Annotation of loncom/homework/default_homework.lcpm, revision 1.150
1.42 albertel 1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
1.1 harris41 2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
1.42 albertel 3: #
1.150 ! raeburn 4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.149 2010/10/14 19:54:56 raeburn Exp $
1.42 albertel 5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
1.20 harris41 28: #
1.76 albertel 29:
1.25 albertel 30: #init some globals
1.38 albertel 31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
1.22 ng 32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
1.44 matthew 35: $"=' ';
1.116 albertel 36: use strict;
37: {
38: my $n = 0;
39: my $total = 0;
40: my $num_left = 0;
41: my @order;
42: my $type;
43:
44: sub init_permutation {
45: my ($size,$requested_type) = @_;
46: @order = (0..$size-1);
47: $n = $size;
48: $type = $requested_type;
49: if ($type eq 'ordered') {
50: $total = $num_left = 1;
51: } elsif ($type eq 'unordered') {
52: $total = $num_left = &factorial($size);
53: } else {
54: die("Unkown type: $type");
55: }
56: }
57:
58: sub get_next_permutation {
59: if ($num_left == $total) {
60: $num_left--;
1.117 albertel 61: return \@order;
1.116 albertel 62: }
63:
64: # Find largest index j with a[j] < a[j+1]
65:
66: my $j = scalar(@order) - 2;
67: while ($order[$j] > $order[$j+1]) {
68: $j--;
69: }
70:
71: # Find index k such that a[k] is smallest integer
72: # greater than a[j] to the right of a[j]
73:
74: my $k = scalar(@order) - 1;
75: while ($order[$j] > $order[$k]) {
76: $k--;
77: }
78:
79: # Interchange a[j] and a[k]
80:
81: @order[($k,$j)] = @order[($j,$k)];
82:
83: # Put tail end of permutation after jth position in increasing order
84:
85: my $r = scalar(@order) - 1;
86: my $s = $j + 1;
87:
88: while ($r > $s) {
89: @order[($s,$r)]=@order[($r,$s)];
90: $r--;
91: $s++;
92: }
93:
94: $num_left--;
1.117 albertel 95: return(\@order);
1.116 albertel 96: }
97:
98: sub get_permutations_left {
99: return $num_left;
100: }
101: }
1.3 albertel 102:
1.91 albertel 103: sub check_commas {
104: my ($response)=@_;
105: #print("$response ");
106: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
107: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
108: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
109: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
110: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
111: shift(@numbers);
112: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
113: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
114: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
115: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
116: shift(@numbers);
117: }
118: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
119: #print(" number ".$number." ");
120: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
121: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
122: } else {
123: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
124: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
125: }
126: return 1;
127: }
128:
1.117 albertel 129:
1.7 albertel 130: sub caparesponse_check {
1.74 albertel 131: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
1.73 albertel 132: #not properly used yet: calc
133: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
1.74 albertel 134: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
135: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
136: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
1.88 albertel 137: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
1.74 albertel 138: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
139: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
140: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
1.73 albertel 141:
142: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
143: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
144: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
145:
146:
147: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
1.116 albertel 148:
1.73 albertel 149: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
150: if (!defined($response)) {
151: $response='';
152: }
153: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
154: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
1.119 albertel 155: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Removed ws now :$response:");
1.73 albertel 156: }
1.116 albertel 157:
1.117 albertel 158: #&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
1.100 albertel 159: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
1.130 www 160: #for string answers make sure all places spaces occur, there is
1.76 albertel 161: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
162: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
163: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
1.100 albertel 164: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
165: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
166: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
1.76 albertel 167: }
1.91 albertel 168: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
1.126 www 169: if ($response!~/^\$|\$$/) { return ('NO_UNIT', undef); }
1.88 albertel 170: $response=~s/\$//g;
171: }
1.91 albertel 172: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
173: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
174: }
1.88 albertel 175: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
1.91 albertel 176: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
177: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
1.88 albertel 178:
1.117 albertel 179: if (length($response) > 500) { return ('TOO_LONG',undef); }
1.73 albertel 180:
181: if ($type eq '' ) {
1.119 albertel 182: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting");
1.73 albertel 183: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
184: } else { $type = 3; }
185: } else {
1.107 albertel 186: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
1.73 albertel 187: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
188: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
189: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
1.107 albertel 190: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; }
1.73 albertel 191: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
192: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
193: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
1.117 albertel 194: else { return ('ERROR', "Unknown type of answer: $type") }
1.73 albertel 195: }
196:
197: my $points;
198: my $id_list;
199: #formula type setup the sample points
200: if ($type eq '8') {
201: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
1.119 albertel 202: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples");
1.73 albertel 203: }
204: if ($tol eq '') {
205: $tol=0.0;
206: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
207: } else {
208: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
209: chop $tol;
210: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
211: } else {
212: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
213: }
214: }
215:
1.85 albertel 216: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
217:
1.73 albertel 218: my $reterror="";
1.107 albertel 219: my $result;
1.142 raeburn 220: if (($type eq '9') || ($type eq '8')) {
221: if ($response=~/\=/) {
222: return ('BAD_FORMULA','Please submit just an expression, not an equation.');
1.143 riegler 223: } elsif ($response =~ /\,/ and $response !~ /^\s*\{.*\}\s*$/) {
1.142 raeburn 224: return ('BAD_FORMULA');
225: }
226: }
1.107 albertel 227: if ($type eq '9') {
1.108 www 228: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror);
1.107 albertel 229: } else {
1.109 albertel 230: if ($type eq '8') { # fml type
231: $response = &capa_formula_fix($response);
232: $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer);
233: }
234: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
1.73 albertel 235: $tol_type,$tol,
236: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
237: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
238: $points,$external::randomseed,
239: \$reterror);
1.107 albertel 240: }
1.73 albertel 241: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
242: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
243: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
244: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
245: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
246: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
247: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
248: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
249: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
250: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
251: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
1.94 albertel 252: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
253: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
1.77 albertel 254: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
255: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
256: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
257: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
258: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
1.73 albertel 259: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
260:
1.119 albertel 261: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("RetError $reterror: Answer $answer: Response $response: type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|");
262: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" $answer $response $result ");
1.139 raeburn 263: return ($result,$reterror);
1.37 albertel 264: }
265:
1.73 albertel 266:
1.37 albertel 267: sub caparesponse_check_list {
1.119 albertel 268: my $responses=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
1.105 albertel 269: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
1.74 albertel 270: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
1.133 www 271: my $answerunit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
272: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Got type :$type: answer unit :$answerunit:\n");
1.119 albertel 273:
274: my $num_input_lines =
275: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}});
1.120 albertel 276:
277: if ($type ne '' ) {
1.119 albertel 278: if (scalar(@$responses) < $num_input_lines) {
1.105 albertel 279: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
280: }
1.119 albertel 281: if (scalar(@$responses) > $num_input_lines) {
282: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
283: }
284:
285: }
286:
287: foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) {
288: my $answer_size =
289: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]});
290: if ($type ne ''
291: && $answer_size > 1) {
292: $responses->[$which]=[split(/,/,$responses->[$which])];
293: } else {
294: $responses->[$which]=[$responses->[$which]];
295: }
296: }
297: foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) {
298: my $answer_size =
299: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]});
300: my $response_size =
301: scalar(@{$responses->[$which]});
302: if ($answer_size > $response_size) {
303: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
304: }
305: if ($answer_size < $response_size) {
1.105 albertel 306: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
307: }
1.73 albertel 308: }
1.119 albertel 309:
310: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Initial final response :$responses->[0][-1]:");
1.105 albertel 311: my $unit;
1.140 raeburn 312: if ($type eq 'float' || $type eq '') {
1.73 albertel 313: #for numerical problems split off the unit
1.128 www 314: # if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
1.132 www 315: if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /^([\d\.\,\s\$]*(?:(?:[xX\*]10[\^\*]*|[eE]*)[\+\-]*\d*)*(?:^|\S)\d+)([\$\s\w\^\*\/\(\)\+\-]*[^\d\.\s\,][\$\s\w\^\*\/\(\)\+\-]*)$/ ) {
1.119 albertel 316: $responses->[0][-1]=$1;
1.128 www 317: $unit=&capa_formula_fix($2);
318: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found unit :$unit:");
1.73 albertel 319: }
320: }
1.119 albertel 321: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Final final response :$responses->[0][-1]:$unit:");
1.73 albertel 322: $unit=~s/\s//;
1.149 raeburn 323: my $error;
1.133 www 324: foreach my $response (@$responses) {
325: foreach my $element (@$response) {
1.138 raeburn 326: if (($type eq 'float') || (($type eq '') && ($unit ne ''))) {
327: $element =~ s/\s//g;
328: }
1.133 www 329: my $appendunit=$unit;
1.147 www 330: # Deal with percentages
331: # unit is unit entered by student, answerunit is unit by author
332: # Deprecated: divide answer by 100 if student entered percent,
333: # but author did not. Too much confusion
1.146 www 334: # if (($unit=~/\%/) && ($answerunit ne '%')) {
335: # $element=$element/100;
336: # $appendunit=~s/\%//;
337: # }
1.147 www 338: # Author entered percent, student did not
339: if (($unit!~/\%/) && ($answerunit=~/\%/)) {
340: $element=$element*100;
341: $appendunit='%'.$appendunit;
342: }
343: # Zero does not need a dimension
1.133 www 344: if (($element==0) && ($unit!~/\w/) && ($answerunit=~/\w/)) {
345: $appendunit=$answerunit;
346: }
1.148 raeburn 347: if ($appendunit ne '') {
348: $element .= " $appendunit";
349: }
1.133 www 350: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Made response element :$element:");
351: }
1.119 albertel 352: }
353:
1.117 albertel 354: foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) {
355: if (!defined($thisanswer)) {
356: return ('ERROR','answer was undefined');
357: }
358: }
359:
1.150 ! raeburn 360: my $allow_control_char = 0;
! 361: my $control_chars_removed = 0;
! 362: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
! 363: if (ref($LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
! 364: foreach my $strans (@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}}) {
! 365: if ($strans =~ /[\000-\037]/) {
! 366: $allow_control_char = 1;
! 367: }
! 368: }
! 369: }
! 370: }
1.117 albertel 371:
1.121 albertel 372: # &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_Dumper($responses));
1.117 albertel 373: my %memoized;
374: if ($LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'} eq 'ordered') {
1.119 albertel 375: for (my $i=0; $i<scalar(@$responses);$i++) {
1.117 albertel 376: my $answer = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$i];
1.119 albertel 377: my $response = $responses->[$i];
1.117 albertel 378: my $key = "$answer\0$response";
1.119 albertel 379: my (@awards,@msgs);
1.150 ! raeburn 380: for (my $j=0; $j<scalar(@$response); $j++) {
! 381: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
! 382: unless ($allow_control_char) {
! 383: if ($response->[$j] =~ /[\000-\037]/) {
! 384: $response->[$j] =~ s/[\000-\037]//g;
! 385: $control_chars_removed = 1;
! 386: }
! 387: }
! 388: }
1.119 albertel 389: my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j],
390: $response->[$j]);
1.149 raeburn 391: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
392: $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j],
393: $answer->[$j]);
394: }
1.119 albertel 395: push(@awards,$award);
396: push(@msgs, $msg);
397: }
398: my ($award,$msg) =
399: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs);
400: $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg];
1.117 albertel 401: }
402: } else {
1.119 albertel 403: #FIXME broken with unorder responses where one is a <value>
404: # and the other is a <vector> (need to delay parse til
405: # inside the loop?)
406: foreach my $response (@$responses) {
407: my $response_size = scalar(@{$response});
1.117 albertel 408: foreach my $answer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) {
409: my $key = "$answer\0$response";
1.119 albertel 410: my $answer_size = scalar(@{$answer});
411: my ($award,$msg);
412: if ($answer_size > $response_size) {
413: $award = 'MISSING_ANSWER';
414: } elsif ($answer_size < $response_size) {
415: $award = 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
416: } else {
417: my (@awards,@msgs);
418: for (my $j=0; $j<scalar(@$response); $j++) {
1.150 ! raeburn 419: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
! 420: unless ($allow_control_char) {
! 421: if ($response->[$j] =~ /[\000-\037]/) {
! 422: $response->[$j] =~ s/[\000-\037]//g;
! 423: $control_chars_removed = 1;
! 424: }
! 425: }
! 426: }
1.119 albertel 427: my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j],
428: $response->[$j]);
1.149 raeburn 429: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
430: $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j],
431: $answer->[$j]);
432: }
1.119 albertel 433: push(@awards,$award);
434: push(@msgs, $msg);
435: }
436: ($award,$msg) =
437: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs);
438: }
439: $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg];
1.117 albertel 440: }
441: }
442: }
443:
1.116 albertel 444: my ($final_award,$final_msg);
1.119 albertel 445: &init_permutation(scalar(@$responses),
1.116 albertel 446: $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'});
1.117 albertel 447:
1.118 albertel 448: # possible FIXMEs
449: # - significant time is spent calling non-safe space routine
450: # from safe space
451: # - early outs could be possible with classifying awards is to stratas
452: # and stopping as so as hitting the top strata
453: # - some early outs also might be possible with check ing the
454: # memoized hash of results (is correct even possible? etc.)
455:
1.117 albertel 456: my (@final_awards,@final_msg);
1.116 albertel 457: while( &get_permutations_left() ) {
1.117 albertel 458: my $order = &get_next_permutation();
1.116 albertel 459: my (@awards, @msgs, $i);
460: foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) {
1.119 albertel 461: my $key = "$thisanswer\0".$responses->[$order->[$i]];
1.117 albertel 462: push(@awards,$memoized{$key}[0]);
463: push(@msgs,$memoized{$key}[1]);
1.116 albertel 464: $i++;
1.119 albertel 465:
1.116 albertel 466: }
1.119 albertel 467: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all awards ".join(':',@awards));
468:
1.116 albertel 469: my ($possible_award,$possible_msg) =
470: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs);
1.119 albertel 471: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" pos awards ".$possible_award);
1.117 albertel 472: push(@final_awards,$possible_award);
473: push(@final_msg,$possible_msg);
1.73 albertel 474: }
1.117 albertel 475:
1.119 albertel 476: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all final_awards ".join(':',@final_awards));
1.117 albertel 477: my ($final_award,$final_msg) =
478: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@final_awards,\@final_msg,undef,1);
1.150 ! raeburn 479: return ($final_award,$final_msg,$error,$control_chars_removed);
1.149 raeburn 480: }
481:
482: sub verify_stringresponse {
483: my ($type,$award,$resp,$ans) = @_;
484: return if ($award eq 'EXACT_ANS');
485: my $error;
486: if ($resp =~ /^\s|\s$/) {
487: $resp =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g;
488: }
489: if ($ans =~ /^\s|\s$/) {
490: $ans =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g;
491: }
492: if ($type eq 'ci') {
493: $resp = lc($resp);
494: $ans = lc($ans);
495: }
496: if ($resp eq $ans) {
497: if ($award eq 'INCORRECT') {
498: $error = 'MISGRADED';
499: }
500: }
501: return $error;
1.7 albertel 502: }
503:
1.124 www 504: sub cas {
1.137 www 505: my ($system,$input,$library)=@_;
1.124 www 506: my $output;
1.145 www 507: my $dump;
1.124 www 508: if ($system eq 'maxima') {
1.137 www 509: $output=&maxima_eval($input,$library);
1.144 www 510: } elsif ($system eq 'R') {
1.145 www 511: ($output,$dump)=&r_eval($input,$library,0);
1.137 www 512: } else {
513: $output='Error: unrecognized CAS';
1.124 www 514: }
515: return $output;
516: }
517:
1.145 www 518: sub cas_hashref {
519: my ($system,$input,$library)=@_;
520: if ($system eq 'maxima') {
521: return 'Error: unsupported CAS';
522: } elsif ($system eq 'R') {
523: return &r_eval($input,$library,1);
524: } else {
525: return 'Error: unrecognized CAS';
526: }
527: }
528:
529: #
530: # cas_hashref_entry takes a list of indices and gets the entry in a hash generated by Rreturn.
531: # Call: cas_hashref_entry(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn.
532: # Rentry will return the first scalar value it encounters (ignoring excess indices).
533: # If an invalid key is given, it returns undef.
534: #
535: sub cas_hashref_entry {
536: return &Rentry(@_);
537: }
538:
539: #
540: # cas_hashref_array takes a list of indices and gets a column array from a hash generated by Rreturn.
541: # Call: cas_hashref_array(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn.
542: # If an invalid key is given, it returns undef.
543: #
544: sub cas_hashref_array {
545: return &Rarray(@_);
546: }
547:
1.4 albertel 548: sub tex {
1.73 albertel 549: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
550: return $_[0];
551: } else {
552: return $_[1];
553: }
1.4 albertel 554: }
555:
1.24 ng 556: sub var_in_tex {
1.73 albertel 557: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
558: return $_[0];
559: } else {
560: return "";
561: }
1.24 ng 562: }
563:
1.4 albertel 564: sub web {
1.73 albertel 565: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
566: return $_[1];
1.26 ng 567: } else {
1.73 albertel 568: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
569: return $_[2];
570: } else {
571: return $_[0];
572: }
1.4 albertel 573: }
574: }
575:
1.24 ng 576: sub html {
1.73 albertel 577: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
578: return shift;
579: }
1.24 ng 580: }
581:
1.1 harris41 582: sub hinton {
1.73 albertel 583: return 0;
1.1 harris41 584: }
585:
586: sub random {
1.61 albertel 587: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
588: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
589: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
590: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
1.84 albertel 591: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
592: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
593: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
594: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
1.61 albertel 595: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
596: } else {
597: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
598: }
599: &math_random_uniform();
600: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
601: }
602: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
603: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
604: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
605: return $result;
1.1 harris41 606: }
607:
1.26 ng 608: sub random_normal {
1.73 albertel 609: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
610: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
611: my @retArray;
612: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
613: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
614: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
615: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 616: }
617:
618: sub random_beta {
1.73 albertel 619: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
620: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
621: my @retArray;
622: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
623: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
624: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
625: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 626: }
627:
628: sub random_gamma {
1.73 albertel 629: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
630: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
631: my @retArray;
632: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
633: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
634: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
635: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 636: }
637:
638: sub random_exponential {
1.73 albertel 639: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
640: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
641: my @retArray;
642: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
643: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
644: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
645: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 646: }
647:
648: sub random_poisson {
1.73 albertel 649: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
650: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
651: my @retArray;
652: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
653: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
654: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
655: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 656: }
657:
658: sub random_chi {
1.73 albertel 659: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
660: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
661: my @retArray;
662: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
663: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
664: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
665: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 666: }
667:
668: sub random_noncentral_chi {
1.73 albertel 669: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
670: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
671: my @retArray;
672: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
673: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
674: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
675: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 676: }
677:
678: sub random_f {
1.73 albertel 679: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
680: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
681: my @retArray;
682: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
683: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
684: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
685: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 686: }
687:
688: sub random_noncentral_f {
1.73 albertel 689: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
690: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
691: my @retArray;
692: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
693: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
694: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
695: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 696: }
697:
698: sub random_multivariate_normal {
1.73 albertel 699: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
700: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
701: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
1.87 albertel 702: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
1.73 albertel 703: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
704: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 705: }
706:
707: sub random_multinomial {
1.73 albertel 708: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
709: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
710: my @retArray;
711: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
1.87 albertel 712: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
1.73 albertel 713: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
714: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 715: }
716:
717: sub random_permutation {
1.73 albertel 718: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
719: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
720: my @retArray;
721: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
722: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
723: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
724: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 725: }
726:
727: sub random_uniform {
1.73 albertel 728: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
729: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
730: my @retArray;
731: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
732: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
733: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
734: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 735: }
736:
737: sub random_uniform_integer {
1.73 albertel 738: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
739: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
740: my @retArray;
741: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
742: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
743: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
744: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 745: }
746:
747: sub random_binomial {
1.73 albertel 748: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
749: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
750: my @retArray;
751: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
752: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
753: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
754: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 755: }
756:
757: sub random_negative_binomial {
1.73 albertel 758: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
759: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
760: my @retArray;
761: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
762: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
763: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
764: return @retArray;
1.26 ng 765: }
766:
1.103 albertel 767: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
768: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
769: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
770: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
771: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
772: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
773: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
774: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
1.23 ng 775:
1.59 albertel 776: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
1.21 harris41 777: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
778: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
779: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
1.22 ng 780:
1.59 albertel 781: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
1.22 ng 782:
1.20 harris41 783: sub factorial {
1.59 albertel 784: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
1.20 harris41 785: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
786: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
787: return 1 if $input == 0;
788: my $result = 1;
789: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
790: return $result;
791: }
792:
793: sub sgn {
794: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
795: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
796: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
797: }
798:
799: sub min {
800: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
801: return shift @sorted;
802: }
803:
804: sub max {
805: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
806: return pop @sorted;
807: }
1.1 harris41 808:
1.20 harris41 809: sub roundto {
810: my ($input,$n) = @_;
811: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
812: }
813:
814: sub to_string {
815: my ($input,$n) = @_;
1.26 ng 816: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
817: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
1.20 harris41 818: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
819: }
820:
821: sub sub_string {
822: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
823: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
824: }
1.1 harris41 825:
826: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
1.59 albertel 827: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
828: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
1.27 ng 829: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
1.1 harris41 830:
1.2 albertel 831: sub format {
1.73 albertel 832: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
1.81 albertel 833: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
834: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
835: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
836: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
1.82 albertel 837: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
1.99 ng 838: my $result;
1.97 albertel 839: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
840: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
841: } else {
842: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
1.99 ng 843: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
1.97 albertel 844: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
845: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
846: }
1.81 albertel 847: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
848: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
1.73 albertel 849: return $result;
1.46 albertel 850: }
851:
1.75 albertel 852: sub chemparse {
853: my ($reaction) = @_;
1.96 albertel 854: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
1.75 albertel 855: my $formula = '';
856: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
857: if ($token eq '->' ) {
858: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
859: next;
860: }
1.96 albertel 861: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
862: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
863: next;
864: }
1.75 albertel 865: if ($token eq '<=>') {
866: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
867: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
1.76 albertel 868: $formula .= '⇌ ';
1.75 albertel 869: } else {
870: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
1.95 albertel 871: '<=> ');
1.75 albertel 872: }
873: next;
874: }
1.96 albertel 875: if ($token eq '.') {
876: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
877: $formula .= '·';
878: next;
879: }
880: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
1.90 albertel 881: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
1.75 albertel 882:
883: my $molecule = $2;
884: # subscripts
1.78 albertel 885: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
1.75 albertel 886: # superscripts
887: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
888: # strip whitespace
889: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
890: # forced space
891: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
1.96 albertel 892: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
1.75 albertel 893: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
894: }
895: # get rid of trailing space
1.87 albertel 896: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
1.75 albertel 897: return &xmlparse($formula);
898: }
899:
1.46 albertel 900: sub prettyprint {
1.73 albertel 901: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
902: my $result;
903: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
1.75 albertel 904: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
1.81 albertel 905: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
906: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
1.86 albertel 907: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
1.81 albertel 908: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
909: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
1.97 albertel 910: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
911: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
912: } elsif ($fmt) {
913: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
914: }
1.81 albertel 915: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
916: if ($target eq 'tex') {
917: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
918: } else {
919: $value .='.';
920: }
921: }
1.73 albertel 922: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
923: my $frac=$1;
924: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
1.80 albertel 925: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
1.73 albertel 926: my $exponent=$2;
927: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
928: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
929: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
930: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
931: if ($exponent) {
932: if ($target eq 'web') {
933: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
934: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
935: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
936: } else {
937: $result=$value;
938: }
939: } else {
940: $result=$frac;
941: }
942: } else {
1.48 albertel 943: $result=$value;
1.86 albertel 944: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
945: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
1.46 albertel 946: }
1.73 albertel 947: return $result;
1.48 albertel 948: }
949:
1.80 albertel 950: sub commaformat {
1.73 albertel 951: my ($number,$target) = @_;
952: if ($number =~ /\./) {
1.102 albertel 953: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
954: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
1.73 albertel 955: }
956: } else {
1.102 albertel 957: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
958: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
1.73 albertel 959: }
960: }
1.80 albertel 961: return $number;
962: }
963:
964: sub dollarformat {
965: my ($number,$target) = @_;
966: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
967: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
1.73 albertel 968: if ($target eq 'tex') {
969: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
970: } else {
971: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
972: }
973: return $number;
1.2 albertel 974: }
1.5 albertel 975:
1.97 albertel 976: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
977: sub format_significant_figures {
978: my ($number,$format) = @_;
979: return '0' if ($number == 0);
980: # extract number of significant figures needed
981: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
982: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
983: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
984: # save the minus sign
985: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
986: $number = abs($number);
987: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
988: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
989: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
990: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
991: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
992: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
993: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
994: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
995: # save any trailing zero's
996: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
997: # return number to original magnitude
998: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
999: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
1000: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
1.98 albertel 1001: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
1002: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
1003: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
1004: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
1005: }
1.97 albertel 1006: # return number with sign
1007: return $sign.$numSig;
1008:
1009: }
1010:
1.5 albertel 1011: sub map {
1.27 ng 1012: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
1.51 albertel 1013: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
1.27 ng 1014: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
1015: &random_set_seed(@seed);
1016: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
1.28 ng 1017: if (!$source) {
1018: my @output;
1019: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
1020: my $ctr = 0;
1021: while ($ctr < $destct) {
1022: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
1.27 ng 1023: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 1024: }
1.51 albertel 1025: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
1.28 ng 1026: return @output;
1.27 ng 1027: } else {
1.28 ng 1028: my $num = scalar(@$source);
1029: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
1030: my $ctr = 0;
1031: my $tot = $num;
1032: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
1033: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
1034: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1035: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
1036: $ctr++;
1037: }
1038: } else {
1039: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1040: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
1041: $ctr++;
1042: }
1043: }
1.27 ng 1044: }
1.56 albertel 1045: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
1.51 albertel 1046: return '';
1.27 ng 1047: }
1048:
1049: sub rmap {
1050: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
1.51 albertel 1051: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
1.27 ng 1052: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
1053: &random_set_seed(@seed);
1054: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
1.28 ng 1055: if (!$source) {
1056: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
1057: my $ctr = 0;
1058: my @r_idx;
1059: while ($ctr < $destct) {
1060: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
1061: $ctr++;
1062: }
1063: my @output;
1064: $ctr = 0;
1065: while ($ctr < $destct) {
1066: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
1.27 ng 1067: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 1068: }
1.51 albertel 1069: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
1.28 ng 1070: return @output;
1.27 ng 1071: } else {
1.28 ng 1072: my $num = scalar(@$source);
1073: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
1074: my $ctr = 0;
1075: my $tot = $num;
1076: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
1077: my @r_idx;
1.27 ng 1078: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1.28 ng 1079: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
1.27 ng 1080: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 1081: }
1082: $ctr = 0;
1083: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
1084: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1085: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
1086: $ctr++;
1087: }
1088: } else {
1089: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1090: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
1091: $ctr++;
1092: }
1093: }
1.6 albertel 1094: }
1.51 albertel 1095: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
1096: return '';
1.5 albertel 1097: }
1.22 ng 1098:
1.23 ng 1099: sub capa_id { return }
1100:
1101: sub problem { return }
1102:
1.22 ng 1103: sub name{
1.73 albertel 1104: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
1105: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
1106: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
1107: return $fullname;
1.22 ng 1108: }
1109:
1110: sub student_number {
1.73 albertel 1111: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
1112: $id = '' if $id eq "";
1113: return $id;
1.22 ng 1114: }
1115:
1116: sub class {
1.73 albertel 1117: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
1118: $course = '' if $course eq "";
1119: return $course;
1.22 ng 1120: }
1121:
1.112 www 1122: sub firstname {
1123: my $firstname = &EXT('environment.firstname');
1124: $firstname = '' if $firstname eq "";
1125: return $firstname;
1126: }
1127:
1128: sub lastname {
1129: my $lastname = &EXT('environment.lastname');
1130: $lastname = '' if $lastname eq "";
1131: return $lastname;
1132: }
1133:
1.22 ng 1134: sub sec {
1.73 albertel 1135: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
1136: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
1137: return $sec;
1.22 ng 1138: }
1139:
1.136 www 1140: sub submission {
1141: my ($partid,$responseid,$subnumber)=@_;
1142: my $sub='';
1143: if ($subnumber) { $sub=$subnumber.':'; }
1144: return &EXT('user.resource.'.$sub.'resource.'.$partid.'.'.$responseid.'.submission');
1145: }
1146:
1147: sub currentpart {
1148: return $external::part;
1149: }
1150:
1.135 www 1151: sub eval_time {
1152: my ($timestamp)=@_;
1153: unless ($timestamp) { return ''; }
1154: return &locallocaltime($timestamp);
1155: }
1156:
1.23 ng 1157: sub open_date {
1.134 www 1158: my ($partid)=@_;
1159: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1.135 www 1160: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate'));
1.23 ng 1161: }
1162:
1.134 www 1163: sub due_date {
1164: my ($partid)=@_;
1165: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1.135 www 1166: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate'));
1.23 ng 1167: }
1168:
1169: sub answer_date {
1.134 www 1170: my ($partid)=@_;
1171: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1.135 www 1172: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate'));
1.24 ng 1173: }
1174:
1.136 www 1175: sub open_date_epoch {
1176: my ($partid)=@_;
1177: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1178: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate');
1179: }
1180:
1181: sub due_date_epoch {
1182: my ($partid)=@_;
1183: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1184: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate');
1185: }
1186:
1187: sub answer_date_epoch {
1188: my ($partid)=@_;
1189: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; }
1190: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate');
1191: }
1192:
1.24 ng 1193: sub array_moments {
1.73 albertel 1194: my @input=@_;
1195: my (@output,$N);
1196: $N=scalar (@input);
1197: $output[0]=$N;
1198: if ($N <= 1) {
1199: $output[1]=$input[0];
1200: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
1201: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
1202: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
1203: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
1204: return @output;
1205: }
1206: my $sum=0;
1207: foreach my $line (@input) {
1208: $sum+=$line;
1209: }
1210: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
1211: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
1212: foreach my $line (@input) {
1213: $x=$line-$output[1];
1214: $var+=$x**2;
1215: $skew+=$x**3;
1216: $kurt+=$x**4;
1217: }
1218: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
1219: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
1220: if ($sdev == 0) {
1221: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
1222: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
1223: return @output;
1224: }
1225: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
1226: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
1.24 ng 1227: return @output;
1228: }
1.5 albertel 1229:
1230: sub choose {
1.73 albertel 1231: my $num = $_[0];
1232: return $_[$num];
1.5 albertel 1233: }
1.23 ng 1234:
1.101 albertel 1235: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
1236: #sub sum1 {
1237: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
1238: # my $sum=0;
1239: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
1240: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
1241: # }
1242: # return $sum
1243: #}
1244:
1245: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
1246: #sub sum2 {
1247: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
1248: # my $sum=0;
1249: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
1250: # my $func=sub {
1251: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
1252: # eval($line);
1253: # };
1254: # $sum+=&$func($i);
1255: # }
1256: # return $sum
1257: #}
1258:
1.49 albertel 1259: # expiremental idea
1260: sub proper_path {
1.73 albertel 1261: my ($path)=@_;
1262: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
1263: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
1264: } else {
1265: return $path;
1266: }
1.49 albertel 1267: }
1.23 ng 1268:
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