1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.105 2005/11/16 23:17:39 albertel Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
127: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
128: }
129:
130: my $points;
131: my $id_list;
132: #formula type setup the sample points
133: if ($type eq '8') {
134: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
135: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
136: }
137: if ($tol eq '') {
138: $tol=0.0;
139: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
140: } else {
141: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
142: chop $tol;
143: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
144: } else {
145: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
146: }
147: }
148:
149: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
150:
151: my $reterror="";
152: my $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
153: $tol_type,$tol,
154: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
155: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
156: $points,$external::randomseed,
157: \$reterror);
158:
159: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
160: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
161: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
162: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
163: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
164: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
165: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
166: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
167: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
168: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
169: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
170: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
171: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
172: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
173: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
174: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
175: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
176: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
177: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
178:
179: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
180: }
181:
182:
183: sub caparesponse_check_list {
184: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
185: my $result="Got response :".join(':',@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer).":\n";
186: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
187: my @responselist;
188: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
189: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
190: if ($type ne '' && $#LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer > 0) {
191: (@responselist)=split(/,/,$response);
192: if (@responselist < @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
193: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
194: }
195: if (@responselist > @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
196: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
197: }
198: } else {
199: (@responselist)=($response);
200: }
201: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
202: my $unit;
203: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
204: #for numerical problems split off the unit
205: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
206: $responselist['-1']=$1;
207: $unit=$2;
208: }
209: }
210: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
211: $unit=~s/\s//;
212:
213: my ($awards, @msgs);
214: foreach my $thisanswer (@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
215: my ($msg,$aresult);
216: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
217: if (defined($thisanswer)) {
218: if ($unit eq '') {
219: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
220: $responselist[$i]);
221: } else {
222: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
223: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
224: }
225: } else {
226: $aresult='ERROR';
227: $msg='answer was undefined';
228: }
229: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("after if $aresult -- $msg");
230: my ($temp)=split(/:/, $aresult);
231: $awards.="$temp,";
232: $result.=$aresult;
233: push(@msgs,$msg);
234: }
235: chop($awards);
236: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
237: }
238:
239: sub tex {
240: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
241: return $_[0];
242: } else {
243: return $_[1];
244: }
245: }
246:
247: sub var_in_tex {
248: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
249: return $_[0];
250: } else {
251: return "";
252: }
253: }
254:
255: sub web {
256: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
257: return $_[1];
258: } else {
259: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
260: return $_[2];
261: } else {
262: return $_[0];
263: }
264: }
265: }
266:
267: sub html {
268: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
269: return shift;
270: }
271: }
272:
273: sub hinton {
274: return 0;
275: }
276:
277: sub random {
278: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
279: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
280: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
281: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
282: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
283: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
284: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
285: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
286: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
287: } else {
288: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
289: }
290: &math_random_uniform();
291: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
292: }
293: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
294: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
295: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
296: return $result;
297: }
298:
299: sub random_normal {
300: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
301: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
302: my @retArray;
303: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
304: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
305: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
306: return @retArray;
307: }
308:
309: sub random_beta {
310: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
311: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
312: my @retArray;
313: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
314: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
315: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
316: return @retArray;
317: }
318:
319: sub random_gamma {
320: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
321: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
322: my @retArray;
323: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
324: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
325: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
326: return @retArray;
327: }
328:
329: sub random_exponential {
330: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
331: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
332: my @retArray;
333: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
334: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
335: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
336: return @retArray;
337: }
338:
339: sub random_poisson {
340: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
341: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
342: my @retArray;
343: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
344: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
345: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
346: return @retArray;
347: }
348:
349: sub random_chi {
350: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
351: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
352: my @retArray;
353: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
354: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
355: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
356: return @retArray;
357: }
358:
359: sub random_noncentral_chi {
360: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
361: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
362: my @retArray;
363: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
364: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
365: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
366: return @retArray;
367: }
368:
369: sub random_f {
370: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
371: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
372: my @retArray;
373: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
374: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
375: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
376: return @retArray;
377: }
378:
379: sub random_noncentral_f {
380: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
381: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
382: my @retArray;
383: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
384: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
385: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
386: return @retArray;
387: }
388:
389: sub random_multivariate_normal {
390: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
391: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
392: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
393: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
394: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
395: return @retArray;
396: }
397:
398: sub random_multinomial {
399: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
400: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
401: my @retArray;
402: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
403: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
404: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
405: return @retArray;
406: }
407:
408: sub random_permutation {
409: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
410: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
411: my @retArray;
412: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
413: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
414: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
415: return @retArray;
416: }
417:
418: sub random_uniform {
419: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
420: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
421: my @retArray;
422: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
423: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
424: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
425: return @retArray;
426: }
427:
428: sub random_uniform_integer {
429: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
430: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
431: my @retArray;
432: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
433: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
434: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
435: return @retArray;
436: }
437:
438: sub random_binomial {
439: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
440: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
441: my @retArray;
442: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
443: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
444: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
445: return @retArray;
446: }
447:
448: sub random_negative_binomial {
449: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
450: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
451: my @retArray;
452: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
453: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
454: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
455: return @retArray;
456: }
457:
458: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
459: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
460: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
461: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
462: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
463: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
464: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
465: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
466:
467: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
468: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
469: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
470: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
471:
472: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
473:
474: sub factorial {
475: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
476: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
477: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
478: return 1 if $input == 0;
479: my $result = 1;
480: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
481: return $result;
482: }
483:
484: sub sgn {
485: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
486: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
487: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
488: }
489:
490: sub min {
491: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
492: return shift @sorted;
493: }
494:
495: sub max {
496: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
497: return pop @sorted;
498: }
499:
500: sub roundto {
501: my ($input,$n) = @_;
502: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
503: }
504:
505: sub to_string {
506: my ($input,$n) = @_;
507: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
508: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
509: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
510: }
511:
512: sub sub_string {
513: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
514: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
515: }
516:
517: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
518: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
519: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
520: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
521:
522: sub format {
523: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
524: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
525: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
526: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
527: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
528: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
529: my $result;
530: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
531: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
532: } else {
533: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
534: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
535: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
536: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
537: }
538: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
539: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
540: return $result;
541: }
542:
543: sub chemparse {
544: my ($reaction) = @_;
545: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
546: my $formula = '';
547: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
548: if ($token eq '->' ) {
549: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
550: next;
551: }
552: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
553: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
554: next;
555: }
556: if ($token eq '<=>') {
557: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
558: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
559: $formula .= '⇌ ';
560: } else {
561: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
562: '<=> ');
563: }
564: next;
565: }
566: if ($token eq '.') {
567: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
568: $formula .= '·';
569: next;
570: }
571: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
572: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
573:
574: my $molecule = $2;
575: # subscripts
576: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
577: # superscripts
578: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
579: # strip whitespace
580: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
581: # forced space
582: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
583: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
584: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
585: }
586: # get rid of trailing space
587: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
588: return &xmlparse($formula);
589: }
590:
591: sub prettyprint {
592: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
593: my $result;
594: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
595: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
596: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
597: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
598: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
599: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
600: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
601: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
602: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
603: } elsif ($fmt) {
604: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
605: }
606: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
607: if ($target eq 'tex') {
608: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
609: } else {
610: $value .='.';
611: }
612: }
613: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
614: my $frac=$1;
615: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
616: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
617: my $exponent=$2;
618: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
619: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
620: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
621: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
622: if ($exponent) {
623: if ($target eq 'web') {
624: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
625: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
626: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
627: } else {
628: $result=$value;
629: }
630: } else {
631: $result=$frac;
632: }
633: } else {
634: $result=$value;
635: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
636: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
637: }
638: return $result;
639: }
640:
641: sub commaformat {
642: my ($number,$target) = @_;
643: if ($number =~ /\./) {
644: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
645: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
646: }
647: } else {
648: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
649: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
650: }
651: }
652: return $number;
653: }
654:
655: sub dollarformat {
656: my ($number,$target) = @_;
657: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
658: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
659: if ($target eq 'tex') {
660: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
661: } else {
662: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
663: }
664: return $number;
665: }
666:
667: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
668: sub format_significant_figures {
669: my ($number,$format) = @_;
670: return '0' if ($number == 0);
671: # extract number of significant figures needed
672: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
673: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
674: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
675: # save the minus sign
676: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
677: $number = abs($number);
678: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
679: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
680: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
681: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
682: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
683: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
684: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
685: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
686: # save any trailing zero's
687: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
688: # return number to original magnitude
689: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
690: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
691: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
692: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
693: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
694: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
695: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
696: }
697: # return number with sign
698: return $sign.$numSig;
699:
700: }
701:
702: sub map {
703: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
704: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
705: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
706: &random_set_seed(@seed);
707: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
708: if (!$source) {
709: my @output;
710: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
711: my $ctr = 0;
712: while ($ctr < $destct) {
713: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
714: $ctr++;
715: }
716: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
717: return @output;
718: } else {
719: my $num = scalar(@$source);
720: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
721: my $ctr = 0;
722: my $tot = $num;
723: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
724: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
725: while ($ctr < $tot) {
726: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
727: $ctr++;
728: }
729: } else {
730: while ($ctr < $tot) {
731: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
732: $ctr++;
733: }
734: }
735: }
736: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
737: return '';
738: }
739:
740: sub rmap {
741: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
742: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
743: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
744: &random_set_seed(@seed);
745: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
746: if (!$source) {
747: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
748: my $ctr = 0;
749: my @r_idx;
750: while ($ctr < $destct) {
751: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
752: $ctr++;
753: }
754: my @output;
755: $ctr = 0;
756: while ($ctr < $destct) {
757: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
758: $ctr++;
759: }
760: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
761: return @output;
762: } else {
763: my $num = scalar(@$source);
764: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
765: my $ctr = 0;
766: my $tot = $num;
767: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
768: my @r_idx;
769: while ($ctr < $tot) {
770: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
771: $ctr++;
772: }
773: $ctr = 0;
774: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
775: while ($ctr < $tot) {
776: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
777: $ctr++;
778: }
779: } else {
780: while ($ctr < $tot) {
781: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
782: $ctr++;
783: }
784: }
785: }
786: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
787: return '';
788: }
789:
790: sub capa_id { return }
791:
792: sub problem { return }
793:
794: sub name{
795: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
796: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
797: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
798: return $fullname;
799: }
800:
801: sub student_number {
802: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
803: $id = '' if $id eq "";
804: return $id;
805: }
806:
807: sub class {
808: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
809: $course = '' if $course eq "";
810: return $course;
811: }
812:
813: sub sec {
814: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
815: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
816: return $sec;
817: }
818:
819: sub open_date {
820: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
821: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
822: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
823: my $ampm = " am";
824: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
825: $hm[0]-=12;
826: $ampm = " pm";
827: }
828: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
829: }
830:
831: sub due_date {
832: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
833: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
834: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
835: my $ampm = " am";
836: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
837: $hm[0]-=12;
838: $ampm = " pm";
839: }
840: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
841: }
842:
843: sub answer_date {
844: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
845: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
846: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
847: my $ampm = " am";
848: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
849: $hm[0]-=12;
850: $ampm = " pm";
851: }
852: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
853: }
854:
855: sub array_moments {
856: my @input=@_;
857: my (@output,$N);
858: $N=scalar (@input);
859: $output[0]=$N;
860: if ($N <= 1) {
861: $output[1]=$input[0];
862: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
863: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
864: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
865: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
866: return @output;
867: }
868: my $sum=0;
869: foreach my $line (@input) {
870: $sum+=$line;
871: }
872: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
873: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
874: foreach my $line (@input) {
875: $x=$line-$output[1];
876: $var+=$x**2;
877: $skew+=$x**3;
878: $kurt+=$x**4;
879: }
880: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
881: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
882: if ($sdev == 0) {
883: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
884: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
885: return @output;
886: }
887: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
888: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
889: return @output;
890: }
891:
892: sub choose {
893: my $num = $_[0];
894: return $_[$num];
895: }
896:
897: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
898: #sub sum1 {
899: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
900: # my $sum=0;
901: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
902: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
903: # }
904: # return $sum
905: #}
906:
907: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
908: #sub sum2 {
909: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
910: # my $sum=0;
911: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
912: # my $func=sub {
913: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
914: # eval($line);
915: # };
916: # $sum+=&$func($i);
917: # }
918: # return $sum
919: #}
920:
921: # expiremental idea
922: sub proper_path {
923: my ($path)=@_;
924: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
925: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
926: } else {
927: return $path;
928: }
929: }
930:
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