1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.109 2006/07/05 19:01:44 albertel Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
127: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
128: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
129: }
130:
131: my $points;
132: my $id_list;
133: #formula type setup the sample points
134: if ($type eq '8') {
135: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
136: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
137: }
138: if ($tol eq '') {
139: $tol=0.0;
140: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
141: } else {
142: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
143: chop $tol;
144: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
145: } else {
146: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
147: }
148: }
149:
150: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
151:
152: my $reterror="";
153: my $result;
154: if ($type eq '9') {
155: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror);
156: } else {
157: if ($type eq '8') { # fml type
158: $response = &capa_formula_fix($response);
159: $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer);
160: }
161: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
162: $tol_type,$tol,
163: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
164: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
165: $points,$external::randomseed,
166: \$reterror);
167: }
168: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
169: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
170: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
171: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
172: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
173: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
174: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
175: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
176: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
177: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
178: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
179: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
180: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
181: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
182: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
183: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
184: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
185: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
186: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
187:
188: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
189: }
190:
191: sub maxima_cas_formula_fix {
192: my ($expression)=@_;
193: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
194: }
195:
196: sub capa_formula_fix {
197: my ($expression)=@_;
198: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
199: }
200:
201: sub implicit_multiplication {
202: my ($expression)=@_;
203: $expression=~s/\s+/\*/g;
204: $expression=~s/(\d)([a-zA-Z\(])/$1\*$2/g;
205: $expression=~s/\)(\w)/\)\*$1/g;
206: return $expression;
207: }
208:
209: sub caparesponse_check_list {
210: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
211: my $result="Got response :".join(':',@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer).":\n";
212: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
213: my @responselist;
214: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
215: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
216: if ($type ne '' && $#LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer > 0) {
217: (@responselist)=split(/,/,$response);
218: if (@responselist < @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
219: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
220: }
221: if (@responselist > @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
222: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
223: }
224: } else {
225: (@responselist)=($response);
226: }
227: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
228: my $unit;
229: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
230: #for numerical problems split off the unit
231: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
232: $responselist['-1']=$1;
233: $unit=$2;
234: }
235: }
236: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
237: $unit=~s/\s//;
238:
239: my ($awards, @msgs, $i);
240: foreach my $thisanswer (@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
241: my ($msg,$aresult);
242: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
243: if (defined($thisanswer)) {
244: if ($unit eq '') {
245: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
246: $responselist[$i]);
247: } else {
248: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
249: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
250: }
251: } else {
252: $aresult='ERROR';
253: $msg='answer was undefined';
254: }
255: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("after if $aresult -- $msg");
256: my ($temp)=split(/:/, $aresult);
257: $awards.="$temp,";
258: $result.=$aresult;
259: push(@msgs,$msg);
260: $i++;
261: }
262: chop($awards);
263: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
264: }
265:
266: sub tex {
267: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
268: return $_[0];
269: } else {
270: return $_[1];
271: }
272: }
273:
274: sub var_in_tex {
275: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
276: return $_[0];
277: } else {
278: return "";
279: }
280: }
281:
282: sub web {
283: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
284: return $_[1];
285: } else {
286: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
287: return $_[2];
288: } else {
289: return $_[0];
290: }
291: }
292: }
293:
294: sub html {
295: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
296: return shift;
297: }
298: }
299:
300: sub hinton {
301: return 0;
302: }
303:
304: sub random {
305: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
306: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
307: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
308: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
309: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
310: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
311: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
312: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
313: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
314: } else {
315: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
316: }
317: &math_random_uniform();
318: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
319: }
320: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
321: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
322: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
323: return $result;
324: }
325:
326: sub random_normal {
327: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
328: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
329: my @retArray;
330: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
331: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
332: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
333: return @retArray;
334: }
335:
336: sub random_beta {
337: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
338: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
339: my @retArray;
340: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
341: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
342: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
343: return @retArray;
344: }
345:
346: sub random_gamma {
347: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
348: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
349: my @retArray;
350: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
351: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
352: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
353: return @retArray;
354: }
355:
356: sub random_exponential {
357: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
358: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
359: my @retArray;
360: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
361: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
362: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
363: return @retArray;
364: }
365:
366: sub random_poisson {
367: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
368: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
369: my @retArray;
370: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
371: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
372: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
373: return @retArray;
374: }
375:
376: sub random_chi {
377: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
378: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
379: my @retArray;
380: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
381: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
382: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
383: return @retArray;
384: }
385:
386: sub random_noncentral_chi {
387: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
388: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
389: my @retArray;
390: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
391: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
392: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
393: return @retArray;
394: }
395:
396: sub random_f {
397: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
398: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
399: my @retArray;
400: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
401: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
402: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
403: return @retArray;
404: }
405:
406: sub random_noncentral_f {
407: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
408: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
409: my @retArray;
410: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
411: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
412: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
413: return @retArray;
414: }
415:
416: sub random_multivariate_normal {
417: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
418: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
419: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
420: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
421: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
422: return @retArray;
423: }
424:
425: sub random_multinomial {
426: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
427: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
428: my @retArray;
429: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
430: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
431: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
432: return @retArray;
433: }
434:
435: sub random_permutation {
436: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
437: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
438: my @retArray;
439: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
440: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
441: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
442: return @retArray;
443: }
444:
445: sub random_uniform {
446: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
447: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
448: my @retArray;
449: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
450: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
451: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
452: return @retArray;
453: }
454:
455: sub random_uniform_integer {
456: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
457: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
458: my @retArray;
459: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
460: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
461: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
462: return @retArray;
463: }
464:
465: sub random_binomial {
466: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
467: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
468: my @retArray;
469: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
470: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
471: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
472: return @retArray;
473: }
474:
475: sub random_negative_binomial {
476: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
477: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
478: my @retArray;
479: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
480: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
481: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
482: return @retArray;
483: }
484:
485: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
486: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
487: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
488: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
489: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
490: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
491: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
492: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
493:
494: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
495: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
496: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
497: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
498:
499: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
500:
501: sub factorial {
502: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
503: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
504: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
505: return 1 if $input == 0;
506: my $result = 1;
507: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
508: return $result;
509: }
510:
511: sub sgn {
512: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
513: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
514: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
515: }
516:
517: sub min {
518: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
519: return shift @sorted;
520: }
521:
522: sub max {
523: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
524: return pop @sorted;
525: }
526:
527: sub roundto {
528: my ($input,$n) = @_;
529: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
530: }
531:
532: sub to_string {
533: my ($input,$n) = @_;
534: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
535: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
536: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
537: }
538:
539: sub sub_string {
540: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
541: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
542: }
543:
544: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
545: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
546: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
547: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
548:
549: sub format {
550: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
551: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
552: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
553: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
554: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
555: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
556: my $result;
557: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
558: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
559: } else {
560: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
561: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
562: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
563: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
564: }
565: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
566: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
567: return $result;
568: }
569:
570: sub chemparse {
571: my ($reaction) = @_;
572: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
573: my $formula = '';
574: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
575: if ($token eq '->' ) {
576: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
577: next;
578: }
579: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
580: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
581: next;
582: }
583: if ($token eq '<=>') {
584: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
585: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
586: $formula .= '⇌ ';
587: } else {
588: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
589: '<=> ');
590: }
591: next;
592: }
593: if ($token eq '.') {
594: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
595: $formula .= '·';
596: next;
597: }
598: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
599: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
600:
601: my $molecule = $2;
602: # subscripts
603: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
604: # superscripts
605: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
606: # strip whitespace
607: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
608: # forced space
609: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
610: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
611: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
612: }
613: # get rid of trailing space
614: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
615: return &xmlparse($formula);
616: }
617:
618: sub prettyprint {
619: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
620: my $result;
621: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
622: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
623: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
624: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
625: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
626: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
627: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
628: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
629: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
630: } elsif ($fmt) {
631: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
632: }
633: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
634: if ($target eq 'tex') {
635: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
636: } else {
637: $value .='.';
638: }
639: }
640: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
641: my $frac=$1;
642: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
643: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
644: my $exponent=$2;
645: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
646: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
647: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
648: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
649: if ($exponent) {
650: if ($target eq 'web') {
651: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
652: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
653: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
654: } else {
655: $result=$value;
656: }
657: } else {
658: $result=$frac;
659: }
660: } else {
661: $result=$value;
662: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
663: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
664: }
665: return $result;
666: }
667:
668: sub commaformat {
669: my ($number,$target) = @_;
670: if ($number =~ /\./) {
671: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
672: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
673: }
674: } else {
675: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
676: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
677: }
678: }
679: return $number;
680: }
681:
682: sub dollarformat {
683: my ($number,$target) = @_;
684: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
685: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
686: if ($target eq 'tex') {
687: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
688: } else {
689: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
690: }
691: return $number;
692: }
693:
694: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
695: sub format_significant_figures {
696: my ($number,$format) = @_;
697: return '0' if ($number == 0);
698: # extract number of significant figures needed
699: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
700: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
701: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
702: # save the minus sign
703: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
704: $number = abs($number);
705: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
706: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
707: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
708: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
709: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
710: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
711: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
712: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
713: # save any trailing zero's
714: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
715: # return number to original magnitude
716: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
717: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
718: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
719: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
720: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
721: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
722: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
723: }
724: # return number with sign
725: return $sign.$numSig;
726:
727: }
728:
729: sub map {
730: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
731: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
732: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
733: &random_set_seed(@seed);
734: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
735: if (!$source) {
736: my @output;
737: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
738: my $ctr = 0;
739: while ($ctr < $destct) {
740: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
741: $ctr++;
742: }
743: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
744: return @output;
745: } else {
746: my $num = scalar(@$source);
747: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
748: my $ctr = 0;
749: my $tot = $num;
750: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
751: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
752: while ($ctr < $tot) {
753: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
754: $ctr++;
755: }
756: } else {
757: while ($ctr < $tot) {
758: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
759: $ctr++;
760: }
761: }
762: }
763: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
764: return '';
765: }
766:
767: sub rmap {
768: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
769: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
770: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
771: &random_set_seed(@seed);
772: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
773: if (!$source) {
774: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
775: my $ctr = 0;
776: my @r_idx;
777: while ($ctr < $destct) {
778: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
779: $ctr++;
780: }
781: my @output;
782: $ctr = 0;
783: while ($ctr < $destct) {
784: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
785: $ctr++;
786: }
787: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
788: return @output;
789: } else {
790: my $num = scalar(@$source);
791: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
792: my $ctr = 0;
793: my $tot = $num;
794: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
795: my @r_idx;
796: while ($ctr < $tot) {
797: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
798: $ctr++;
799: }
800: $ctr = 0;
801: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
802: while ($ctr < $tot) {
803: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
804: $ctr++;
805: }
806: } else {
807: while ($ctr < $tot) {
808: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
809: $ctr++;
810: }
811: }
812: }
813: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
814: return '';
815: }
816:
817: sub capa_id { return }
818:
819: sub problem { return }
820:
821: sub name{
822: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
823: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
824: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
825: return $fullname;
826: }
827:
828: sub student_number {
829: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
830: $id = '' if $id eq "";
831: return $id;
832: }
833:
834: sub class {
835: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
836: $course = '' if $course eq "";
837: return $course;
838: }
839:
840: sub sec {
841: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
842: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
843: return $sec;
844: }
845:
846: sub open_date {
847: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
848: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
849: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
850: my $ampm = " am";
851: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
852: $hm[0]-=12;
853: $ampm = " pm";
854: }
855: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
856: }
857:
858: sub due_date {
859: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
860: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
861: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
862: my $ampm = " am";
863: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
864: $hm[0]-=12;
865: $ampm = " pm";
866: }
867: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
868: }
869:
870: sub answer_date {
871: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
872: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
873: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
874: my $ampm = " am";
875: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
876: $hm[0]-=12;
877: $ampm = " pm";
878: }
879: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
880: }
881:
882: sub array_moments {
883: my @input=@_;
884: my (@output,$N);
885: $N=scalar (@input);
886: $output[0]=$N;
887: if ($N <= 1) {
888: $output[1]=$input[0];
889: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
890: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
891: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
892: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
893: return @output;
894: }
895: my $sum=0;
896: foreach my $line (@input) {
897: $sum+=$line;
898: }
899: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
900: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
901: foreach my $line (@input) {
902: $x=$line-$output[1];
903: $var+=$x**2;
904: $skew+=$x**3;
905: $kurt+=$x**4;
906: }
907: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
908: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
909: if ($sdev == 0) {
910: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
911: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
912: return @output;
913: }
914: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
915: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
916: return @output;
917: }
918:
919: sub choose {
920: my $num = $_[0];
921: return $_[$num];
922: }
923:
924: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
925: #sub sum1 {
926: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
927: # my $sum=0;
928: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
929: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
930: # }
931: # return $sum
932: #}
933:
934: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
935: #sub sum2 {
936: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
937: # my $sum=0;
938: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
939: # my $func=sub {
940: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
941: # eval($line);
942: # };
943: # $sum+=&$func($i);
944: # }
945: # return $sum
946: #}
947:
948: # expiremental idea
949: sub proper_path {
950: my ($path)=@_;
951: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
952: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
953: } else {
954: return $path;
955: }
956: }
957:
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