loncom/homework/default_homework.lcpm - view

File: [LON-CAPA] / loncom / homework / default_homework.lcpm
Revision 1.149: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Thu Oct 14 19:54:56 2010 UTC (13 years, 6 months ago) by raeburn
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD

- Bug 5531.
  - Detect where student resubmits previous answer for case sensitive
    stringreponse item and award changes to EXACT_ANS.
    Detect for case insensitive stringresponse when previous award changes
    to EXACT_ANS for submissions whch only differ by case.
    - logs to lonnet.log and sends e-mail to recipients of "errormail" for
      course domain.
  - For cs and ci types if award is INCORRECT use perl to compare
    response with answer, and log if disagreement with result from
    strcasecmp() or strcmp() to capa_check_answer() in capaCommon.

1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA 2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run() 3: # 4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.149 2010/10/14 19:54:56 raeburn Exp $ 5: # 6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees 7: # 8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA). 9: # 10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 13: # (at your option) any later version. 14: # 15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 18: # GNU General Public License for more details. 19: # 20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software 22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 23: # 24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt 25: # 26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/ 27: # 28: # 29: 30: #init some globals 31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0; 32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4; 33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi; 34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0; 35: $"=' '; 36: use strict; 37: { 38: my $n = 0; 39: my $total = 0; 40: my $num_left = 0; 41: my @order; 42: my $type; 43: 44: sub init_permutation { 45: my ($size,$requested_type) = @_; 46: @order = (0..$size-1); 47: $n = $size; 48: $type = $requested_type; 49: if ($type eq 'ordered') { 50: $total = $num_left = 1; 51: } elsif ($type eq 'unordered') { 52: $total = $num_left = &factorial($size); 53: } else { 54: die("Unkown type: $type"); 55: } 56: } 57: 58: sub get_next_permutation { 59: if ($num_left == $total) { 60: $num_left--; 61: return \@order; 62: } 63: 64: # Find largest index j with a[j] < a[j+1] 65: 66: my $j = scalar(@order) - 2; 67: while ($order[$j] > $order[$j+1]) { 68: $j--; 69: } 70: 71: # Find index k such that a[k] is smallest integer 72: # greater than a[j] to the right of a[j] 73: 74: my $k = scalar(@order) - 1; 75: while ($order[$j] > $order[$k]) { 76: $k--; 77: } 78: 79: # Interchange a[j] and a[k] 80: 81: @order[($k,$j)] = @order[($j,$k)]; 82: 83: # Put tail end of permutation after jth position in increasing order 84: 85: my $r = scalar(@order) - 1; 86: my $s = $j + 1; 87: 88: while ($r > $s) { 89: @order[($s,$r)]=@order[($r,$s)]; 90: $r--; 91: $s++; 92: } 93: 94: $num_left--; 95: return(\@order); 96: } 97: 98: sub get_permutations_left { 99: return $num_left; 100: } 101: } 102: 103: sub check_commas { 104: my ($response)=@_; 105: #print("$response "); 106: my @numbers=split(',',$response); 107: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." "); 108: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) { 109: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." "); 110: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; } 111: shift(@numbers); 112: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." "); 113: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) { 114: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." "); 115: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; } 116: shift(@numbers); 117: } 118: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]); 119: #print(" number ".$number." "); 120: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." "); 121: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; } 122: } else { 123: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]); 124: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; } 125: } 126: return 1; 127: } 128: 129: 130: sub caparesponse_check { 131: my ($answer,$response)=@_; 132: #not properly used yet: calc 133: #not to be used: $ans_fmt 134: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'}; 135: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'}; 136: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'}; 137: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'}; 138: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'}; 139: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'}; 140: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'}; 141: 142: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done 143: my $sig_lbound=''; #done 144: my $sig_ubound=''; #done 145: 146: 147: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h 148: 149: #remove leading and trailing whitespace 150: if (!defined($response)) { 151: $response=''; 152: } 153: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) { 154: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g; 155: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Removed ws now :$response:"); 156: } 157: 158: #&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type "); 159: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { 160: #for string answers make sure all places spaces occur, there is 161: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response 162: $answer=~s/ +/ /g; 163: $response=~s/ +/ /g; 164: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') { 165: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g; 166: $response=~s/[\s,]//g; 167: } 168: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) { 169: if ($response!~/^\$|\$$/) { return ('NO_UNIT', undef); } 170: $response=~s/\$//g; 171: } 172: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) { 173: return "COMMA_FAIL:"; 174: } 175: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g; 176: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g; 177: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; } 178: 179: if (length($response) > 500) { return ('TOO_LONG',undef); } 180: 181: if ($type eq '' ) { 182: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting"); 183: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2; 184: } else { $type = 3; } 185: } else { 186: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; } 187: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 } 188: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; } 189: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; } 190: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; } 191: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; } 192: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; } 193: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; } 194: else { return ('ERROR', "Unknown type of answer: $type") } 195: } 196: 197: my $points; 198: my $id_list; 199: #formula type setup the sample points 200: if ($type eq '8') { 201: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples); 202: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples"); 203: } 204: if ($tol eq '') { 205: $tol=0.0; 206: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE 207: } else { 208: if ($tol =~ /%$/) { 209: chop $tol; 210: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE 211: } else { 212: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE 213: } 214: } 215: 216: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig); 217: 218: my $reterror=""; 219: my $result; 220: if (($type eq '9') || ($type eq '8')) { 221: if ($response=~/\=/) { 222: return ('BAD_FORMULA','Please submit just an expression, not an equation.'); 223: } elsif ($response =~ /\,/ and $response !~ /^\s*\{.*\}\s*$/) { 224: return ('BAD_FORMULA'); 225: } 226: } 227: if ($type eq '9') { 228: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror); 229: } else { 230: if ($type eq '8') { # fml type 231: $response = &capa_formula_fix($response); 232: $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer); 233: } 234: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type, 235: $tol_type,$tol, 236: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound, 237: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list, 238: $points,$external::randomseed, 239: \$reterror); 240: } 241: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; } 242: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; } 243: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; } 244: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; } 245: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; } 246: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; } 247: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; } 248: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; } 249: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; } 250: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; } 251: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; } 252: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; } 253: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; } 254: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; } 255: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } 256: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } 257: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; } 258: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; } 259: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";} 260: 261: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("RetError $reterror: Answer $answer: Response $response: type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|"); 262: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" $answer $response $result "); 263: return ($result,$reterror); 264: } 265: 266: 267: sub caparesponse_check_list { 268: my $responses=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'}; 269: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args)); 270: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'}; 271: my $answerunit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'}; 272: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Got type :$type: answer unit :$answerunit:\n"); 273: 274: my $num_input_lines = 275: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}}); 276: 277: if ($type ne '' ) { 278: if (scalar(@$responses) < $num_input_lines) { 279: return 'MISSING_ANSWER'; 280: } 281: if (scalar(@$responses) > $num_input_lines) { 282: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; 283: } 284: 285: } 286: 287: foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) { 288: my $answer_size = 289: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]}); 290: if ($type ne '' 291: && $answer_size > 1) { 292: $responses->[$which]=[split(/,/,$responses->[$which])]; 293: } else { 294: $responses->[$which]=[$responses->[$which]]; 295: } 296: } 297: foreach my $which (0..($num_input_lines-1)) { 298: my $answer_size = 299: scalar(@{$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$which]}); 300: my $response_size = 301: scalar(@{$responses->[$which]}); 302: if ($answer_size > $response_size) { 303: return 'MISSING_ANSWER'; 304: } 305: if ($answer_size < $response_size) { 306: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; 307: } 308: } 309: 310: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Initial final response :$responses->[0][-1]:"); 311: my $unit; 312: if ($type eq 'float' || $type eq '') { 313: #for numerical problems split off the unit 314: # if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) { 315: if ( $responses->[0][-1]=~ /^([\d\.\,\s\$]*(?:(?:[xX\*]10[\^\*]*|[eE]*)[\+\-]*\d*)*(?:^|\S)\d+)([\$\s\w\^\*\/\+\-]*[^\d\.\s\,][\$\s\w\^\*\/\+\-]*)$/ ) { 316: $responses->[0][-1]=$1; 317: $unit=&capa_formula_fix($2); 318: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Found unit :$unit:"); 319: } 320: } 321: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Final final response :$responses->[0][-1]:$unit:"); 322: $unit=~s/\s//; 323: my $error; 324: foreach my $response (@$responses) { 325: foreach my $element (@$response) { 326: if (($type eq 'float') || (($type eq '') && ($unit ne ''))) { 327: $element =~ s/\s//g; 328: } 329: my $appendunit=$unit; 330: # Deal with percentages 331: # unit is unit entered by student, answerunit is unit by author 332: # Deprecated: divide answer by 100 if student entered percent, 333: # but author did not. Too much confusion 334: # if (($unit=~/\%/) && ($answerunit ne '%')) { 335: # $element=$element/100; 336: # $appendunit=~s/\%//; 337: # } 338: # Author entered percent, student did not 339: if (($unit!~/\%/) && ($answerunit=~/\%/)) { 340: $element=$element*100; 341: $appendunit='%'.$appendunit; 342: } 343: # Zero does not need a dimension 344: if (($element==0) && ($unit!~/\w/) && ($answerunit=~/\w/)) { 345: $appendunit=$answerunit; 346: } 347: if ($appendunit ne '') { 348: $element .= " $appendunit"; 349: } 350: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("Made response element :$element:"); 351: } 352: } 353: 354: foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { 355: if (!defined($thisanswer)) { 356: return ('ERROR','answer was undefined'); 357: } 358: } 359: 360: 361: # &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_Dumper($responses)); 362: my %memoized; 363: if ($LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'} eq 'ordered') { 364: for (my $i=0; $i<scalar(@$responses);$i++) { 365: my $answer = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'}[$i]; 366: my $response = $responses->[$i]; 367: my $key = "$answer\0$response"; 368: my (@awards,@msgs); 369: for (my $j=0; $j<scalar(@$response); $j++) { 370: my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j], 371: $response->[$j]); 372: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { 373: $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j], 374: $answer->[$j]); 375: } 376: push(@awards,$award); 377: push(@msgs, $msg); 378: } 379: my ($award,$msg) = 380: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); 381: $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg]; 382: } 383: } else { 384: #FIXME broken with unorder responses where one is a <value> 385: # and the other is a <vector> (need to delay parse til 386: # inside the loop?) 387: foreach my $response (@$responses) { 388: my $response_size = scalar(@{$response}); 389: foreach my $answer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { 390: my $key = "$answer\0$response"; 391: my $answer_size = scalar(@{$answer}); 392: my ($award,$msg); 393: if ($answer_size > $response_size) { 394: $award = 'MISSING_ANSWER'; 395: } elsif ($answer_size < $response_size) { 396: $award = 'EXTRA_ANSWER'; 397: } else { 398: my (@awards,@msgs); 399: for (my $j=0; $j<scalar(@$response); $j++) { 400: my ($award,$msg) = &caparesponse_check($answer->[$j], 401: $response->[$j]); 402: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') { 403: $error = &verify_stringresponse($type,$award,$response->[$j], 404: $answer->[$j]); 405: } 406: push(@awards,$award); 407: push(@msgs, $msg); 408: } 409: ($award,$msg) = 410: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); 411: } 412: $memoized{$key} = [$award,$msg]; 413: } 414: } 415: } 416: 417: my ($final_award,$final_msg); 418: &init_permutation(scalar(@$responses), 419: $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'type'}); 420: 421: # possible FIXMEs 422: # - significant time is spent calling non-safe space routine 423: # from safe space 424: # - early outs could be possible with classifying awards is to stratas 425: # and stopping as so as hitting the top strata 426: # - some early outs also might be possible with check ing the 427: # memoized hash of results (is correct even possible? etc.) 428: 429: my (@final_awards,@final_msg); 430: while( &get_permutations_left() ) { 431: my $order = &get_next_permutation(); 432: my (@awards, @msgs, $i); 433: foreach my $thisanswer (@{ $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer->{'answers'} }) { 434: my $key = "$thisanswer\0".$responses->[$order->[$i]]; 435: push(@awards,$memoized{$key}[0]); 436: push(@msgs,$memoized{$key}[1]); 437: $i++; 438: 439: } 440: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all awards ".join(':',@awards)); 441: 442: my ($possible_award,$possible_msg) = 443: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@awards,\@msgs); 444: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" pos awards ".$possible_award); 445: push(@final_awards,$possible_award); 446: push(@final_msg,$possible_msg); 447: } 448: 449: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" all final_awards ".join(':',@final_awards)); 450: my ($final_award,$final_msg) = 451: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_FINALIZEAWARDS(\@final_awards,\@final_msg,undef,1); 452: return ($final_award,$final_msg,$error); 453: } 454: 455: sub verify_stringresponse { 456: my ($type,$award,$resp,$ans) = @_; 457: return if ($award eq 'EXACT_ANS'); 458: my $error; 459: if ($resp =~ /^\s|\s$/) { 460: $resp =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g; 461: } 462: if ($ans =~ /^\s|\s$/) { 463: $ans =~ s{^\s+|\s+$}{}g; 464: } 465: if ($type eq 'ci') { 466: $resp = lc($resp); 467: $ans = lc($ans); 468: } 469: if ($resp eq $ans) { 470: if ($award eq 'INCORRECT') { 471: $error = 'MISGRADED'; 472: } 473: } 474: return $error; 475: } 476: 477: sub cas { 478: my ($system,$input,$library)=@_; 479: my $output; 480: my $dump; 481: if ($system eq 'maxima') { 482: $output=&maxima_eval($input,$library); 483: } elsif ($system eq 'R') { 484: ($output,$dump)=&r_eval($input,$library,0); 485: } else { 486: $output='Error: unrecognized CAS'; 487: } 488: return $output; 489: } 490: 491: sub cas_hashref { 492: my ($system,$input,$library)=@_; 493: if ($system eq 'maxima') { 494: return 'Error: unsupported CAS'; 495: } elsif ($system eq 'R') { 496: return &r_eval($input,$library,1); 497: } else { 498: return 'Error: unrecognized CAS'; 499: } 500: } 501: 502: # 503: # cas_hashref_entry takes a list of indices and gets the entry in a hash generated by Rreturn. 504: # Call: cas_hashref_entry(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn. 505: # Rentry will return the first scalar value it encounters (ignoring excess indices). 506: # If an invalid key is given, it returns undef. 507: # 508: sub cas_hashref_entry { 509: return &Rentry(@_); 510: } 511: 512: # 513: # cas_hashref_array takes a list of indices and gets a column array from a hash generated by Rreturn. 514: # Call: cas_hashref_array(Rvalue, index1, index2, ...) where Rvalue is a hash returned by Rreturn. 515: # If an invalid key is given, it returns undef. 516: # 517: sub cas_hashref_array { 518: return &Rarray(@_); 519: } 520: 521: sub tex { 522: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { 523: return $_[0]; 524: } else { 525: return $_[1]; 526: } 527: } 528: 529: sub var_in_tex { 530: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { 531: return $_[0]; 532: } else { 533: return ""; 534: } 535: } 536: 537: sub web { 538: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { 539: return $_[1]; 540: } else { 541: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") { 542: return $_[2]; 543: } else { 544: return $_[0]; 545: } 546: } 547: } 548: 549: sub html { 550: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) { 551: return shift; 552: } 553: } 554: 555: sub hinton { 556: return 0; 557: } 558: 559: sub random { 560: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_; 561: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) { 562: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; } 563: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) { 564: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed); 565: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1)); 566: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) { 567: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed); 568: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2)); 569: } else { 570: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed))); 571: } 572: &math_random_uniform(); 573: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1; 574: } 575: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; } 576: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step); 577: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step; 578: return $result; 579: } 580: 581: sub random_normal { 582: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_; 583: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 584: my @retArray; 585: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 586: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev); 587: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 588: return @retArray; 589: } 590: 591: sub random_beta { 592: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_; 593: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 594: my @retArray; 595: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 596: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb); 597: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 598: return @retArray; 599: } 600: 601: sub random_gamma { 602: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_; 603: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 604: my @retArray; 605: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 606: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r); 607: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 608: return @retArray; 609: } 610: 611: sub random_exponential { 612: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_; 613: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 614: my @retArray; 615: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 616: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av); 617: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 618: return @retArray; 619: } 620: 621: sub random_poisson { 622: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_; 623: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 624: my @retArray; 625: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 626: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu); 627: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 628: return @retArray; 629: } 630: 631: sub random_chi { 632: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_; 633: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 634: my @retArray; 635: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 636: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df); 637: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 638: return @retArray; 639: } 640: 641: sub random_noncentral_chi { 642: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_; 643: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 644: my @retArray; 645: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 646: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc); 647: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 648: return @retArray; 649: } 650: 651: sub random_f { 652: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_; 653: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 654: my @retArray; 655: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 656: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd); 657: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 658: return @retArray; 659: } 660: 661: sub random_noncentral_f { 662: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_; 663: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 664: my @retArray; 665: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 666: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc); 667: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 668: return @retArray; 669: } 670: 671: sub random_multivariate_normal { 672: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_; 673: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 674: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 675: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar); 676: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 677: return @retArray; 678: } 679: 680: sub random_multinomial { 681: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_; 682: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 683: my @retArray; 684: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 685: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p); 686: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 687: return @retArray; 688: } 689: 690: sub random_permutation { 691: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_; 692: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 693: my @retArray; 694: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 695: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray); 696: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 697: return @retArray; 698: } 699: 700: sub random_uniform { 701: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; 702: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 703: my @retArray; 704: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 705: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high); 706: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 707: return @retArray; 708: } 709: 710: sub random_uniform_integer { 711: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_; 712: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 713: my @retArray; 714: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 715: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high); 716: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 717: return @retArray; 718: } 719: 720: sub random_binomial { 721: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_; 722: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 723: my @retArray; 724: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 725: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p); 726: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 727: return @retArray; 728: } 729: 730: sub random_negative_binomial { 731: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_; 732: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 733: my @retArray; 734: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed); 735: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p); 736: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 737: return @retArray; 738: } 739: 740: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) } 741: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) } 742: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) } 743: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) } 744: sub int { CORE::int(shift) } 745: sub log { CORE::log(shift) } 746: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) } 747: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) } 748: 749: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) } 750: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); } 751: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); } 752: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); } 753: 754: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); } 755: 756: sub factorial { 757: my $input = CORE::int(shift); 758: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0; 759: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170; 760: return 1 if $input == 0; 761: my $result = 1; 762: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i } 763: return $result; 764: } 765: 766: sub sgn { 767: return -1 if $_[0] < 0; 768: return 0 if $_[0] == 0; 769: return 1 if $_[0] > 0; 770: } 771: 772: sub min { 773: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_; 774: return shift @sorted; 775: } 776: 777: sub max { 778: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_; 779: return pop @sorted; 780: } 781: 782: sub roundto { 783: my ($input,$n) = @_; 784: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input); 785: } 786: 787: sub to_string { 788: my ($input,$n) = @_; 789: return sprintf($input) if $n eq ""; 790: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./; 791: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne ""; 792: } 793: 794: sub sub_string { 795: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_; 796: return substr($str,$start-1,$len); 797: } 798: 799: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; } 800: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); } 801: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); } 802: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); } 803: 804: sub format { 805: my ($value,$fmt)=@_; 806: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options); 807: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; } 808: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; } 809: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; } 810: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; } 811: my $result; 812: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) { 813: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt); 814: } else { 815: $fmt=~s/e/E/g; 816: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value); 817: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; } 818: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/; 819: } 820: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);} 821: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);} 822: return $result; 823: } 824: 825: sub chemparse { 826: my ($reaction) = @_; 827: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction); 828: my $formula = ''; 829: foreach my $token (@tokens) { 830: if ($token eq '->' ) { 831: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> '; 832: next; 833: } 834: if ($token eq '<-' ) { 835: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> '; 836: next; 837: } 838: if ($token eq '<=>') { 839: if ($external::target eq 'web' && 840: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) { 841: $formula .= '⇌ '; 842: } else { 843: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ', 844: '<=> '); 845: } 846: next; 847: } 848: if ($token eq '.') { 849: $formula =~ s/(\&nbsp\;| )$//; 850: $formula .= '·'; 851: next; 852: } 853: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/; 854: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient 855: 856: my $molecule = $2; 857: # subscripts 858: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|$1|g; 859: # superscripts 860: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|$1|g; 861: # strip whitespace 862: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g; 863: # forced space 864: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g; 865: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g; 866: $formula .= $molecule.' '; 867: } 868: # get rid of trailing space 869: $formula =~ s/(\&nbsp\;| )$//; 870: return &xmlparse($formula); 871: } 872: 873: sub prettyprint { 874: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_; 875: my $result; 876: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; } 877: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); } 878: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options); 879: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; } 880: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; } 881: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; } 882: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; } 883: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) { 884: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt); 885: } elsif ($fmt) { 886: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value); 887: } 888: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { 889: if ($target eq 'tex') { 890: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}'; 891: } else { 892: $value .='.'; 893: } 894: } 895: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) { 896: my $frac=$1; 897: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); } 898: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); } 899: my $exponent=$2; 900: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//; 901: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/; 902: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/; 903: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); } 904: if ($exponent) { 905: if ($target eq 'web') { 906: $result=$frac.'×10'.$exponent.''; 907: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') { 908: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}'; 909: } else { 910: $result=$value; 911: } 912: } else { 913: $result=$frac; 914: } 915: } else { 916: $result=$value; 917: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); } 918: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); } 919: } 920: return $result; 921: } 922: 923: sub commaformat { 924: my ($number,$target) = @_; 925: if ($number =~ /\./) { 926: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) { 927: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4; 928: } 929: } else { 930: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) { 931: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4; 932: } 933: } 934: return $number; 935: } 936: 937: sub dollarformat { 938: my ($number,$target) = @_; 939: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; } 940: $number=&commaformat($number,$target); 941: if ($target eq 'tex') { 942: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs 943: } else { 944: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs 945: } 946: return $number; 947: } 948: 949: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer 950: sub format_significant_figures { 951: my ($number,$format) = @_; 952: return '0' if ($number == 0); 953: # extract number of significant figures needed 954: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i); 955: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message? 956: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq ''); 957: # save the minus sign 958: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : ''; 959: $number = abs($number); 960: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or 961: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1; 962: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10. 963: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10)); 964: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs. 965: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power); 966: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly 967: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig); 968: # save any trailing zero's 969: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/); 970: # return number to original magnitude 971: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power); 972: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point 973: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/; 974: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig 975: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/); 976: if (length($numSig) < $sig) { 977: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig))); 978: } 979: # return number with sign 980: return $sign.$numSig; 981: 982: } 983: 984: sub map { 985: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_; 986: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 987: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase); 988: &random_set_seed(@seed); 989: my $destct = scalar(@$dest); 990: if (!$source) { 991: my @output; 992: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct); 993: my $ctr = 0; 994: while ($ctr < $destct) { 995: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]]; 996: $ctr++; 997: } 998: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 999: return @output; 1000: } else { 1001: my $num = scalar(@$source); 1002: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num); 1003: my $ctr = 0; 1004: my $tot = $num; 1005: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num; 1006: if (ref($$dest[0])) { 1007: while ($ctr < $tot) { 1008: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]]; 1009: $ctr++; 1010: } 1011: } else { 1012: while ($ctr < $tot) { 1013: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]]; 1014: $ctr++; 1015: } 1016: } 1017: } 1018: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 1019: return ''; 1020: } 1021: 1022: sub rmap { 1023: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_; 1024: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed(); 1025: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase); 1026: &random_set_seed(@seed); 1027: my $destct = scalar(@$dest); 1028: if (!$source) { 1029: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct); 1030: my $ctr = 0; 1031: my @r_idx; 1032: while ($ctr < $destct) { 1033: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr; 1034: $ctr++; 1035: } 1036: my @output; 1037: $ctr = 0; 1038: while ($ctr < $destct) { 1039: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]]; 1040: $ctr++; 1041: } 1042: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 1043: return @output; 1044: } else { 1045: my $num = scalar(@$source); 1046: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num); 1047: my $ctr = 0; 1048: my $tot = $num; 1049: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num; 1050: my @r_idx; 1051: while ($ctr < $tot) { 1052: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr; 1053: $ctr++; 1054: } 1055: $ctr = 0; 1056: if (ref($$dest[0])) { 1057: while ($ctr < $tot) { 1058: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]]; 1059: $ctr++; 1060: } 1061: } else { 1062: while ($ctr < $tot) { 1063: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]]; 1064: $ctr++; 1065: } 1066: } 1067: } 1068: &random_set_seed(@oldseed); 1069: return ''; 1070: } 1071: 1072: sub capa_id { return } 1073: 1074: sub problem { return } 1075: 1076: sub name{ 1077: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename'); 1078: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", "; 1079: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g; 1080: return $fullname; 1081: } 1082: 1083: sub student_number { 1084: my $id = &EXT('environment.id'); 1085: $id = '' if $id eq ""; 1086: return $id; 1087: } 1088: 1089: sub class { 1090: my $course = &EXT('course.description'); 1091: $course = '' if $course eq ""; 1092: return $course; 1093: } 1094: 1095: sub firstname { 1096: my $firstname = &EXT('environment.firstname'); 1097: $firstname = '' if $firstname eq ""; 1098: return $firstname; 1099: } 1100: 1101: sub lastname { 1102: my $lastname = &EXT('environment.lastname'); 1103: $lastname = '' if $lastname eq ""; 1104: return $lastname; 1105: } 1106: 1107: sub sec { 1108: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec'); 1109: $sec = '' if $sec eq ""; 1110: return $sec; 1111: } 1112: 1113: sub submission { 1114: my ($partid,$responseid,$subnumber)=@_; 1115: my $sub=''; 1116: if ($subnumber) { $sub=$subnumber.':'; } 1117: return &EXT('user.resource.'.$sub.'resource.'.$partid.'.'.$responseid.'.submission'); 1118: } 1119: 1120: sub currentpart { 1121: return $external::part; 1122: } 1123: 1124: sub eval_time { 1125: my ($timestamp)=@_; 1126: unless ($timestamp) { return ''; } 1127: return &locallocaltime($timestamp); 1128: } 1129: 1130: sub open_date { 1131: my ($partid)=@_; 1132: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1133: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate')); 1134: } 1135: 1136: sub due_date { 1137: my ($partid)=@_; 1138: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1139: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate')); 1140: } 1141: 1142: sub answer_date { 1143: my ($partid)=@_; 1144: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1145: return &eval_time(&EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate')); 1146: } 1147: 1148: sub open_date_epoch { 1149: my ($partid)=@_; 1150: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1151: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.opendate'); 1152: } 1153: 1154: sub due_date_epoch { 1155: my ($partid)=@_; 1156: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1157: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.duedate'); 1158: } 1159: 1160: sub answer_date_epoch { 1161: my ($partid)=@_; 1162: unless ($partid) { $partid=0; } 1163: return &EXT('resource.'.$partid.'.answerdate'); 1164: } 1165: 1166: sub array_moments { 1167: my @input=@_; 1168: my (@output,$N); 1169: $N=scalar (@input); 1170: $output[0]=$N; 1171: if ($N <= 1) { 1172: $output[1]=$input[0]; 1173: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0); 1174: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1"; 1175: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1"; 1176: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1"; 1177: return @output; 1178: } 1179: my $sum=0; 1180: foreach my $line (@input) { 1181: $sum+=$line; 1182: } 1183: $output[1] = $sum/$N; 1184: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0; 1185: foreach my $line (@input) { 1186: $x=$line-$output[1]; 1187: $var+=$x**2; 1188: $skew+=$x**3; 1189: $kurt+=$x**4; 1190: } 1191: $output[2]=$var/($N-1); 1192: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]); 1193: if ($sdev == 0) { 1194: $output[3]="inf-variance=0"; 1195: $output[4]="inf-variance=0"; 1196: return @output; 1197: } 1198: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N); 1199: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3; 1200: return @output; 1201: } 1202: 1203: sub choose { 1204: my $num = $_[0]; 1205: return $_[$num]; 1206: } 1207: 1208: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })}); 1209: #sub sum1 { 1210: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_; 1211: # my $sum=0; 1212: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) { 1213: # $sum+=&$sub($i); 1214: # } 1215: # return $sum 1216: #} 1217: 1218: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')'); 1219: #sub sum2 { 1220: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_; 1221: # my $sum=0; 1222: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) { 1223: # my $func=sub { 1224: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i"); 1225: # eval($line); 1226: # }; 1227: # $sum+=&$func($i); 1228: # } 1229: # return $sum 1230: #} 1231: 1232: # expiremental idea 1233: sub proper_path { 1234: my ($path)=@_; 1235: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) { 1236: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path; 1237: } else { 1238: return $path; 1239: } 1240: } 1241: