1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.115 2006/07/28 15:22:28 www Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
127: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
128: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
129: }
130:
131: my $points;
132: my $id_list;
133: #formula type setup the sample points
134: if ($type eq '8') {
135: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
136: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
137: }
138: if ($tol eq '') {
139: $tol=0.0;
140: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
141: } else {
142: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
143: chop $tol;
144: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
145: } else {
146: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
147: }
148: }
149:
150: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
151:
152: my $reterror="";
153: my $result;
154: if ($type eq '9') {
155: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror);
156: } else {
157: if ($type eq '8') { # fml type
158: $response = &capa_formula_fix($response);
159: $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer);
160: }
161: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
162: $tol_type,$tol,
163: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
164: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
165: $points,$external::randomseed,
166: \$reterror);
167: }
168: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
169: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
170: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
171: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
172: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
173: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
174: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
175: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
176: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
177: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
178: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
179: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
180: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
181: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
182: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
183: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
184: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
185: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
186: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
187:
188: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
189: }
190:
191: sub maxima_cas_formula_fix {
192: my ($expression)=@_;
193: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
194: }
195:
196: sub capa_formula_fix {
197: my ($expression)=@_;
198: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
199: }
200:
201: sub implicit_multiplication {
202: my ($expression)=@_;
203: # Escape scientific notation, so 3e8 does not become 3*e*8
204: # 3e8 -> 3&8; 3e-8 -> 3&-8; 3E+8 -> e&+8
205: $expression=~s/(\d+)e([\+\-]*\d+)/$1\&\($2\)/gsi;
206: # 3x10^8 -> 3&8; 3*10^-8 -> 3&-8
207: $expression=~s/(\d+)(?:x|\*)10(?:\^|\*\*)([\+\-]*\d+)/$1\&\($2\)/gsi;
208: # Fill in multiplication signs
209: # a b -> a*b;3 b -> 3*b;3 4 -> 3*4
210: $expression=~s/(\w)\s+(\w)/$1\*$2/gs;
211: # )( -> )*(; ) ( -> )*(
212: $expression=~s/\)\s*\(/\)\*\(/gs;
213: # 3a -> 3*a; 3( -> 3*(; 3 ( -> 3*(; 3A -> 3*A
214: $expression=~s/(\d)\s*([a-zA-Z\(])/$1\*$2/gs;
215: # a ( -> a*(
216: $expression=~s/(\w)\s+\(/$1\*\(/gs;
217: # a3 -> a*3;
218: $expression=~s/([a-zA-Z])(\d)/$1\*$2/gs;
219: # )a -> )*a; )3 -> )*3; ) 3 -> )*3
220: $expression=~s/\)\s*(\w)/\)\*$1/gs;
221: # 3&8 -> 3e8; 3&-4 -> 3e-4
222: $expression=~s/(\d+)\&\(([\+\-]*\d+)\)/$1e$2/gs;
223: return $expression;
224: }
225:
226: sub caparesponse_check_list {
227: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
228: my $result="Got response :".join(':',@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer).":\n";
229: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
230: my @responselist;
231: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
232: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
233: if ($type ne '' && $#LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer > 0) {
234: (@responselist)=split(/,/,$response);
235: if (@responselist < @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
236: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
237: }
238: if (@responselist > @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
239: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
240: }
241: } else {
242: (@responselist)=($response);
243: }
244: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
245: my $unit;
246: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
247: #for numerical problems split off the unit
248: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
249: $responselist['-1']=$1;
250: $unit=$2;
251: }
252: }
253: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
254: $unit=~s/\s//;
255:
256: my ($awards, @msgs, $i);
257: foreach my $thisanswer (@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
258: my ($msg,$aresult);
259: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
260: if (defined($thisanswer)) {
261: if ($unit eq '') {
262: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
263: $responselist[$i]);
264: } else {
265: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
266: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
267: }
268: } else {
269: $aresult='ERROR';
270: $msg='answer was undefined';
271: }
272: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("after if $aresult -- $msg");
273: my ($temp)=split(/:/, $aresult);
274: $awards.="$temp,";
275: $result.=$aresult;
276: push(@msgs,$msg);
277: $i++;
278: }
279: chop($awards);
280: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
281: }
282:
283: sub tex {
284: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
285: return $_[0];
286: } else {
287: return $_[1];
288: }
289: }
290:
291: sub var_in_tex {
292: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
293: return $_[0];
294: } else {
295: return "";
296: }
297: }
298:
299: sub web {
300: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
301: return $_[1];
302: } else {
303: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
304: return $_[2];
305: } else {
306: return $_[0];
307: }
308: }
309: }
310:
311: sub html {
312: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
313: return shift;
314: }
315: }
316:
317: sub hinton {
318: return 0;
319: }
320:
321: sub random {
322: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
323: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
324: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
325: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
326: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
327: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
328: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
329: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
330: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
331: } else {
332: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
333: }
334: &math_random_uniform();
335: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
336: }
337: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
338: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
339: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
340: return $result;
341: }
342:
343: sub random_normal {
344: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
345: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
346: my @retArray;
347: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
348: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
349: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
350: return @retArray;
351: }
352:
353: sub random_beta {
354: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
355: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
356: my @retArray;
357: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
358: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
359: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
360: return @retArray;
361: }
362:
363: sub random_gamma {
364: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
365: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
366: my @retArray;
367: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
368: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
369: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
370: return @retArray;
371: }
372:
373: sub random_exponential {
374: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
375: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
376: my @retArray;
377: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
378: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
379: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
380: return @retArray;
381: }
382:
383: sub random_poisson {
384: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
385: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
386: my @retArray;
387: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
388: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
389: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
390: return @retArray;
391: }
392:
393: sub random_chi {
394: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
395: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
396: my @retArray;
397: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
398: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
399: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
400: return @retArray;
401: }
402:
403: sub random_noncentral_chi {
404: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
405: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
406: my @retArray;
407: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
408: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
409: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
410: return @retArray;
411: }
412:
413: sub random_f {
414: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
415: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
416: my @retArray;
417: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
418: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
419: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
420: return @retArray;
421: }
422:
423: sub random_noncentral_f {
424: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
425: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
426: my @retArray;
427: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
428: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
429: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
430: return @retArray;
431: }
432:
433: sub random_multivariate_normal {
434: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
435: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
436: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
437: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
438: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
439: return @retArray;
440: }
441:
442: sub random_multinomial {
443: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
444: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
445: my @retArray;
446: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
447: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
448: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
449: return @retArray;
450: }
451:
452: sub random_permutation {
453: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
454: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
455: my @retArray;
456: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
457: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
458: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
459: return @retArray;
460: }
461:
462: sub random_uniform {
463: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
464: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
465: my @retArray;
466: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
467: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
468: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
469: return @retArray;
470: }
471:
472: sub random_uniform_integer {
473: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
474: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
475: my @retArray;
476: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
477: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
478: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
479: return @retArray;
480: }
481:
482: sub random_binomial {
483: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
484: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
485: my @retArray;
486: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
487: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
488: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
489: return @retArray;
490: }
491:
492: sub random_negative_binomial {
493: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
494: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
495: my @retArray;
496: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
497: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
498: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
499: return @retArray;
500: }
501:
502: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
503: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
504: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
505: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
506: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
507: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
508: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
509: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
510:
511: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
512: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
513: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
514: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
515:
516: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
517:
518: sub factorial {
519: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
520: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
521: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
522: return 1 if $input == 0;
523: my $result = 1;
524: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
525: return $result;
526: }
527:
528: sub sgn {
529: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
530: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
531: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
532: }
533:
534: sub min {
535: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
536: return shift @sorted;
537: }
538:
539: sub max {
540: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
541: return pop @sorted;
542: }
543:
544: sub roundto {
545: my ($input,$n) = @_;
546: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
547: }
548:
549: sub to_string {
550: my ($input,$n) = @_;
551: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
552: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
553: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
554: }
555:
556: sub sub_string {
557: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
558: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
559: }
560:
561: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
562: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
563: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
564: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
565:
566: sub format {
567: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
568: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
569: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
570: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
571: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
572: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
573: my $result;
574: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
575: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
576: } else {
577: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
578: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
579: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
580: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
581: }
582: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
583: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
584: return $result;
585: }
586:
587: sub chemparse {
588: my ($reaction) = @_;
589: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
590: my $formula = '';
591: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
592: if ($token eq '->' ) {
593: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
594: next;
595: }
596: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
597: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
598: next;
599: }
600: if ($token eq '<=>') {
601: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
602: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
603: $formula .= '⇌ ';
604: } else {
605: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
606: '<=> ');
607: }
608: next;
609: }
610: if ($token eq '.') {
611: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
612: $formula .= '·';
613: next;
614: }
615: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
616: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
617:
618: my $molecule = $2;
619: # subscripts
620: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
621: # superscripts
622: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
623: # strip whitespace
624: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
625: # forced space
626: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
627: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
628: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
629: }
630: # get rid of trailing space
631: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
632: return &xmlparse($formula);
633: }
634:
635: sub prettyprint {
636: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
637: my $result;
638: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
639: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
640: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
641: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
642: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
643: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
644: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
645: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
646: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
647: } elsif ($fmt) {
648: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
649: }
650: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
651: if ($target eq 'tex') {
652: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
653: } else {
654: $value .='.';
655: }
656: }
657: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
658: my $frac=$1;
659: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
660: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
661: my $exponent=$2;
662: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
663: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
664: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
665: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
666: if ($exponent) {
667: if ($target eq 'web') {
668: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
669: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
670: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
671: } else {
672: $result=$value;
673: }
674: } else {
675: $result=$frac;
676: }
677: } else {
678: $result=$value;
679: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
680: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
681: }
682: return $result;
683: }
684:
685: sub commaformat {
686: my ($number,$target) = @_;
687: if ($number =~ /\./) {
688: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
689: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
690: }
691: } else {
692: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
693: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
694: }
695: }
696: return $number;
697: }
698:
699: sub dollarformat {
700: my ($number,$target) = @_;
701: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
702: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
703: if ($target eq 'tex') {
704: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
705: } else {
706: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
707: }
708: return $number;
709: }
710:
711: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
712: sub format_significant_figures {
713: my ($number,$format) = @_;
714: return '0' if ($number == 0);
715: # extract number of significant figures needed
716: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
717: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
718: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
719: # save the minus sign
720: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
721: $number = abs($number);
722: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
723: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
724: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
725: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
726: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
727: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
728: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
729: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
730: # save any trailing zero's
731: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
732: # return number to original magnitude
733: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
734: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
735: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
736: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
737: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
738: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
739: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
740: }
741: # return number with sign
742: return $sign.$numSig;
743:
744: }
745:
746: sub map {
747: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
748: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
749: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
750: &random_set_seed(@seed);
751: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
752: if (!$source) {
753: my @output;
754: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
755: my $ctr = 0;
756: while ($ctr < $destct) {
757: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
758: $ctr++;
759: }
760: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
761: return @output;
762: } else {
763: my $num = scalar(@$source);
764: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
765: my $ctr = 0;
766: my $tot = $num;
767: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
768: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
769: while ($ctr < $tot) {
770: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
771: $ctr++;
772: }
773: } else {
774: while ($ctr < $tot) {
775: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
776: $ctr++;
777: }
778: }
779: }
780: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
781: return '';
782: }
783:
784: sub rmap {
785: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
786: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
787: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
788: &random_set_seed(@seed);
789: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
790: if (!$source) {
791: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
792: my $ctr = 0;
793: my @r_idx;
794: while ($ctr < $destct) {
795: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
796: $ctr++;
797: }
798: my @output;
799: $ctr = 0;
800: while ($ctr < $destct) {
801: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
802: $ctr++;
803: }
804: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
805: return @output;
806: } else {
807: my $num = scalar(@$source);
808: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
809: my $ctr = 0;
810: my $tot = $num;
811: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
812: my @r_idx;
813: while ($ctr < $tot) {
814: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
815: $ctr++;
816: }
817: $ctr = 0;
818: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
819: while ($ctr < $tot) {
820: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
821: $ctr++;
822: }
823: } else {
824: while ($ctr < $tot) {
825: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
826: $ctr++;
827: }
828: }
829: }
830: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
831: return '';
832: }
833:
834: sub capa_id { return }
835:
836: sub problem { return }
837:
838: sub name{
839: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
840: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
841: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
842: return $fullname;
843: }
844:
845: sub student_number {
846: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
847: $id = '' if $id eq "";
848: return $id;
849: }
850:
851: sub class {
852: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
853: $course = '' if $course eq "";
854: return $course;
855: }
856:
857: sub firstname {
858: my $firstname = &EXT('environment.firstname');
859: $firstname = '' if $firstname eq "";
860: return $firstname;
861: }
862:
863: sub lastname {
864: my $lastname = &EXT('environment.lastname');
865: $lastname = '' if $lastname eq "";
866: return $lastname;
867: }
868:
869: sub sec {
870: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
871: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
872: return $sec;
873: }
874:
875: sub open_date {
876: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
877: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
878: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
879: my $ampm = " am";
880: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
881: $hm[0]-=12;
882: $ampm = " pm";
883: }
884: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
885: }
886:
887: sub due_date {
888: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
889: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
890: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
891: my $ampm = " am";
892: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
893: $hm[0]-=12;
894: $ampm = " pm";
895: }
896: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
897: }
898:
899: sub answer_date {
900: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
901: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
902: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
903: my $ampm = " am";
904: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
905: $hm[0]-=12;
906: $ampm = " pm";
907: }
908: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
909: }
910:
911: sub array_moments {
912: my @input=@_;
913: my (@output,$N);
914: $N=scalar (@input);
915: $output[0]=$N;
916: if ($N <= 1) {
917: $output[1]=$input[0];
918: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
919: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
920: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
921: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
922: return @output;
923: }
924: my $sum=0;
925: foreach my $line (@input) {
926: $sum+=$line;
927: }
928: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
929: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
930: foreach my $line (@input) {
931: $x=$line-$output[1];
932: $var+=$x**2;
933: $skew+=$x**3;
934: $kurt+=$x**4;
935: }
936: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
937: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
938: if ($sdev == 0) {
939: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
940: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
941: return @output;
942: }
943: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
944: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
945: return @output;
946: }
947:
948: sub choose {
949: my $num = $_[0];
950: return $_[$num];
951: }
952:
953: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
954: #sub sum1 {
955: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
956: # my $sum=0;
957: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
958: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
959: # }
960: # return $sum
961: #}
962:
963: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
964: #sub sum2 {
965: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
966: # my $sum=0;
967: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
968: # my $func=sub {
969: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
970: # eval($line);
971: # };
972: # $sum+=&$func($i);
973: # }
974: # return $sum
975: #}
976:
977: # expiremental idea
978: sub proper_path {
979: my ($path)=@_;
980: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
981: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
982: } else {
983: return $path;
984: }
985: }
986:
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