1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.108 2006/06/30 21:24:27 www Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
127: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
128: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
129: }
130:
131: my $points;
132: my $id_list;
133: #formula type setup the sample points
134: if ($type eq '8') {
135: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
136: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
137: }
138: if ($tol eq '') {
139: $tol=0.0;
140: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
141: } else {
142: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
143: chop $tol;
144: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
145: } else {
146: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
147: }
148: }
149:
150: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
151:
152: my $reterror="";
153: my $result;
154: if ($type eq '9') {
155: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror);
156: } else {
157: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer(&capa_formula_fix($response),&capa_formula_fix($answer),$type,
158: $tol_type,$tol,
159: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
160: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
161: $points,$external::randomseed,
162: \$reterror);
163: }
164: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
165: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
166: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
167: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
168: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
169: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
170: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
171: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
172: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
173: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
174: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
175: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
176: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
177: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
178: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
179: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
180: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
181: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
182: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
183:
184: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
185: }
186:
187: sub maxima_cas_formula_fix {
188: my ($expression)=@_;
189: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
190: }
191:
192: sub capa_formula_fix {
193: my ($expression)=@_;
194: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
195: }
196:
197: sub implicit_multiplication {
198: my ($expression)=@_;
199: $expression=~s/\s+/\*/g;
200: $expression=~s/(\d)([a-zA-Z\(])/$1\*$2/g;
201: $expression=~s/\)(\w)/\)\*$1/g;
202: return $expression;
203: }
204:
205: sub caparesponse_check_list {
206: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
207: my $result="Got response :".join(':',@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer).":\n";
208: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
209: my @responselist;
210: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
211: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
212: if ($type ne '' && $#LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer > 0) {
213: (@responselist)=split(/,/,$response);
214: if (@responselist < @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
215: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
216: }
217: if (@responselist > @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
218: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
219: }
220: } else {
221: (@responselist)=($response);
222: }
223: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
224: my $unit;
225: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
226: #for numerical problems split off the unit
227: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
228: $responselist['-1']=$1;
229: $unit=$2;
230: }
231: }
232: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
233: $unit=~s/\s//;
234:
235: my ($awards, @msgs, $i);
236: foreach my $thisanswer (@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
237: my ($msg,$aresult);
238: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
239: if (defined($thisanswer)) {
240: if ($unit eq '') {
241: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
242: $responselist[$i]);
243: } else {
244: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
245: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
246: }
247: } else {
248: $aresult='ERROR';
249: $msg='answer was undefined';
250: }
251: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("after if $aresult -- $msg");
252: my ($temp)=split(/:/, $aresult);
253: $awards.="$temp,";
254: $result.=$aresult;
255: push(@msgs,$msg);
256: $i++;
257: }
258: chop($awards);
259: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
260: }
261:
262: sub tex {
263: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
264: return $_[0];
265: } else {
266: return $_[1];
267: }
268: }
269:
270: sub var_in_tex {
271: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
272: return $_[0];
273: } else {
274: return "";
275: }
276: }
277:
278: sub web {
279: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
280: return $_[1];
281: } else {
282: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
283: return $_[2];
284: } else {
285: return $_[0];
286: }
287: }
288: }
289:
290: sub html {
291: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
292: return shift;
293: }
294: }
295:
296: sub hinton {
297: return 0;
298: }
299:
300: sub random {
301: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
302: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
303: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
304: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
305: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
306: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
307: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
308: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
309: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
310: } else {
311: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
312: }
313: &math_random_uniform();
314: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
315: }
316: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
317: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
318: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
319: return $result;
320: }
321:
322: sub random_normal {
323: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
324: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
325: my @retArray;
326: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
327: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
328: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
329: return @retArray;
330: }
331:
332: sub random_beta {
333: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
334: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
335: my @retArray;
336: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
337: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
338: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
339: return @retArray;
340: }
341:
342: sub random_gamma {
343: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
344: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
345: my @retArray;
346: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
347: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
348: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
349: return @retArray;
350: }
351:
352: sub random_exponential {
353: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
354: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
355: my @retArray;
356: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
357: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
358: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
359: return @retArray;
360: }
361:
362: sub random_poisson {
363: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
364: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
365: my @retArray;
366: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
367: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
368: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
369: return @retArray;
370: }
371:
372: sub random_chi {
373: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
374: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
375: my @retArray;
376: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
377: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
378: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
379: return @retArray;
380: }
381:
382: sub random_noncentral_chi {
383: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
384: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
385: my @retArray;
386: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
387: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
388: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
389: return @retArray;
390: }
391:
392: sub random_f {
393: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
394: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
395: my @retArray;
396: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
397: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
398: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
399: return @retArray;
400: }
401:
402: sub random_noncentral_f {
403: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
404: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
405: my @retArray;
406: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
407: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
408: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
409: return @retArray;
410: }
411:
412: sub random_multivariate_normal {
413: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
414: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
415: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
416: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
417: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
418: return @retArray;
419: }
420:
421: sub random_multinomial {
422: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
423: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
424: my @retArray;
425: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
426: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
427: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
428: return @retArray;
429: }
430:
431: sub random_permutation {
432: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
433: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
434: my @retArray;
435: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
436: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
437: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
438: return @retArray;
439: }
440:
441: sub random_uniform {
442: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
443: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
444: my @retArray;
445: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
446: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
447: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
448: return @retArray;
449: }
450:
451: sub random_uniform_integer {
452: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
453: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
454: my @retArray;
455: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
456: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
457: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
458: return @retArray;
459: }
460:
461: sub random_binomial {
462: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
463: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
464: my @retArray;
465: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
466: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
467: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
468: return @retArray;
469: }
470:
471: sub random_negative_binomial {
472: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
473: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
474: my @retArray;
475: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
476: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
477: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
478: return @retArray;
479: }
480:
481: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
482: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
483: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
484: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
485: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
486: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
487: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
488: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
489:
490: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
491: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
492: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
493: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
494:
495: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
496:
497: sub factorial {
498: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
499: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
500: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
501: return 1 if $input == 0;
502: my $result = 1;
503: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
504: return $result;
505: }
506:
507: sub sgn {
508: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
509: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
510: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
511: }
512:
513: sub min {
514: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
515: return shift @sorted;
516: }
517:
518: sub max {
519: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
520: return pop @sorted;
521: }
522:
523: sub roundto {
524: my ($input,$n) = @_;
525: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
526: }
527:
528: sub to_string {
529: my ($input,$n) = @_;
530: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
531: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
532: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
533: }
534:
535: sub sub_string {
536: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
537: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
538: }
539:
540: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
541: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
542: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
543: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
544:
545: sub format {
546: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
547: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
548: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
549: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
550: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
551: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
552: my $result;
553: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
554: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
555: } else {
556: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
557: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
558: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
559: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
560: }
561: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
562: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
563: return $result;
564: }
565:
566: sub chemparse {
567: my ($reaction) = @_;
568: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
569: my $formula = '';
570: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
571: if ($token eq '->' ) {
572: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
573: next;
574: }
575: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
576: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
577: next;
578: }
579: if ($token eq '<=>') {
580: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
581: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
582: $formula .= '⇌ ';
583: } else {
584: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
585: '<=> ');
586: }
587: next;
588: }
589: if ($token eq '.') {
590: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
591: $formula .= '·';
592: next;
593: }
594: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
595: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
596:
597: my $molecule = $2;
598: # subscripts
599: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
600: # superscripts
601: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
602: # strip whitespace
603: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
604: # forced space
605: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
606: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
607: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
608: }
609: # get rid of trailing space
610: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
611: return &xmlparse($formula);
612: }
613:
614: sub prettyprint {
615: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
616: my $result;
617: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
618: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
619: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
620: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
621: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
622: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
623: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
624: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
625: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
626: } elsif ($fmt) {
627: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
628: }
629: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
630: if ($target eq 'tex') {
631: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
632: } else {
633: $value .='.';
634: }
635: }
636: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
637: my $frac=$1;
638: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
639: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
640: my $exponent=$2;
641: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
642: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
643: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
644: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
645: if ($exponent) {
646: if ($target eq 'web') {
647: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
648: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
649: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
650: } else {
651: $result=$value;
652: }
653: } else {
654: $result=$frac;
655: }
656: } else {
657: $result=$value;
658: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
659: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
660: }
661: return $result;
662: }
663:
664: sub commaformat {
665: my ($number,$target) = @_;
666: if ($number =~ /\./) {
667: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
668: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
669: }
670: } else {
671: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
672: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
673: }
674: }
675: return $number;
676: }
677:
678: sub dollarformat {
679: my ($number,$target) = @_;
680: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
681: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
682: if ($target eq 'tex') {
683: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
684: } else {
685: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
686: }
687: return $number;
688: }
689:
690: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
691: sub format_significant_figures {
692: my ($number,$format) = @_;
693: return '0' if ($number == 0);
694: # extract number of significant figures needed
695: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
696: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
697: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
698: # save the minus sign
699: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
700: $number = abs($number);
701: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
702: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
703: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
704: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
705: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
706: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
707: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
708: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
709: # save any trailing zero's
710: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
711: # return number to original magnitude
712: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
713: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
714: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
715: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
716: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
717: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
718: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
719: }
720: # return number with sign
721: return $sign.$numSig;
722:
723: }
724:
725: sub map {
726: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
727: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
728: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
729: &random_set_seed(@seed);
730: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
731: if (!$source) {
732: my @output;
733: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
734: my $ctr = 0;
735: while ($ctr < $destct) {
736: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
737: $ctr++;
738: }
739: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
740: return @output;
741: } else {
742: my $num = scalar(@$source);
743: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
744: my $ctr = 0;
745: my $tot = $num;
746: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
747: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
748: while ($ctr < $tot) {
749: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
750: $ctr++;
751: }
752: } else {
753: while ($ctr < $tot) {
754: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
755: $ctr++;
756: }
757: }
758: }
759: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
760: return '';
761: }
762:
763: sub rmap {
764: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
765: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
766: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
767: &random_set_seed(@seed);
768: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
769: if (!$source) {
770: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
771: my $ctr = 0;
772: my @r_idx;
773: while ($ctr < $destct) {
774: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
775: $ctr++;
776: }
777: my @output;
778: $ctr = 0;
779: while ($ctr < $destct) {
780: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
781: $ctr++;
782: }
783: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
784: return @output;
785: } else {
786: my $num = scalar(@$source);
787: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
788: my $ctr = 0;
789: my $tot = $num;
790: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
791: my @r_idx;
792: while ($ctr < $tot) {
793: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
794: $ctr++;
795: }
796: $ctr = 0;
797: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
798: while ($ctr < $tot) {
799: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
800: $ctr++;
801: }
802: } else {
803: while ($ctr < $tot) {
804: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
805: $ctr++;
806: }
807: }
808: }
809: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
810: return '';
811: }
812:
813: sub capa_id { return }
814:
815: sub problem { return }
816:
817: sub name{
818: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
819: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
820: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
821: return $fullname;
822: }
823:
824: sub student_number {
825: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
826: $id = '' if $id eq "";
827: return $id;
828: }
829:
830: sub class {
831: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
832: $course = '' if $course eq "";
833: return $course;
834: }
835:
836: sub sec {
837: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
838: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
839: return $sec;
840: }
841:
842: sub open_date {
843: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
844: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
845: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
846: my $ampm = " am";
847: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
848: $hm[0]-=12;
849: $ampm = " pm";
850: }
851: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
852: }
853:
854: sub due_date {
855: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
856: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
857: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
858: my $ampm = " am";
859: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
860: $hm[0]-=12;
861: $ampm = " pm";
862: }
863: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
864: }
865:
866: sub answer_date {
867: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
868: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
869: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
870: my $ampm = " am";
871: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
872: $hm[0]-=12;
873: $ampm = " pm";
874: }
875: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
876: }
877:
878: sub array_moments {
879: my @input=@_;
880: my (@output,$N);
881: $N=scalar (@input);
882: $output[0]=$N;
883: if ($N <= 1) {
884: $output[1]=$input[0];
885: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
886: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
887: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
888: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
889: return @output;
890: }
891: my $sum=0;
892: foreach my $line (@input) {
893: $sum+=$line;
894: }
895: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
896: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
897: foreach my $line (@input) {
898: $x=$line-$output[1];
899: $var+=$x**2;
900: $skew+=$x**3;
901: $kurt+=$x**4;
902: }
903: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
904: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
905: if ($sdev == 0) {
906: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
907: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
908: return @output;
909: }
910: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
911: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
912: return @output;
913: }
914:
915: sub choose {
916: my $num = $_[0];
917: return $_[$num];
918: }
919:
920: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
921: #sub sum1 {
922: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
923: # my $sum=0;
924: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
925: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
926: # }
927: # return $sum
928: #}
929:
930: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
931: #sub sum2 {
932: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
933: # my $sum=0;
934: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
935: # my $func=sub {
936: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
937: # eval($line);
938: # };
939: # $sum+=&$func($i);
940: # }
941: # return $sum
942: #}
943:
944: # expiremental idea
945: sub proper_path {
946: my ($path)=@_;
947: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
948: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
949: } else {
950: return $path;
951: }
952: }
953:
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