + my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig); + # save any trailing zero's + my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/); + # return number to original magnitude + my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power); + # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point + $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/; + # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig + $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/); + if (length($numSig) < $sig) { + $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig))); + } + # return number with sign + return $sign.$numSig; + } sub map { my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase); &random_set_seed(@seed); my $destct = scalar(@$dest); @@ -406,6 +1028,7 @@ sub map { $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]]; $ctr++; } + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); return @output; } else { my $num = scalar(@$source); @@ -425,10 +1048,13 @@ sub map { } } } + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return ''; } sub rmap { my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_; + my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase); &random_set_seed(@seed); my $destct = scalar(@$dest); @@ -446,6 +1072,7 @@ sub rmap { $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]]; $ctr++; } + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); return @output; } else { my $num = scalar(@$source); @@ -471,6 +1098,8 @@ sub rmap { } } } + &random_set_seed(@oldseed); + return ''; } sub capa_id { return } @@ -478,108 +1107,168 @@ sub capa_id { return } sub problem { return } sub name{ - my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename'); - $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", "; - $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g; - return $fullname; + my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename'); + $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", "; + $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g; + return $fullname; } sub student_number { - my $id = &EXT('environment.id'); - $id = '' if $id eq ""; - return $id; + my $id = &EXT('environment.id'); + $id = '' if $id eq ""; + return $id; } sub class { - my $course = &EXT('course.description'); - $course = '' if $course eq ""; - return $course; + my $course = &EXT('course.description'); + $course = '' if $course eq ""; + return $course; +} + +sub firstname { + my $firstname = &EXT('environment.firstname'); + $firstname = '' if $firstname eq ""; + return $firstname; +} + +sub lastname { + my $lastname = &EXT('environment.lastname'); + $lastname = '' if $lastname eq ""; + return $lastname; } sub sec { - my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec'); - $sec = '' if $sec eq ""; - return $sec; + my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec'); + $sec = '' if $sec eq ""; + return $sec; +} + +sub submission { + my ($partid,$responseid,$subnumber)=@_; + my $sub=''; + if ($subnumber) { $sub=$subnumber.':'; } + return &EXT('user.resource.'.$sub.'resource.'.$partid.'.'.$responseid.'.submission'); +} + +sub currentpart { + return $external::part; +} + +sub eval_time { + my ($timestamp)=@_; + unless ($timestamp) { return ''; } + return &locallocaltime($timestamp); } sub open_date { - my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate'))); - return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969); - my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]); - my $ampm = " am"; - if ($hm[0] > 12) { - $hm[0]-=12; - $ampm = " pm"; - } - return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm; -} - -sub due_date { - my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate'))); - return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969); - my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]); - my $ampm = " am"; - if ($hm[0] > 12) { - $hm[0]-=12; - $ampm = " pm"; - } - return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm; -# return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$dc[3]; + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate')); +} + +sub due_date { + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate')); } sub answer_date { - my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate'))); - return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969); - my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]); - my $ampm = " am"; - if ($hm[0] > 12) { - $hm[0]-=12; - $ampm = " pm"; - } - return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm; -# return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$dc[3]; + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate')); +} + +sub open_date_epoch { + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate'); +} + +sub due_date_epoch { + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate'); +} + +sub answer_date_epoch { + my ($partid)=@_; + unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } + return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate'); } sub array_moments { - my @input=@_; - my (@output,$N); - $N=scalar (@input); - $output[0]=$N; - if ($N <= 1) { - $output[1]=$input[0]; - $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0); - $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1"; - $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1"; - $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1"; + my @input=@_; + my (@output,$N); + $N=scalar (@input); + $output[0]=$N; + if ($N <= 1) { + $output[1]=$input[0]; + $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0); + $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1"; + $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1"; + $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1"; + return @output; + } + my $sum=0; + foreach my $line (@input) { + $sum+=$line; + } + $output[1] = $sum/$N; + my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0; + foreach my $line (@input) { + $x=$line-$output[1]; + $var+=$x**2; + $skew+=$x**3; + $kurt+=$x**4; + } + $output[2]=$var/($N-1); + $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]); + if ($sdev == 0) { + $output[3]="inf-variance=0"; + $output[4]="inf-variance=0"; + return @output; + } + $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N); + $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3; return @output; - } - my $sum=0; - foreach my $line (@input) { - $sum+=$line; - } - $output[1] = $sum/$N; - my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0; - foreach my $line (@input) { - $x=$line-$output[1]; - $var+=$x**2; - $skew+=$x**3; - $kurt+=$x**4; - } - $output[2]=$var/($N-1); - $sdev=sqrt($output[2]); - if ($sdev == 0) { - $output[3]="inf-variance=0"; - $output[4]="inf-variance=0"; - return @output; - } - $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N); - $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3; - return @output; } sub choose { - my $num = $_[0]; - return $_[$num]; + my $num = $_[0]; + return $_[$num]; } +#&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })}); +#sub sum1 { +# my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_; +# my $sum=0; +# for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) { +# $sum+=&$sub($i); +# } +# return $sum +#} + +#&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')'); +#sub sum2 { +# my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_; +# my $sum=0; +# for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) { +# my $func=sub { +# eval("\$".$varname."=$i"); +# eval($line); +# }; +# $sum+=&$func($i); +# } +# return $sum +#} + +# expiremental idea +sub proper_path { + my ($path)=@_; + if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { + return '/home/httpd/html'.$path; + } else { + return $path; + } +}