1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.102 2005/08/02 18:47:24 albertel Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
127: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
128: }
129:
130: my $points;
131: my $id_list;
132: #formula type setup the sample points
133: if ($type eq '8') {
134: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
135: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
136: }
137: if ($tol eq '') {
138: $tol=0.0;
139: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
140: } else {
141: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
142: chop $tol;
143: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
144: } else {
145: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
146: }
147: }
148:
149: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
150:
151: my $reterror="";
152: my $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
153: $tol_type,$tol,
154: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
155: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
156: $points,$external::randomseed,
157: \$reterror);
158:
159: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
160: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
161: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
162: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
163: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
164: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
165: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
166: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
167: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
168: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
169: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
170: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
171: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
172: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
173: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
174: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
175: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
176: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
177: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
178:
179: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
180: }
181:
182:
183: sub caparesponse_check_list {
184: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
185: my ($result,@list);
186: @list=@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer;
187: my $aresult='';
188: my $current_answer;
189: my $answers=join(':',@list);
190: $result.="Got response :$answers:\n";
191: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("<blink>Yo!</blink> got ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
192: my @responselist;
193: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
194: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
195: if ($type ne '' && $#list > 0) {
196: (@responselist)=split /,/,$response;
197: } else {
198: (@responselist)=($response);
199: }
200: my $unit='';
201: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
202: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
203: #for numerical problems split off the unit
204: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
205: $responselist['-1']=$1;
206: $unit=$2;
207: }
208: }
209: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
210: $result.=":$#list: answers\n";
211: $unit=~s/\s//;
212: my $i=0;
213: my $awards='';
214: my @msgs;
215: for ($i=0; $i<@list;$i++) {
216: my $msg;
217: $result.="trying answer :$list[$i]:\n";
218: my $thisanswer=$list[$i];
219: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
220: if ($unit eq '') {
221: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,$responselist[$i]);
222: } else {
223: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
224: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
225: }
226: my ($temp)=split /:/, $aresult;
227: $awards.="$temp,";
228: $result.=$aresult;
229: push(@msgs,$msg);
230: }
231: chop $awards;
232: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
233: }
234:
235: sub tex {
236: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
237: return $_[0];
238: } else {
239: return $_[1];
240: }
241: }
242:
243: sub var_in_tex {
244: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
245: return $_[0];
246: } else {
247: return "";
248: }
249: }
250:
251: sub web {
252: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
253: return $_[1];
254: } else {
255: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
256: return $_[2];
257: } else {
258: return $_[0];
259: }
260: }
261: }
262:
263: sub html {
264: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
265: return shift;
266: }
267: }
268:
269: sub hinton {
270: return 0;
271: }
272:
273: sub random {
274: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
275: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
276: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
277: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
278: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
279: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
280: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
281: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
282: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
283: } else {
284: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
285: }
286: &math_random_uniform();
287: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
288: }
289: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
290: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
291: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
292: return $result;
293: }
294:
295: sub random_normal {
296: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
297: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
298: my @retArray;
299: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
300: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
301: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
302: return @retArray;
303: }
304:
305: sub random_beta {
306: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
307: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
308: my @retArray;
309: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
310: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
311: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
312: return @retArray;
313: }
314:
315: sub random_gamma {
316: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
317: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
318: my @retArray;
319: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
320: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
321: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
322: return @retArray;
323: }
324:
325: sub random_exponential {
326: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
327: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
328: my @retArray;
329: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
330: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
331: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
332: return @retArray;
333: }
334:
335: sub random_poisson {
336: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
337: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
338: my @retArray;
339: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
340: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
341: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
342: return @retArray;
343: }
344:
345: sub random_chi {
346: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
347: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
348: my @retArray;
349: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
350: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
351: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
352: return @retArray;
353: }
354:
355: sub random_noncentral_chi {
356: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
357: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
358: my @retArray;
359: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
360: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
361: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
362: return @retArray;
363: }
364:
365: sub random_f {
366: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
367: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
368: my @retArray;
369: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
370: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
371: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
372: return @retArray;
373: }
374:
375: sub random_noncentral_f {
376: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
377: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
378: my @retArray;
379: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
380: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
381: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
382: return @retArray;
383: }
384:
385: sub random_multivariate_normal {
386: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
387: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
388: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
389: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
390: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
391: return @retArray;
392: }
393:
394: sub random_multinomial {
395: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
396: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
397: my @retArray;
398: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
399: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
400: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
401: return @retArray;
402: }
403:
404: sub random_permutation {
405: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
406: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
407: my @retArray;
408: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
409: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
410: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
411: return @retArray;
412: }
413:
414: sub random_uniform {
415: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
416: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
417: my @retArray;
418: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
419: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
420: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
421: return @retArray;
422: }
423:
424: sub random_uniform_integer {
425: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
426: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
427: my @retArray;
428: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
429: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
430: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
431: return @retArray;
432: }
433:
434: sub random_binomial {
435: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
436: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
437: my @retArray;
438: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
439: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
440: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
441: return @retArray;
442: }
443:
444: sub random_negative_binomial {
445: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
446: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
447: my @retArray;
448: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
449: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
450: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
451: return @retArray;
452: }
453:
454: sub abs { abs(shift) }
455: sub sin { sin(shift) }
456: sub cos { cos(shift) }
457: sub exp { exp(shift) }
458: sub int { int(shift) }
459: sub log { log(shift) }
460: sub atan2 { atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
461: sub sqrt { sqrt(shift) }
462:
463: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
464: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
465: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
466: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
467:
468: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
469:
470: sub factorial {
471: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
472: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
473: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
474: return 1 if $input == 0;
475: my $result = 1;
476: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
477: return $result;
478: }
479:
480: sub sgn {
481: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
482: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
483: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
484: }
485:
486: sub min {
487: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
488: return shift @sorted;
489: }
490:
491: sub max {
492: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
493: return pop @sorted;
494: }
495:
496: sub roundto {
497: my ($input,$n) = @_;
498: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
499: }
500:
501: sub to_string {
502: my ($input,$n) = @_;
503: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
504: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
505: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
506: }
507:
508: sub sub_string {
509: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
510: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
511: }
512:
513: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
514: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
515: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
516: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
517:
518: sub format {
519: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
520: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
521: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
522: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
523: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
524: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
525: my $result;
526: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
527: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
528: } else {
529: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
530: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
531: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
532: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
533: }
534: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
535: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
536: return $result;
537: }
538:
539: sub chemparse {
540: my ($reaction) = @_;
541: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
542: my $formula = '';
543: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
544: if ($token eq '->' ) {
545: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
546: next;
547: }
548: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
549: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
550: next;
551: }
552: if ($token eq '<=>') {
553: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
554: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
555: $formula .= '⇌ ';
556: } else {
557: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
558: '<=> ');
559: }
560: next;
561: }
562: if ($token eq '.') {
563: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
564: $formula .= '·';
565: next;
566: }
567: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
568: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
569:
570: my $molecule = $2;
571: # subscripts
572: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
573: # superscripts
574: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
575: # strip whitespace
576: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
577: # forced space
578: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
579: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
580: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
581: }
582: # get rid of trailing space
583: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
584: return &xmlparse($formula);
585: }
586:
587: sub prettyprint {
588: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
589: my $result;
590: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
591: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
592: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
593: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
594: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
595: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
596: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
597: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
598: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
599: } elsif ($fmt) {
600: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
601: }
602: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
603: if ($target eq 'tex') {
604: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
605: } else {
606: $value .='.';
607: }
608: }
609: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
610: my $frac=$1;
611: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
612: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
613: my $exponent=$2;
614: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
615: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
616: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
617: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
618: if ($exponent) {
619: if ($target eq 'web') {
620: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
621: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
622: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
623: } else {
624: $result=$value;
625: }
626: } else {
627: $result=$frac;
628: }
629: } else {
630: $result=$value;
631: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
632: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
633: }
634: return $result;
635: }
636:
637: sub commaformat {
638: my ($number,$target) = @_;
639: if ($number =~ /\./) {
640: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
641: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
642: }
643: } else {
644: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
645: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
646: }
647: }
648: return $number;
649: }
650:
651: sub dollarformat {
652: my ($number,$target) = @_;
653: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
654: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
655: if ($target eq 'tex') {
656: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
657: } else {
658: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
659: }
660: return $number;
661: }
662:
663: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
664: sub format_significant_figures {
665: my ($number,$format) = @_;
666: return '0' if ($number == 0);
667: # extract number of significant figures needed
668: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
669: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
670: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
671: # save the minus sign
672: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
673: $number = abs($number);
674: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
675: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
676: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
677: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
678: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
679: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
680: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
681: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
682: # save any trailing zero's
683: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
684: # return number to original magnitude
685: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
686: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
687: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
688: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
689: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
690: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
691: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
692: }
693: # return number with sign
694: return $sign.$numSig;
695:
696: }
697:
698: sub map {
699: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
700: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
701: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
702: &random_set_seed(@seed);
703: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
704: if (!$source) {
705: my @output;
706: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
707: my $ctr = 0;
708: while ($ctr < $destct) {
709: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
710: $ctr++;
711: }
712: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
713: return @output;
714: } else {
715: my $num = scalar(@$source);
716: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
717: my $ctr = 0;
718: my $tot = $num;
719: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
720: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
721: while ($ctr < $tot) {
722: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
723: $ctr++;
724: }
725: } else {
726: while ($ctr < $tot) {
727: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
728: $ctr++;
729: }
730: }
731: }
732: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
733: return '';
734: }
735:
736: sub rmap {
737: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
738: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
739: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
740: &random_set_seed(@seed);
741: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
742: if (!$source) {
743: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
744: my $ctr = 0;
745: my @r_idx;
746: while ($ctr < $destct) {
747: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
748: $ctr++;
749: }
750: my @output;
751: $ctr = 0;
752: while ($ctr < $destct) {
753: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
754: $ctr++;
755: }
756: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
757: return @output;
758: } else {
759: my $num = scalar(@$source);
760: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
761: my $ctr = 0;
762: my $tot = $num;
763: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
764: my @r_idx;
765: while ($ctr < $tot) {
766: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
767: $ctr++;
768: }
769: $ctr = 0;
770: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
771: while ($ctr < $tot) {
772: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
773: $ctr++;
774: }
775: } else {
776: while ($ctr < $tot) {
777: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
778: $ctr++;
779: }
780: }
781: }
782: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
783: return '';
784: }
785:
786: sub capa_id { return }
787:
788: sub problem { return }
789:
790: sub name{
791: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
792: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
793: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
794: return $fullname;
795: }
796:
797: sub student_number {
798: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
799: $id = '' if $id eq "";
800: return $id;
801: }
802:
803: sub class {
804: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
805: $course = '' if $course eq "";
806: return $course;
807: }
808:
809: sub sec {
810: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
811: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
812: return $sec;
813: }
814:
815: sub open_date {
816: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
817: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
818: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
819: my $ampm = " am";
820: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
821: $hm[0]-=12;
822: $ampm = " pm";
823: }
824: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
825: }
826:
827: sub due_date {
828: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
829: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
830: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
831: my $ampm = " am";
832: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
833: $hm[0]-=12;
834: $ampm = " pm";
835: }
836: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
837: }
838:
839: sub answer_date {
840: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
841: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
842: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
843: my $ampm = " am";
844: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
845: $hm[0]-=12;
846: $ampm = " pm";
847: }
848: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
849: }
850:
851: sub array_moments {
852: my @input=@_;
853: my (@output,$N);
854: $N=scalar (@input);
855: $output[0]=$N;
856: if ($N <= 1) {
857: $output[1]=$input[0];
858: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
859: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
860: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
861: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
862: return @output;
863: }
864: my $sum=0;
865: foreach my $line (@input) {
866: $sum+=$line;
867: }
868: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
869: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
870: foreach my $line (@input) {
871: $x=$line-$output[1];
872: $var+=$x**2;
873: $skew+=$x**3;
874: $kurt+=$x**4;
875: }
876: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
877: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
878: if ($sdev == 0) {
879: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
880: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
881: return @output;
882: }
883: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
884: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
885: return @output;
886: }
887:
888: sub choose {
889: my $num = $_[0];
890: return $_[$num];
891: }
892:
893: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
894: #sub sum1 {
895: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
896: # my $sum=0;
897: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
898: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
899: # }
900: # return $sum
901: #}
902:
903: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
904: #sub sum2 {
905: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
906: # my $sum=0;
907: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
908: # my $func=sub {
909: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
910: # eval($line);
911: # };
912: # $sum+=&$func($i);
913: # }
914: # return $sum
915: #}
916:
917: # expiremental idea
918: sub proper_path {
919: my ($path)=@_;
920: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
921: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
922: } else {
923: return $path;
924: }
925: }
926:
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