Annotation of loncom/homework/default_homework.lcpm, revision 1.42
1.42 ! albertel 1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
1.1 harris41 2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
1.42 ! albertel 3: #
! 4: # $Id: gplheader.pl,v 1.1 2001/11/29 18:19:27 www Exp $
! 5: #
! 6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
! 7: #
! 8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
! 9: #
! 10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
! 11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
! 12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
! 13: # (at your option) any later version.
! 14: #
! 15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
! 16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
! 17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
! 18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
! 19: #
! 20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
! 21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
! 22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
! 23: #
! 24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
! 25: #
! 26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
! 27: #
1.20 harris41 28: #
29: # Guy Albertelli
30: #
31: # 05/25/2001 H. K. Ng
1.24 ng 32: # 05/31/2001 H. K. Ng
1.20 harris41 33: #
1.25 albertel 34: #init some globals
1.38 albertel 35: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
1.22 ng 36: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
37: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
38: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
1.3 albertel 39:
1.7 albertel 40: sub caparesponse_check {
1.36 albertel 41: #not properly used yet: calc
42: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
1.39 albertel 43: my ($answer,$type,$tol,$sig,$ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$samples) =
44: eval $_[1].
45: ';return ($answer,$type,$tol,$sig,$ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$samples);';
1.36 albertel 46:
1.10 albertel 47: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
1.19 albertel 48: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
49: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
1.7 albertel 50: my ($response,$expr)=@_;
1.31 albertel 51:
1.32 albertel 52:
1.8 albertel 53: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
1.31 albertel 54: my $message='';
1.32 albertel 55: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
56: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
57: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
58: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:<br />";
59: } else {
60: $message .="no ws in :$response:<br />";
61: }
62:
1.8 albertel 63: if ($type eq '' ) {
1.31 albertel 64: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type:$expr: defaulting<br />";
1.8 albertel 65: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
66: } else { $type = 3; }
67: } else {
68: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4;
69: } elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3;
70: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5;
71: } elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8;
1.9 albertel 72: } elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7;
1.41 albertel 73: } elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2;
74: } elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1;
1.9 albertel 75: } else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
1.8 albertel 76: }
77:
1.39 albertel 78: my $points;
79: my $id_list;
80: #formula type setup the sample points
81: if ($type eq '8') {
82: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
83: $message.="Found :$points: points<br />";
84: }
1.10 albertel 85: if ($tol eq '') {
86: $tol=0.0;
87: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
88: } else {
89: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
1.12 albertel 90: chop $tol;
1.10 albertel 91: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
92: } else {
93: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
94: }
95: }
1.12 albertel 96:
97: if ($sig eq '') {
98: $sig_lbound = 0; #SIG_LB_DEFAULT
99: $sig_ubound =15; #SIG_UB_DEFAULT
100: } else {
101: ($sig_lbound,$sig_ubound) = split /,/,$sig;
102: }
1.7 albertel 103: my $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
1.10 albertel 104: $tol_type,$tol,
1.7 albertel 105: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
1.39 albertel 106: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
107: $points,$external::randomseed);
1.9 albertel 108:
109: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
110: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
111: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
112: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
113: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
114: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
115: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
116: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
117: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
118: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
119: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
120: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
1.13 albertel 121: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
1.9 albertel 122:
1.36 albertel 123: return "$result:<br />Error $error:<br />Answer $answer:<br />Response $response:<br /> type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|<br />$message$expr";
1.14 albertel 124: }
125:
1.37 albertel 126: sub get_array_args {
127: my ($expr,$arg)=@_;
1.30 albertel 128: # do these first, because who knows what varname the instructor might have used
129: # but it probably isn't $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer
1.37 albertel 130: my $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer = eval $expr.';return $'.$arg; #'
1.40 albertel 131: my $GET_ARRAY_ARGS_result;
132: my @GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list;
1.39 albertel 133: if ($CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer =~ /^\s*[\$\@]/) {
1.40 albertel 134: (@GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list) = eval $CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer;
1.39 albertel 135: }
1.40 albertel 136: $GET_ARRAY_ARGS_result.="error:$@:<br />";
1.31 albertel 137: # if the eval fails just use what is in the answer exactly
1.40 albertel 138: if (!defined(@GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list) || !defined($GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list[0])) {
139: $GET_ARRAY_ARGS_result.="list zero is undefined<br />";
140: $GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list[0]=$CAPARESPONSE_CHECK_LIST_answer;
1.31 albertel 141: }
1.40 albertel 142: return $GET_ARRAY_ARGS_result,@GET_ARRAY_ARGS_list;
1.37 albertel 143: }
144:
145: sub caparesponse_check_list {
146: my ($response,$expr)=@_;
1.40 albertel 147: my $result;
148: my ($result,@list) = &get_array_args($expr,'answer');
1.15 albertel 149: my $aresult='';
1.14 albertel 150: my $current_answer;
1.39 albertel 151: my $answers=join(':',@list);
152: $result.="Got response :$answers:<br />";
1.31 albertel 153: my @responselist;
1.32 albertel 154: my $type =eval $expr.';return $answer;';
1.31 albertel 155: if ($type ne '' && $#list > 0) {
156: (@responselist)=split /,/,$response;
157: } else {
158: (@responselist)=($response);
159: }
1.15 albertel 160: my $unit='';
1.31 albertel 161: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:<br />";
162: if ($type eq '') {
163: #for numerical problems split off the unit
164: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
165: $responselist['-1']=$1;
166: $unit=$2;
167: }
1.15 albertel 168: }
1.31 albertel 169: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:<br />";
170: $result.=":$#list: answers<br />";
1.14 albertel 171: $unit=~s/\s//;
172: my $i=0;
173: my $awards='';
174: for ($i=0; $i<@list;$i++) {
1.31 albertel 175: $result.="trying answer :$list[$i]:<br />";
1.19 albertel 176: if ($unit eq '') {
177: $aresult=&caparesponse_check($responselist[$i],
1.31 albertel 178: $expr.';my $answer=\''.$list[$i].'\';');
1.19 albertel 179: } else {
180: $aresult=&caparesponse_check($responselist[$i]." $unit",
1.31 albertel 181: $expr.';my $answer=\''.$list[$i].'\';');
1.19 albertel 182: }
1.15 albertel 183: my ($temp)=split /:/, $aresult;
1.14 albertel 184: $awards.="$temp,";
1.15 albertel 185: $result.=$aresult;
1.14 albertel 186: }
187: chop $awards;
1.17 albertel 188: return "$awards:<br />$result";
1.7 albertel 189: }
190:
1.4 albertel 191: sub tex {
192: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
193: return @_[0];
194: } else {
195: return @_[1];
196: }
197: }
198:
1.24 ng 199: sub var_in_tex {
200: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
201: return @_[0];
202: } else {
203: return "";
204: }
205: }
206:
1.4 albertel 207: sub web {
208: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
209: return @_[1];
210: } else {
211: if ( $external::target eq "web") {
1.26 ng 212: return @_[2];
213: } else {
1.4 albertel 214: return @_[0];
215: }
216: }
217: }
218:
1.24 ng 219: sub html {
220: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
1.26 ng 221: return shift;
1.24 ng 222: }
223: }
224:
1.4 albertel 225: sub problem {
1.11 albertel 226: return '1';
1.4 albertel 227: }
228:
1.1 harris41 229: sub hinton {
230: return 0;
231: }
232:
233: sub random {
234: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
1.38 albertel 235: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
236: srand($external::randomseed);
237: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
238: }
1.1 harris41 239: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
240: my $result=$start + int(rand() * $num)*$step;
241: return $result;
242: }
243:
1.26 ng 244: sub random_normal {
245: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
246: my @retArray;
247: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
248: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
249: return @retArray;
250: }
251:
252: sub random_beta {
253: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
254: my @retArray;
255: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
256: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
257: return @retArray;
258: }
259:
260: sub random_gamma {
261: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
262: my @retArray;
263: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
264: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
265: return @retArray;
266: }
267:
268: sub random_exponential {
269: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
270: my @retArray;
271: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
272: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
273: return @retArray;
274: }
275:
276: sub random_poisson {
277: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
278: my @retArray;
279: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
280: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
281: return @retArray;
282: }
283:
284: sub random_chi {
285: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
286: my @retArray;
287: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
288: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
289: return @retArray;
290: }
291:
292: sub random_noncentral_chi {
293: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
294: my @retArray;
295: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
296: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
297: return @retArray;
298: }
299:
300: sub random_f {
301: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
302: my @retArray;
303: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
304: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
305: return @retArray;
306: }
307:
308: sub random_noncentral_f {
309: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
310: my @retArray;
311: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
312: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
313: return @retArray;
314: }
315:
316: sub random_multivariate_normal {
1.33 ng 317: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
1.26 ng 318: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
1.33 ng 319: @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
1.26 ng 320: return @retArray;
321: }
322:
323: sub random_multinomial {
324: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
325: my @retArray;
326: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
327: @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
328: return @retArray;
329: }
330:
331: sub random_permutation {
332: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
333: my @retArray;
334: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
335: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
336: return @retArray;
337: }
338:
339: sub random_uniform {
340: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
341: my @retArray;
342: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
343: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
344: return @retArray;
345: }
346:
347: sub random_uniform_integer {
348: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
349: my @retArray;
350: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
351: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
352: return @retArray;
353: }
354:
355: sub random_binomial {
356: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
357: my @retArray;
358: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
359: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
360: return @retArray;
361: }
362:
363: sub random_negative_binomial {
364: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
365: my @retArray;
366: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
367: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
368: return @retArray;
369: }
370:
1.23 ng 371: sub abs { abs(shift) }
372: sub sin { sin(shift) }
373: sub cos { cos(shift) }
374: sub exp { exp(shift) }
375: sub int { int(shift) }
376: sub log { log(shift) }
377: sub atan2 { atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
378: sub sqrt { sqrt(shift) }
379:
1.1 harris41 380: sub tan { sin($_[0]) / cos($_[0]) }
1.21 harris41 381: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
382: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
383: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
1.22 ng 384:
1.18 albertel 385: sub log10 { log($_[0])/log(10); }
1.22 ng 386:
1.20 harris41 387: sub factorial {
388: my $input = int(shift);
389: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
390: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
391: return 1 if $input == 0;
392: my $result = 1;
393: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
394: return $result;
395: }
396:
397: sub sgn {
398: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
399: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
400: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
401: }
402:
403: sub min {
404: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
405: return shift @sorted;
406: }
407:
408: sub max {
409: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
410: return pop @sorted;
411: }
1.1 harris41 412:
1.20 harris41 413: sub roundto {
414: my ($input,$n) = @_;
415: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
416: }
417:
418: sub to_string {
419: my ($input,$n) = @_;
1.26 ng 420: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
421: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
1.20 harris41 422: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
423: }
424:
425: sub sub_string {
426: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
427: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
428: }
1.1 harris41 429:
430: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
1.27 ng 431: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (int($_[0])+ 1) : int($_[0])); }
432: sub floor {return (($_[0]-int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? int($_[0]) : (int($_[0])-1)); }
433: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
1.1 harris41 434:
1.2 albertel 435: sub format {
436: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
1.11 albertel 437: return sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
1.2 albertel 438: }
1.5 albertel 439:
440: sub map {
1.27 ng 441: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
442: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
443: &random_set_seed(@seed);
444: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
1.28 ng 445: if (!$source) {
446: my @output;
447: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
448: my $ctr = 0;
449: while ($ctr < $destct) {
450: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
1.27 ng 451: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 452: }
453: return @output;
1.27 ng 454: } else {
1.28 ng 455: my $num = scalar(@$source);
456: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
457: my $ctr = 0;
458: my $tot = $num;
459: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
460: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
461: while ($ctr < $tot) {
462: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
463: $ctr++;
464: }
465: } else {
466: while ($ctr < $tot) {
467: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
468: $ctr++;
469: }
470: }
1.27 ng 471: }
472: }
473:
474: sub rmap {
475: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
476: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
477: &random_set_seed(@seed);
478: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
1.28 ng 479: if (!$source) {
480: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
481: my $ctr = 0;
482: my @r_idx;
483: while ($ctr < $destct) {
484: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
485: $ctr++;
486: }
487: my @output;
488: $ctr = 0;
489: while ($ctr < $destct) {
490: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
1.27 ng 491: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 492: }
493: return @output;
1.27 ng 494: } else {
1.28 ng 495: my $num = scalar(@$source);
496: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
497: my $ctr = 0;
498: my $tot = $num;
499: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
500: my @r_idx;
1.27 ng 501: while ($ctr < $tot) {
1.28 ng 502: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
1.27 ng 503: $ctr++;
1.28 ng 504: }
505: $ctr = 0;
506: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
507: while ($ctr < $tot) {
508: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
509: $ctr++;
510: }
511: } else {
512: while ($ctr < $tot) {
513: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
514: $ctr++;
515: }
516: }
1.6 albertel 517: }
1.5 albertel 518: }
1.22 ng 519:
1.23 ng 520: sub capa_id { return }
521:
522: sub problem { return }
523:
1.22 ng 524: sub name{
525: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
526: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
1.26 ng 527: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
1.22 ng 528: return $fullname;
529: }
530:
531: sub student_number {
532: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
533: $id = '' if $id eq "";
534: return $id;
535: }
536:
537: sub class {
538: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
539: $course = '' if $course eq "";
540: return $course;
541: }
542:
543: sub sec {
544: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
1.23 ng 545: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
1.22 ng 546: return $sec;
547: }
548:
1.23 ng 549: sub open_date {
550: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
1.24 ng 551: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
552: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
553: my $ampm = " am";
554: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
555: $hm[0]-=12;
556: $ampm = " pm";
557: }
558: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
1.23 ng 559: }
560:
561: sub due_date {
562: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
1.24 ng 563: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
564: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
565: my $ampm = " am";
566: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
567: $hm[0]-=12;
568: $ampm = " pm";
569: }
570: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
571: # return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$dc[3];
1.23 ng 572: }
573:
574: sub answer_date {
575: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
1.24 ng 576: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
577: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
578: my $ampm = " am";
579: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
580: $hm[0]-=12;
581: $ampm = " pm";
582: }
583: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
584: # return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$dc[3];
585: }
586:
587: sub array_moments {
588: my @input=@_;
589: my (@output,$N);
590: $N=scalar (@input);
591: $output[0]=$N;
592: if ($N <= 1) {
593: $output[1]=$input[0];
1.28 ng 594: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
1.24 ng 595: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
596: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
597: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
598: return @output;
599: }
600: my $sum=0;
601: foreach my $line (@input) {
602: $sum+=$line;
603: }
604: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
605: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
606: foreach my $line (@input) {
607: $x=$line-$output[1];
608: $var+=$x**2;
609: $skew+=$x**3;
610: $kurt+=$x**4;
611: }
612: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
613: $sdev=sqrt($output[2]);
614: if ($sdev == 0) {
615: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
616: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
617: return @output;
618: }
619: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
620: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
621: return @output;
622: }
1.5 albertel 623:
624: sub choose {
625: my $num = $_[0];
626: return $_[$num];
627: }
1.23 ng 628:
629:
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