1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # used by lonxml::xmlparse() as input variable $safeinit to Apache::run::run()
3: #
4: # $Id: default_homework.lcpm,v 1.110 2006/07/17 21:11:21 www Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: #
29:
30: #init some globals
31: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=0;
32: $pi=atan2(1,1)*4;
33: $rad2deg=180.0/$pi;
34: $deg2rad=$pi/180.0;
35: $"=' ';
36:
37: sub check_commas {
38: my ($response)=@_;
39: #print("$response ");
40: my @numbers=split(',',$response);
41: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
42: if (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
43: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
44: if (length($numbers[0]) > 3 || length($numbers[0]) == 0) { return -1; }
45: shift(@numbers);
46: #print(" numbers ".scalar(@numbers)." ");
47: while (scalar(@numbers) > 1) {
48: #print(" numbers ".join('-',@numbers)." ");
49: if (length($numbers[0]) != 3) { return -2; }
50: shift(@numbers);
51: }
52: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
53: #print(" number ".$number." ");
54: #print(" numbers[0] ".$numbers[0]." ");
55: if (length($number) != 3) { return -3; }
56: } else {
57: my ($number)=split('\.',$numbers[0]);
58: if (length($number) > 3) { return -4; }
59: }
60: return 1;
61: }
62:
63: sub caparesponse_check {
64: my ($answer,$response)=@_;
65: #not properly used yet: calc
66: #not to be used: $ans_fmt
67: my $type=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
68: my $tol=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'tol'};
69: my $sig=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'sig'};
70: my $ans_fmt=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'format'};
71: my $unit=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'unit'};
72: my $calc=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'calc'};
73: my $samples=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'samples'};
74:
75: my $tol_type=''; # gets it's value from whether tol has a % or not done
76: my $sig_lbound=''; #done
77: my $sig_ubound=''; #done
78:
79:
80: #type's definitons come from capaParser.h
81: my $message='';
82: #remove leading and trailing whitespace
83: if (!defined($response)) {
84: $response='';
85: }
86: if ($response=~ /^\s|\s$/) {
87: $response=~ s:^\s+|\s+$::g;
88: $message .="Removed ws now :$response:\n";
89: } else {
90: $message .="no ws in :$response:\n";
91: }
92: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG(" type is $type ");
93: if ($type eq 'cs' || $type eq 'ci') {
94: #for string answers make surec all places spaces occur, there is
95: #really only 1 space, in both the answer and the response
96: $answer=~s/ +/ /g;
97: $response=~s/ +/ /g;
98: } elsif ($type eq 'mc') {
99: $answer=~s/[\s,]//g;
100: $response=~s/[\s,]//g;
101: }
102: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\$/) {
103: if ($response!~/^\$/) { return "NO_UNIT: Missing \$ "; }
104: $response=~s/\$//g;
105: }
106: if ($type eq 'float' && $unit=~/\,/ && (&check_commas($response)<0)) {
107: return "COMMA_FAIL:";
108: }
109: $ans_fmt=~s/\W//g;
110: $unit=~s/[\$,]//g;
111: if ($type eq 'float') { $response=~s/,//g; }
112:
113: if (length($response) > 500) { return "TOO_LONG: Answer too long"; }
114:
115: if ($type eq '' ) {
116: $message .= "Didn't find a type :$type: defaulting\n";
117: if ( $answer eq ($answer *1.0)) { $type = 2;
118: } else { $type = 3; }
119: } else {
120: if ($type eq 'cs') { $type = 4; }
121: elsif ($type eq 'ci') { $type = 3 }
122: elsif ($type eq 'mc') { $type = 5; }
123: elsif ($type eq 'fml') { $type = 8; }
124: elsif ($type eq 'math') { $type = 9; }
125: elsif ($type eq 'subj') { $type = 7; }
126: elsif ($type eq 'float') { $type = 2; }
127: elsif ($type eq 'int') { $type = 1; }
128: else { return "ERROR: Unknown type of answer: $type" }
129: }
130:
131: my $points;
132: my $id_list;
133: #formula type setup the sample points
134: if ($type eq '8') {
135: ($id_list,$points)=split(/@/,$samples);
136: $message.="Found :$id_list:$points: points in $samples\n";
137: }
138: if ($tol eq '') {
139: $tol=0.0;
140: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
141: } else {
142: if ($tol =~ /%$/) {
143: chop $tol;
144: $tol_type=2; #TOL_PERCENTAGE
145: } else {
146: $tol_type=1; #TOL_ABSOLUTE
147: }
148: }
149:
150: ($sig_ubound,$sig_lbound)=&LONCAPA_INTERNAL_get_sigrange($sig);
151:
152: my $reterror="";
153: my $result;
154: if ($type eq '9') {
155: $result = &maxima_check(&maxima_cas_formula_fix($response),&maxima_cas_formula_fix($answer),\$reterror);
156: } else {
157: if ($type eq '8') { # fml type
158: $response = &capa_formula_fix($response);
159: $answer = &capa_formula_fix($answer);
160: }
161: $result = &caparesponse_capa_check_answer($response,$answer,$type,
162: $tol_type,$tol,
163: $sig_lbound,$sig_ubound,
164: $ans_fmt,$unit,$calc,$id_list,
165: $points,$external::randomseed,
166: \$reterror);
167: }
168: if ($result == '1') { $result='EXACT_ANS'; }
169: elsif ($result == '2') { $result='APPROX_ANS'; }
170: elsif ($result == '3') { $result='SIG_FAIL'; }
171: elsif ($result == '4') { $result='UNIT_FAIL'; }
172: elsif ($result == '5') { $result='NO_UNIT'; }
173: elsif ($result == '6') { $result='UNIT_OK'; }
174: elsif ($result == '7') { $result='INCORRECT'; }
175: elsif ($result == '8') { $result='UNIT_NOTNEEDED'; }
176: elsif ($result == '9') { $result='ANS_CNT_NOT_MATCH'; }
177: elsif ($result =='10') { $result='SUB_RECORDED'; }
178: elsif ($result =='11') { $result='BAD_FORMULA'; }
179: elsif ($result =='12' && !$response) { $result='MISSING_ANSWER'; }
180: elsif ($result =='12') { $result='WANTED_NUMERIC'; }
181: elsif ($result =='13') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_INSTRUCTOR'; }
182: elsif ($result =='141') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
183: elsif ($result =='142') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
184: elsif ($result =='143') { $result='UNIT_INVALID_STUDENT'; }
185: elsif ($result =='15') { $result='UNIT_IRRECONCIBLE'; }
186: else {$result = "ERROR: Unknown Result:$result:$@:";}
187:
188: return ("$result:\nRetError $reterror:\nAnswer $answer:\nResponse $response:\n type-$type|$tol|$tol_type|$sig:$sig_lbound:$sig_ubound|$unit|\n$message",$reterror);
189: }
190:
191: sub maxima_cas_formula_fix {
192: my ($expression)=@_;
193: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
194: }
195:
196: sub capa_formula_fix {
197: my ($expression)=@_;
198: return &implicit_multiplication($expression);
199: }
200:
201: sub implicit_multiplication {
202: my ($expression)=@_;
203: $expression=~s/(\d+)e([\+\-]*\d+)/$1\&\($2\)/gsi;
204: $expression=~s/(\d+)(?:x|\*)10(?:\^|\*\*)([\+\-]*\d+)/$1\&\($2\)/gsi;
205: $expression=~s/\s+/\*/gs;
206: $expression=~s/(\d)([a-zA-Z\(])/$1\*$2/gs;
207: $expression=~s/([a-zA-Z])(\d)/$1\*$2/gs;
208: $expression=~s/\)(\w)/\)\*$1/gs;
209: $expression=~s/(\d+)\&\(([\+\-]*\d+)\)/$1e$2/gs;
210: return $expression;
211: }
212:
213: sub caparesponse_check_list {
214: my $response=$LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'response'};
215: my $result="Got response :".join(':',@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer).":\n";
216: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("args ".join(':',%LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args));
217: my @responselist;
218: my $type = $LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_args{'type'};
219: $result.="Got type :$type:\n";
220: if ($type ne '' && $#LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer > 0) {
221: (@responselist)=split(/,/,$response);
222: if (@responselist < @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
223: return 'MISSING_ANSWER';
224: }
225: if (@responselist > @LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
226: return 'EXTRA_ANSWER';
227: }
228: } else {
229: (@responselist)=($response);
230: }
231: $result.="Initial final response :$responselist['-1']:\n";
232: my $unit;
233: if ($type eq '' || $type eq 'float') {
234: #for numerical problems split off the unit
235: if ( $responselist['-1']=~ /(.*[^\s])\s+([^\s]+)/ ) {
236: $responselist['-1']=$1;
237: $unit=$2;
238: }
239: }
240: $result.="Final final response :$responselist['-1']:$unit:\n";
241: $unit=~s/\s//;
242:
243: my ($awards, @msgs, $i);
244: foreach my $thisanswer (@LONCAPA::CAPAresponse_answer) {
245: my ($msg,$aresult);
246: $result.="trying answer :$thisanswer:\n";
247: if (defined($thisanswer)) {
248: if ($unit eq '') {
249: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
250: $responselist[$i]);
251: } else {
252: ($aresult,$msg)=&caparesponse_check($thisanswer,
253: $responselist[$i]." $unit");
254: }
255: } else {
256: $aresult='ERROR';
257: $msg='answer was undefined';
258: }
259: &LONCAPA_INTERNAL_DEBUG("after if $aresult -- $msg");
260: my ($temp)=split(/:/, $aresult);
261: $awards.="$temp,";
262: $result.=$aresult;
263: push(@msgs,$msg);
264: $i++;
265: }
266: chop($awards);
267: return ("$awards:\n$result",@msgs);
268: }
269:
270: sub tex {
271: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
272: return $_[0];
273: } else {
274: return $_[1];
275: }
276: }
277:
278: sub var_in_tex {
279: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
280: return $_[0];
281: } else {
282: return "";
283: }
284: }
285:
286: sub web {
287: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
288: return $_[1];
289: } else {
290: if ( $external::target eq "web" || $external::target eq "answer") {
291: return $_[2];
292: } else {
293: return $_[0];
294: }
295: }
296: }
297:
298: sub html {
299: if ( $external::target eq "web" ) {
300: return shift;
301: }
302: }
303:
304: sub hinton {
305: return 0;
306: }
307:
308: sub random {
309: my ($start,$end,$step)=@_;
310: if ( ! $hidden::RANDOMINIT ) {
311: if ($external::randomseed == 0) { $external::randomseed=1; }
312: if ($external::randomseed =~/,/) {
313: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/,/,$external::randomseed);
314: &random_set_seed(1,abs($num1));
315: } elsif ($external::randomseed =~/:/) {
316: my ($num1,$num2)=split(/:/,$external::randomseed);
317: &random_set_seed(abs($num1),abs($num2));
318: } else {
319: &random_set_seed(1,int(abs($external::randomseed)));
320: }
321: &math_random_uniform();
322: $hidden::RANDOMINIT=1;
323: }
324: if (!defined($step)) { $step=1; }
325: my $num=1+int(($end-$start)/$step);
326: my $result=$start + int(&math_random_uniform() * $num)*$step;
327: return $result;
328: }
329:
330: sub random_normal {
331: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev) = @_;
332: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
333: my @retArray;
334: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
335: @retArray=&math_random_normal($item_cnt,$av,$std_dev);
336: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
337: return @retArray;
338: }
339:
340: sub random_beta {
341: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) = @_;
342: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
343: my @retArray;
344: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
345: @retArray=&math_random_beta($item_cnt,$aa,$bb);
346: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
347: return @retArray;
348: }
349:
350: sub random_gamma {
351: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) = @_;
352: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
353: my @retArray;
354: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
355: @retArray=&math_random_gamma($item_cnt,$a,$r);
356: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
357: return @retArray;
358: }
359:
360: sub random_exponential {
361: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) = @_;
362: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
363: my @retArray;
364: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
365: @retArray=&math_random_exponential($item_cnt,$av);
366: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
367: return @retArray;
368: }
369:
370: sub random_poisson {
371: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) = @_;
372: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
373: my @retArray;
374: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
375: @retArray=&math_random_poisson($item_cnt,$mu);
376: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
377: return @retArray;
378: }
379:
380: sub random_chi {
381: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) = @_;
382: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
383: my @retArray;
384: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
385: @retArray=&math_random_chi_square($item_cnt,$df);
386: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
387: return @retArray;
388: }
389:
390: sub random_noncentral_chi {
391: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) = @_;
392: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
393: my @retArray;
394: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
395: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_chi_square($item_cnt,$df,$nonc);
396: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
397: return @retArray;
398: }
399:
400: sub random_f {
401: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) = @_;
402: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
403: my @retArray;
404: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
405: @retArray=&math_random_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd);
406: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
407: return @retArray;
408: }
409:
410: sub random_noncentral_f {
411: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) = @_;
412: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
413: my @retArray;
414: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
415: @retArray=&math_random_noncentral_f($item_cnt,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc);
416: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
417: return @retArray;
418: }
419:
420: sub random_multivariate_normal {
421: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$mean,$covar) = @_;
422: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
423: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
424: my @retArray=&math_random_multivariate_normal($item_cnt,@$mean,@$covar);
425: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
426: return @retArray;
427: }
428:
429: sub random_multinomial {
430: my ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) = @_;
431: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
432: my @retArray;
433: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
434: my @retArray=&math_random_multinomial($item_cnt,@p);
435: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
436: return @retArray;
437: }
438:
439: sub random_permutation {
440: my ($seed,@inArray) = @_;
441: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
442: my @retArray;
443: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
444: @retArray=&math_random_permutation(@inArray);
445: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
446: return @retArray;
447: }
448:
449: sub random_uniform {
450: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
451: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
452: my @retArray;
453: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
454: @retArray=&math_random_uniform($item_cnt,$low,$high);
455: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
456: return @retArray;
457: }
458:
459: sub random_uniform_integer {
460: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) = @_;
461: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
462: my @retArray;
463: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
464: @retArray=&math_random_uniform_integer($item_cnt,$low,$high);
465: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
466: return @retArray;
467: }
468:
469: sub random_binomial {
470: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) = @_;
471: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
472: my @retArray;
473: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
474: @retArray=&math_random_binomial($item_cnt,$nt,$p);
475: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
476: return @retArray;
477: }
478:
479: sub random_negative_binomial {
480: my ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) = @_;
481: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
482: my @retArray;
483: &random_set_seed_from_phrase($seed);
484: @retArray=&math_random_negative_binomial($item_cnt,$ne,$p);
485: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
486: return @retArray;
487: }
488:
489: sub abs { CORE::abs(shift) }
490: sub sin { CORE::sin(shift) }
491: sub cos { CORE::cos(shift) }
492: sub exp { CORE::exp(shift) }
493: sub int { CORE::int(shift) }
494: sub log { CORE::log(shift) }
495: sub atan2 { CORE::atan2($_[0],$_[1]) }
496: sub sqrt { CORE::sqrt(shift) }
497:
498: sub tan { CORE::sin($_[0]) / CORE::cos($_[0]) }
499: #sub atan { atan2($_[0], 1); }
500: #sub acos { atan2(sqrt(1 - $_[0] * $_[0]), $_[0] ); }
501: #sub asin { atan2($_[0], sqrt(1- $_[0] * $_[0]) ); }
502:
503: sub log10 { CORE::log($_[0])/CORE::log(10); }
504:
505: sub factorial {
506: my $input = CORE::int(shift);
507: return "Error - unable to take factorial of an negative number ($input)" if $input < 0;
508: return "Error - factorial result is greater than system limit ($input)" if $input > 170;
509: return 1 if $input == 0;
510: my $result = 1;
511: for (my $i=2; $i<=$input; $i++) { $result *= $i }
512: return $result;
513: }
514:
515: sub sgn {
516: return -1 if $_[0] < 0;
517: return 0 if $_[0] == 0;
518: return 1 if $_[0] > 0;
519: }
520:
521: sub min {
522: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
523: return shift @sorted;
524: }
525:
526: sub max {
527: my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } @_;
528: return pop @sorted;
529: }
530:
531: sub roundto {
532: my ($input,$n) = @_;
533: return sprintf('%.'.$n.'f',$input);
534: }
535:
536: sub to_string {
537: my ($input,$n) = @_;
538: return sprintf($input) if $n eq "";
539: $n = '.'.$n if $n !~ /^\./;
540: return sprintf('%'.$n,$input) if $n ne "";
541: }
542:
543: sub sub_string {
544: my ($str,$start,$len) = @_;
545: return substr($str,$start-1,$len);
546: }
547:
548: sub pow {return $_[0] ** $_[1]; }
549: sub ceil {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? (CORE::int($_[0])+ 1) : CORE::int($_[0])); }
550: sub floor {return (($_[0]-CORE::int($_[0]))== 0.0) ? $_[0] : (($_[0] > 0) ? CORE::int($_[0]) : (CORE::int($_[0])-1)); }
551: #sub floor {return int($_[0]); }
552:
553: sub format {
554: my ($value,$fmt)=@_;
555: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
556: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
557: #if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollamode=1; }
558: #if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
559: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
560: my $result;
561: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
562: $result=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
563: } else {
564: $fmt=~s/e/E/g;
565: $result=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
566: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') { $result .='.'; }
567: $result=~s/(E[+-]*)0/$1/;
568: }
569: #if ($dollarmode) {$result=&dollarformat($result);}
570: #if ($commamode) {$result=&commaformat($result);}
571: return $result;
572: }
573:
574: sub chemparse {
575: my ($reaction) = @_;
576: my @tokens = split(/(\s\+|\->|<=>|<\-|\.)/,$reaction);
577: my $formula = '';
578: foreach my $token (@tokens) {
579: if ($token eq '->' ) {
580: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\rightarrow}</m> ';
581: next;
582: }
583: if ($token eq '<-' ) {
584: $formula .= '<m>\ensuremath{\leftarrow}</m> ';
585: next;
586: }
587: if ($token eq '<=>') {
588: if ($external::target eq 'web' &&
589: &EXT('request.browser.unicode')) {
590: $formula .= '⇌ ';
591: } else {
592: $formula .= &web('<=> ','<m>\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}</m> ',
593: '<=> ');
594: }
595: next;
596: }
597: if ($token eq '.') {
598: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
599: $formula .= '·';
600: next;
601: }
602: $token =~ /^\s*([\d|\/]*(?:&frac\d\d)?)(.*)/;
603: $formula .= $1 if ($1 ne '1'); # stoichiometric coefficient
604:
605: my $molecule = $2;
606: # subscripts
607: $molecule =~ s|(?<=[a-zA-Z\)\]\s])(\d+)|<sub>$1</sub>|g;
608: # superscripts
609: $molecule =~ s|\^(\d*[+\-]*)|<sup>$1</sup>|g;
610: # strip whitespace
611: $molecule =~ s/\s*//g;
612: # forced space
613: $molecule =~ s/_/ /g;
614: $molecule =~ s/-/−/g;
615: $formula .= $molecule.' ';
616: }
617: # get rid of trailing space
618: $formula =~ s/(\ \;| )$//;
619: return &xmlparse($formula);
620: }
621:
622: sub prettyprint {
623: my ($value,$fmt,$target)=@_;
624: my $result;
625: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
626: if ($fmt =~ /chem/i) { return(&chemparse($value)); }
627: my ($dollarmode,$commamode,$alwaysperiod,$options);
628: if ($fmt =~ /^([^\d]*)(.*)/) { $options=$1; $fmt=$2; }
629: if ($options =~ /\$/) { $dollarmode=1; }
630: if ($options =~ /,/) { $commamode=1; }
631: if ($options =~ /\./) { $alwaysperiod=1; }
632: if ($fmt=~/s$/i) {
633: $value=&format_significant_figures($value,$fmt);
634: } elsif ($fmt) {
635: $value=sprintf('%.'.$fmt,$value);
636: }
637: if ($alwaysperiod && $fmt eq '0f') {
638: if ($target eq 'tex') {
639: $value .='\\ensuremath{.}';
640: } else {
641: $value .='.';
642: }
643: }
644: if ($value =~ /([0-9\.\-\+]+)E([0-9\-\+]+)/i ) {
645: my $frac=$1;
646: if ($dollarmode) { $frac=&dollarformat($frac); }
647: if ($commamode) { $frac=&commaformat($frac); }
648: my $exponent=$2;
649: $exponent=~s/^\+0*//;
650: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
651: $exponent=~s/^-0*/-/;
652: if ($exponent eq '-') { undef($exponent); }
653: if ($exponent) {
654: if ($target eq 'web') {
655: $result=$frac.'×10<sup>'.$exponent.'</sup>';
656: } elsif ($target eq 'tex') {
657: $result='\ensuremath{'.$frac.'\times 10^{'.$exponent.'}}';
658: } else {
659: $result=$value;
660: }
661: } else {
662: $result=$frac;
663: }
664: } else {
665: $result=$value;
666: if ($dollarmode) { $result=&dollarformat($result,$target); }
667: elsif ($commamode) { $result=&commaformat($result,$target); }
668: }
669: return $result;
670: }
671:
672: sub commaformat {
673: my ($number,$target) = @_;
674: if ($number =~ /\./) {
675: while ($number =~ /([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^\.,][^\.,][^\.,])([,0-9]*\.[0-9]*)$/) {
676: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
677: }
678: } else {
679: while ($number =~ /^([^0-9]*)([0-9]+)([^,][^,][^,])([,0-9]*)$/) {
680: $number = $1.$2.','.$3.$4;
681: }
682: }
683: return $number;
684: }
685:
686: sub dollarformat {
687: my ($number,$target) = @_;
688: if (!$target) { $target = $external::target; }
689: $number=&commaformat($number,$target);
690: if ($target eq 'tex') {
691: $number='\$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
692: } else {
693: $number='$'.$number; #' stupid emacs
694: }
695: return $number;
696: }
697:
698: # format of form ns or nS where n is an integer
699: sub format_significant_figures {
700: my ($number,$format) = @_;
701: return '0' if ($number == 0);
702: # extract number of significant figures needed
703: my ($sig) = ($format =~ /(\d+)s/i);
704: # arbitrary choice - suggestions ?? or throw error message?
705: $sig = 3 if ($sig eq '');
706: # save the minus sign
707: my $sign = ($number < 0) ? '-' : '';
708: $number = abs($number);
709: # needed to correct for a number greater than 1 (or
710: my $power = ($number < 1) ? 0 : 1;
711: # could round up. Take the integer part of log10.
712: my $x10 = int(log($number)/log(10));
713: # find number with values left of decimal pt = # of sign figs.
714: my $xsig = $number*10**($sig-$x10-$power);
715: # get just digits left of decimal pt - also rounds off correctly
716: my $xint = sprintf('%.0f',$xsig);
717: # save any trailing zero's
718: my ($zeros) = ($xint =~ /(0+)$/);
719: # return number to original magnitude
720: my $numSig = $xint*10**($x10-$sig+$power);
721: # insert trailing zero's if have decimal point
722: $numSig =~ s/^(\d+)\.(\d+)(\e?(.*)?)$/$1\.$2$zeros$3/;
723: # put a decimal pt for number ending with 0 and length = # of sig fig
724: $numSig.='.' if (length($numSig) == $sig && $numSig =~ /0$/);
725: if (length($numSig) < $sig) {
726: $numSig.='.'.substr($zeros,0,($sig-length($numSig)));
727: }
728: # return number with sign
729: return $sign.$numSig;
730:
731: }
732:
733: sub map {
734: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
735: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
736: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
737: &random_set_seed(@seed);
738: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
739: if (!$source) {
740: my @output;
741: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
742: my $ctr = 0;
743: while ($ctr < $destct) {
744: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$idx[$ctr]];
745: $ctr++;
746: }
747: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
748: return @output;
749: } else {
750: my $num = scalar(@$source);
751: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
752: my $ctr = 0;
753: my $tot = $num;
754: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
755: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
756: while ($ctr < $tot) {
757: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
758: $ctr++;
759: }
760: } else {
761: while ($ctr < $tot) {
762: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$idx[$ctr]];
763: $ctr++;
764: }
765: }
766: }
767: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
768: return '';
769: }
770:
771: sub rmap {
772: my ($phrase,$dest,$source)=@_;
773: my @oldseed=&random_get_seed();
774: my @seed = &random_seed_from_phrase($phrase);
775: &random_set_seed(@seed);
776: my $destct = scalar(@$dest);
777: if (!$source) {
778: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($destct);
779: my $ctr = 0;
780: my @r_idx;
781: while ($ctr < $destct) {
782: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
783: $ctr++;
784: }
785: my @output;
786: $ctr = 0;
787: while ($ctr < $destct) {
788: $output[$ctr] = $$dest[$r_idx[$ctr]];
789: $ctr++;
790: }
791: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
792: return @output;
793: } else {
794: my $num = scalar(@$source);
795: my @idx = &math_random_permuted_index($num);
796: my $ctr = 0;
797: my $tot = $num;
798: $tot = $destct if $destct < $num;
799: my @r_idx;
800: while ($ctr < $tot) {
801: $r_idx[$idx[$ctr]] = $ctr;
802: $ctr++;
803: }
804: $ctr = 0;
805: if (ref($$dest[0])) {
806: while ($ctr < $tot) {
807: ${$$dest[$ctr]} = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
808: $ctr++;
809: }
810: } else {
811: while ($ctr < $tot) {
812: $$dest[$ctr] = $$source[$r_idx[$ctr]];
813: $ctr++;
814: }
815: }
816: }
817: &random_set_seed(@oldseed);
818: return '';
819: }
820:
821: sub capa_id { return }
822:
823: sub problem { return }
824:
825: sub name{
826: my $fullname = &EXT('environment.lastname').', '.&EXT('environment.firstname').' '.&EXT('environment.middlename');
827: $fullname = "" if $fullname eq ", ";
828: $fullname =~ s/\%2d/-/g;
829: return $fullname;
830: }
831:
832: sub student_number {
833: my $id = &EXT('environment.id');
834: $id = '' if $id eq "";
835: return $id;
836: }
837:
838: sub class {
839: my $course = &EXT('course.description');
840: $course = '' if $course eq "";
841: return $course;
842: }
843:
844: sub sec {
845: my $sec = &EXT('request.course.sec');
846: $sec = '' if $sec eq "";
847: return $sec;
848: }
849:
850: sub open_date {
851: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.opendate')));
852: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
853: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
854: my $ampm = " am";
855: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
856: $hm[0]-=12;
857: $ampm = " pm";
858: }
859: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
860: }
861:
862: sub due_date {
863: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.duedate')));
864: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
865: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
866: my $ampm = " am";
867: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
868: $hm[0]-=12;
869: $ampm = " pm";
870: }
871: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
872: }
873:
874: sub answer_date {
875: my @dc = split(/\s+/,localtime(&EXT('resource.0.answerdate')));
876: return '' if ($dc[0] eq "Wed" and $dc[2] == 31 and $dc[4] == 1969);
877: my @hm = split(/:/,$dc[3]);
878: my $ampm = " am";
879: if ($hm[0] > 12) {
880: $hm[0]-=12;
881: $ampm = " pm";
882: }
883: return $dc[0].', '.$dc[1].' '.$dc[2].', '.$dc[4].' at '.$hm[0].':'.$hm[1].$ampm;
884: }
885:
886: sub array_moments {
887: my @input=@_;
888: my (@output,$N);
889: $N=scalar (@input);
890: $output[0]=$N;
891: if ($N <= 1) {
892: $output[1]=$input[0];
893: $output[1]="Input array not defined" if ($N == 0);
894: $output[2]="variance undefined for N<=1";
895: $output[3]="skewness undefined for N<=1";
896: $output[4]="kurtosis undefined for N<=1";
897: return @output;
898: }
899: my $sum=0;
900: foreach my $line (@input) {
901: $sum+=$line;
902: }
903: $output[1] = $sum/$N;
904: my ($x,$sdev,$var,$skew,$kurt) = 0;
905: foreach my $line (@input) {
906: $x=$line-$output[1];
907: $var+=$x**2;
908: $skew+=$x**3;
909: $kurt+=$x**4;
910: }
911: $output[2]=$var/($N-1);
912: $sdev=CORE::sqrt($output[2]);
913: if ($sdev == 0) {
914: $output[3]="inf-variance=0";
915: $output[4]="inf-variance=0";
916: return @output;
917: }
918: $output[3]=$skew/($sdev**3*$N);
919: $output[4]=$kurt/($sdev**4*$N)-3;
920: return @output;
921: }
922:
923: sub choose {
924: my $num = $_[0];
925: return $_[$num];
926: }
927:
928: #&sum1(1,$x,sub { &sum1($_[0],2*$_[0], sub { fact($_[0])**2 })});
929: #sub sum1 {
930: # my ($start,$end,$sub)=@_;
931: # my $sum=0;
932: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
933: # $sum+=&$sub($i);
934: # }
935: # return $sum
936: #}
937:
938: #&sum2('a',1,$x,'&sum2(\'b\',$a,2*$a, \'&factorial($b)**2\')');
939: #sub sum2 {
940: # my ($varname,$start,$end,$line)=@_;
941: # my $sum=0;
942: # for (my $i=$start;$i<=$end;$i++) {
943: # my $func=sub {
944: # eval("\$".$varname."=$i");
945: # eval($line);
946: # };
947: # $sum+=&$func($i);
948: # }
949: # return $sum
950: #}
951:
952: # expiremental idea
953: sub proper_path {
954: my ($path)=@_;
955: if ( $external::target eq "tex" ) {
956: return '/home/httpd/html'.$path;
957: } else {
958: return $path;
959: }
960: }
961:
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