--- loncom/interface/createaccount.pm	2010/12/06 02:39:59	1.37.2.7
+++ loncom/interface/createaccount.pm	2012/10/29 16:59:03	1.53
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # institutional log-in ID (institutional authentication required - localauth
 #  or kerberos) or an e-mail address.
 #
-# $Id: createaccount.pm,v 1.37.2.7 2010/12/06 02:39:59 raeburn Exp $
+# $Id: createaccount.pm,v 1.53 2012/10/29 16:59:03 raeburn Exp $
 #
 # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
 #
@@ -39,12 +39,13 @@ use Apache::lonhtmlcommon;
 use Apache::lonlocal;
 use Apache::lonauth;
 use Apache::resetpw;
-use Captcha::reCAPTCHA;
 use DynaLoader; # for Crypt::DES version
 use Crypt::DES;
 use LONCAPA qw(:DEFAULT :match);
 use HTML::Entities;
 
+#TODO this module needs documentation
+
 sub handler {
     my $r = shift;
     &Apache::loncommon::content_type($r,'text/html');
@@ -65,14 +66,8 @@ sub handler {
     if ($sso_username ne '' && $sso_domain ne '') {
         $domain = $sso_domain; 
     } else {
-        $domain = &Apache::lonnet::default_login_domain();
-        if (defined($env{'form.courseid'})) {
-            if (&validate_course($env{'form.courseid'})) {
-                if ($env{'form.courseid'} =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_courseid)$/) {
-                    $domain = $1; 
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        ($domain, undef) = Apache::lonnet::is_course($env{'form.courseid'}); 
+        $domain ||= &Apache::lonnet::default_login_domain();
     }
     my $domdesc = &Apache::lonnet::domain($domain,'description');
     my $contact_name = &mt('LON-CAPA helpdesk');
@@ -98,9 +93,7 @@ sub handler {
     }
 
     my ($js,$courseid,$title);
-    if (defined($env{'form.courseid'})) {
-        $courseid = &validate_course($env{'form.courseid'});
-    }
+    $courseid = Apache::lonnet::is_course($env{'form.courseid'});
     if ($courseid ne '') {
         $js = &catreturn_js();
         $title = 'Self-enroll in a LON-CAPA course';
@@ -127,20 +120,15 @@ sub handler {
             &print_footer($r);
             return OK;
         } else {
-            $start_page = 
-                &Apache::loncommon::start_page($title,$js,
-                                               {'no_inline_link'   => 1,});
+            $start_page = &Apache::loncommon::start_page($title,$js); 
             &print_header($r,$start_page,$courseid);
             $r->print($output);
             &print_footer($r);    
             return OK;
         }
     }
-    $start_page =
-        &Apache::loncommon::start_page($title,$js,
-                                       {'no_inline_link'   => 1,});
+    $start_page = &Apache::loncommon::start_page($title,$js);
 
-    my $inventory = uc($domain);
     my %domconfig = 
         &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['usercreation'],$domain);
     my ($cancreate,$statustocreate) = &get_creation_controls($domain,$domconfig{'usercreation'});
@@ -148,7 +136,7 @@ sub handler {
         &print_header($r,$start_page,$courseid);
         my $output = '<h3>'.&mt('Account creation unavailable').'</h3>'.
                      '<span class="LC_warning">'.
-                     &mt('Creation of a new user account using an e-mail address or an institutional log-in ID as username is not permitted for the [_1] WebCenter.',$inventory).'</span><br /><br />';
+                     &mt('Creation of a new user account using an e-mail address or an institutional log-in ID as username is not permitted at this institution ([_1]).',$domdesc).'</span><br /><br />';
         $r->print($output);
         &print_footer($r);
         return OK;
@@ -180,7 +168,7 @@ sub handler {
     if ($token) {
         ($output,$nostart,$noend) = 
             &process_mailtoken($r,$token,$contact_name,$contact_email,$domain,
-                               $domdesc,$lonhost,$include,$start_page,$inventory);
+                               $domdesc,$lonhost,$include,$start_page);
         if ($nostart) {
             if ($noend) {
                 return OK;
@@ -200,7 +188,7 @@ sub handler {
     if ($env{'form.phase'} eq 'username_activation') {
         (my $result,$output,$nostart) = 
             &username_activation($r,$env{'form.uname'},$domain,$domdesc,
-                                 $lonhost,$courseid);
+                                 $courseid);
         if ($result eq 'ok') {
             if ($nostart) {
                 return OK;
@@ -227,7 +215,7 @@ sub handler {
         $output = &process_email_request($env{'form.useremail'},$domain,$domdesc,
                                          $contact_name,$contact_email,$cancreate,
                                          $lonhost,$domconfig{'usercreation'},
-                                         $courseid,$inventory);
+                                         $courseid);
     } elsif (!$token) {
         &print_header($r,$start_page,$courseid);
         my $now=time;
@@ -287,7 +275,7 @@ sub selfenroll_crumbs {
     }
     my $last_crumb;
     if ($desc ne '') {
-        $last_crumb = &mt('Self-enroll in [_1]','<span class="LC_cusr_emph">'.$desc.'</span>');
+        $last_crumb = &mt('Self-enroll in [_1]',"<span class='LC_cusr_emph'>$desc</span>");
     } else {
         $last_crumb = &mt('Self-enroll');
     }
@@ -298,17 +286,6 @@ sub selfenroll_crumbs {
     return;
 }
 
-sub validate_course {
-    my ($courseid) = @_;
-    my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($courseid =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_courseid)$/);
-    if (($cdom ne '') && ($cnum ne '')) {
-        if (&Apache::lonnet::is_course($cdom,$cnum)) {
-            return ($courseid);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
 sub javascript_setforms {
     my ($now) =  @_;
     my $js = <<ENDSCRIPT;
@@ -375,13 +352,6 @@ function validate_email() {
     if (validmail(field) == false) {
         alert("$lt{'email'}: "+field.value+" $lt{'notv'}.");
         return false;
-    } else {
-       var emailaddr = field.value;
-       var lcemail = emailaddr.toLowerCase();
-       if (emailaddr != lcemail) {
-           field.value = lcemail;
-           alert("WebCenter usernames are all lower case.\\nAccordingly your username will be "+lcemail+" once activated.");
-       }
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -411,8 +381,14 @@ sub print_username_form {
         }
         if (grep(/^email$/,@{$cancreate})) {
             $output .= '<div class="LC_left_float"><h3>'.&mt('Create account with an e-mail address as your username').'</h3>';
-            my $captchaform = &create_recaptcha();
-            if ($captchaform) {
+            my ($captchaform,$error) = &Apache::loncommon::captcha_display('usercreation',$lonhost);
+            if ($error) {
+                my $helpdesk = '/adm/helpdesk?origurl=%2fadm%2fcreateaccount';
+                if ($courseid ne '') {
+                    $helpdesk .= '&courseid='.$courseid;
+                }
+                $output .= '<span class="LC_error">'.&mt('An error occurred generating the validation code[_1] required for an e-mail address to be used as username.','<br />').'</span><br /><br />'.&mt('[_1]Contact the helpdesk[_2] or [_3]reload[_2] the page and try again.','<a href="'.$helpdesk.'">','</a>','<a href="javascript:window.location.reload()">');
+            } else {
                 my $submit_text = &mt('Request LON-CAPA account');
                 my $emailform = '<input type="text" name="useremail" size="25" value="" />';
                 if (grep(/^login$/,@{$cancreate})) {
@@ -420,16 +396,17 @@ sub print_username_form {
                 } else {
                     $output .= '<br />';
                 }
-                $output .=  '<form name="createaccount" method="post" onSubmit="return validate_email()" action="/adm/createaccount">'.
+                $output .=  '<form name="createaccount" method="post" onsubmit="return validate_email()" action="/adm/createaccount">'.
                             &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::start_pick_box()."\n".
                             &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('E-mail address'),
-                                                             'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
-                            $emailform."\n".
-                            &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_closure(1).
-                            &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('Validation'),
-                                                             'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
-                            $captchaform."\n".
-                            &mt('If either word is hard to read, [_1] will replace them.','<image src="/res/adm/pages/refresh.gif" alt="reCAPTCHA refresh" />').'<br /><br />';
+                                                              'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
+                            $emailform."\n";
+                if ($captchaform) {
+                    $output .= &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_closure(1).
+                               &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('Validation'),
+                                                                 'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
+                               $captchaform."\n".'<br /><br />';
+                }
                 if ($courseid ne '') {
                     $output .= '<input type="hidden" name="courseid" value="'.$courseid.'"/>'."\n"; 
                 }
@@ -443,12 +420,6 @@ sub print_username_form {
                     $output .= &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::echo_form_input(['courseid']);
                 }
                 $output .= '</form>';
-            } else {
-                my $helpdesk = '/adm/helpdesk?origurl=%2fadm%2fcreateaccount';
-                if ($courseid ne '') {
-                    $helpdesk .= '&courseid='.$courseid;
-                }
-                $output .= '<span class="LC_error">'.&mt('An error occurred generating the validation code[_1] required for an e-mail address to be used as username.','<br />').'</span><br /><br />'.&mt('[_1]Contact the helpdesk[_2] or [_3]reload[_2] the page and try again.','<a href="'.$helpdesk.'">','</a>','<a href="javascript:window.location.reload()">');
             }
             $output .= '</div>';
         }
@@ -470,13 +441,12 @@ sub login_box {
                                             );
     my ($lkey,$ukey) = &Apache::lonpreferences::des_keys();
     my ($lextkey,$uextkey) = &getkeys($lkey,$ukey);
-    my $logtoken=Apache::lonnet::reply('tmpput:'.$ukey.$lkey.'&createaccount',
+    my $logtoken=Apache::lonnet::reply('tmpput:'.$ukey.$lkey.'&createaccount:createaccount',
                                        $lonhost);
     $output = &serverform($logtoken,$lonhost,undef,$courseid,$context);
     my $unameform = '<input type="text" name="uname" size="20" value="" />';
     my $upassform = '<input type="password" name="upass'.$now.'" size="20" />';
-    $output .= '<form name="client" method="post" onsubmit="return(send());">'."\n".
-               '<input type="hidden" name="udom" value="'.$domain.'" />'.
+    $output .= '<form name="client" method="post" action="" onsubmit="return(send());">'."\n".
                &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::start_pick_box()."\n".
                &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title($titles{$context},
                                                  'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
@@ -485,6 +455,16 @@ sub login_box {
                &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('Password'),
                                                 'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
                $upassform;
+    if ($context eq 'selfenroll') {
+        my $udomform = '<input type="text" name="udom" size="10" value="'.
+                        $domain.'" />';
+        $output .= &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_closure(1)."\n".
+                   &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('Domain'),
+                                                     'LC_pick_box_title')."\n".
+                   $udomform."\n";
+    } else {
+        $output .= '<input type="hidden" name="udom" value="'.$domain.'" />';
+    }
     $output .= &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_closure(1).
                &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title().
                '<br /><input type="submit" name="username_validation" value="'.
@@ -505,8 +485,8 @@ sub login_box {
 
 sub process_email_request {
     my ($useremail,$domain,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$cancreate,
-        $server,$settings,$courseid,$inventory) = @_;
-    $useremail = lc($env{'form.useremail'});
+        $server,$settings,$courseid) = @_;
+    $useremail = $env{'form.useremail'};
     my $output;
     if (ref($cancreate) eq 'ARRAY') {
         if (!grep(/^email$/,@{$cancreate})) {
@@ -521,28 +501,20 @@ sub process_email_request {
             my $uhome = &Apache::lonnet::homeserver($useremail,$domain);
             if ($uhome ne 'no_host') {
                 $output = &invalid_state('existinguser',$domdesc,
-                                         $contact_name,$contact_email,'',$useremail);
+                                         $contact_name,$contact_email);
                 return $output;
             } else {
-                 my $captcha = Captcha::reCAPTCHA->new;
-                 my $captcha_result =
-                     $captcha->check_answer(
-                                            'PRIVATEKEY',
-                                            $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'},
-                                            $env{'form.recaptcha_challenge_field'},
-                                            $env{'form.recaptcha_response_field'},
-                                           );
-                if (!$captcha_result->{is_valid}) {
+                my ($captcha_chk,$captcha_error) = &Apache::loncommon::captcha_response('usercreation',$server);
+                if ($captcha_chk != 1) {
                     $output = &invalid_state('captcha',$domdesc,$contact_name,
-                                             $contact_email);
-
+                                             $contact_email,$captcha_error);
                     return $output;
                 }
                 my $uhome=&Apache::lonnet::homeserver($useremail,$domain);
                 if ($uhome eq 'no_host') {
                     my (%rulematch,%inst_results,%curr_rules,%got_rules,%alerts);
                     &call_rulecheck($useremail,$domain,\%alerts,\%rulematch,
-                                    \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,%got_rules,'username');
+                                    \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,\%got_rules,'username');
                     if (ref($alerts{'username'}) eq 'HASH') {
                         if (ref($alerts{'username'}{$domain}) eq 'HASH') {
                             if ($alerts{'username'}{$domain}{$useremail}) {
@@ -564,7 +536,7 @@ sub process_email_request {
             }
         }
         $output = &send_token($domain,$useremail,$server,$domdesc,$contact_name,
-                          $contact_email,$courseid,$inventory);
+                          $contact_email,$courseid);
     }
     return $output;
 }
@@ -584,8 +556,7 @@ sub call_rulecheck {
 }
 
 sub send_token {
-    my ($domain,$email,$server,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$courseid,
-        $inventory) = @_;
+    my ($domain,$email,$server,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$courseid) = @_;
     my $msg = '<h3>'.&mt('Account creation status').'</h3>'.
               &mt('Thank you for your request to create a new LON-CAPA account.').
               '<br /><br />';
@@ -595,13 +566,13 @@ sub send_token {
                 'domain'     => $domain,
                 'username'   => $email,
                 'courseid'   => $courseid);
-    my $token = &Apache::lonnet::tmpput(\%info,$server);
+    my $token = &Apache::lonnet::tmpput(\%info,$server,'createaccount');
     if ($token !~ /^error/ && $token ne 'no_such_host') {
         my $esc_token = &escape($token);
         my $showtime = localtime(time);
-        my $mailmsg = &mt('A request was submitted on [_1] for creation of a [_2] WebCenter account.',$showtime,$inventory)." \n".
+        my $mailmsg = &mt('A request was submitted on [_1] for creation of a LON-CAPA account at the following institution: [_2].',$showtime,$domdesc).' '.
              &mt('To complete this process please open a web browser and enter the following URL in the address/location box: [_1]',
-                 "\n\n".&Apache::lonnet::absolute_url().'/adm/createaccount?token='.$esc_token);
+                 &Apache::lonnet::absolute_url().'/adm/createaccount?token='.$esc_token);
         my $result = &Apache::resetpw::send_mail($domdesc,$email,$mailmsg,$contact_name,
                                                  $contact_email);
         if ($result eq 'ok') {
@@ -621,7 +592,7 @@ sub send_token {
 
 sub process_mailtoken {
     my ($r,$token,$contact_name,$contact_email,$domain,$domdesc,$lonhost,
-        $include,$start_page,$inventory) = @_;
+        $include,$start_page) = @_;
     my ($msg,$nostart,$noend);
     my %data = &Apache::lonnet::tmpget($token);
     my $now = time;
@@ -636,12 +607,12 @@ sub process_mailtoken {
         ($data{'username'}  =~ /^[^\@]+\@[^\@]+\.[^\@\.]+$/)) {
         if ($now - $data{'time'} < 7200) {
             if ($env{'form.phase'} eq 'createaccount') {
-                my ($result,$output) = &create_account($r,$domain,$lonhost,
-                                                       $data{'username'},$domdesc);
+                my ($result,$output,$uhome) = 
+                    &create_account($r,$domain,$data{'username'},$domdesc);
                 if ($result eq 'ok') {
                     $msg = $output; 
                     my $shownow = &Apache::lonlocal::locallocaltime($now);
-                    my $mailmsg = &mt('A [_1] WebCenter account has been created [_2] from IP address: [_3].  If you did not perform this action or authorize it, please contact the [_4] ([_5]).',$inventory,$shownow,$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'},$contact_name,$contact_email)."\n";
+                    my $mailmsg = &mt('A LON-CAPA account for the institution: [_1] has been created [_2] from IP address: [_3]. If you did not perform this action or authorize it, please contact the [_4] ([_5]).',$domdesc,$shownow,$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'},$contact_name,$contact_email)."\n";
                     my $mailresult = &Apache::resetpw::send_mail($domdesc,$data{'email'},
                                                                  $mailmsg,$contact_name,
                                                                  $contact_email);
@@ -650,9 +621,8 @@ sub process_mailtoken {
                     } else {
                         $msg .= &mt('An error occurred when sending e-mail to [_1] confirming creation of your LON-CAPA account.',$data{'username'});
                     }
-                    my %form = &start_session($r,$data{'username'},$domain, 
-                                              $lonhost,$data{'courseid'},
-                                              $token);
+                    &start_session($r,$data{'username'},$domain,$uhome,
+                                   $data{'courseid'},$token);
                     $nostart = 1;
                     $noend = 1;
                 } else {
@@ -679,34 +649,31 @@ sub process_mailtoken {
 }
 
 sub start_session {
-    my ($r,$username,$domain,$lonhost,$courseid,$token) = @_;
-    my %form = (
-                uname => $username,
-                udom  => $domain,
-               );
-    my $firsturl = '/adm/roles';
-    if (defined($courseid)) {
-        $courseid = &validate_course($courseid);
-        if ($courseid ne '') {
-            $form{'courseid'} = $courseid;
-            $firsturl = '/adm/selfenroll?courseid='.$courseid;
-        }
-    }
+    my ($r,$username,$domain,$uhome,$courseid,$token) = @_;
+
     if ($r->dir_config('lonBalancer') eq 'yes') {
-        &Apache::lonauth::success($r,$form{'uname'},$form{'udom'},
-                                  $lonhost,'noredirect',undef,\%form);
-        if ($token ne '') { 
-            my $delete = &Apache::lonnet::tmpdel($token);
-        }
+        Apache::lonauth::success($r, $username, $domain, $uhome,
+            'noredirect', undef, {});
+
+        Apache::lonnet::tmpdel($token) if $token;
+
         $r->internal_redirect('/adm/switchserver');
     } else {
-        &Apache::lonauth::success($r,$form{'uname'},$form{'udom'},
-                                  $lonhost,$firsturl,undef,\%form);
+        $courseid = Apache::lonnet::is_course($courseid); 
+
+        Apache::lonauth::success($r, $username, $domain, $uhome,
+            ($courseid ? "/adm/selfenroll?courseid=$courseid" : '/adm/roles'),
+            undef, {}); 
     }
-    return %form;
-}
 
+    return;
+}
 
+#
+# The screen that the user gets to create his or her account
+# Desired username, desired password, etc
+# Stores token to store DES-key and stage during creation session
+#
 sub print_dataentry_form {
     my ($r,$domain,$lonhost,$include,$mailtoken,$now,$username,$start_page) = @_;
     my ($error,$output);
@@ -719,7 +686,7 @@ sub print_dataentry_form {
         $output .= &javascript_setforms($now)."\n".&javascript_checkpass($now);
         my ($lkey,$ukey) = &Apache::lonpreferences::des_keys();
         my ($lextkey,$uextkey) = &getkeys($lkey,$ukey);
-        my $logtoken=Apache::lonnet::reply('tmpput:'.$ukey.$lkey.'&createaccount',
+        my $logtoken=Apache::lonnet::reply('tmpput:'.$ukey.$lkey.'&createaccount:createaccount',
                                            $lonhost);
         my $formtag = '<form name="server" method="post" target="_top" action="/adm/createaccount">';
         my ($datatable,$rowcount) =
@@ -748,7 +715,7 @@ ENDSERVERFORM
         my $upasstwo = '<input type="password" name="upasscheck'.$now.'" size="10" />';
         my $submit_text = &mt('Create LON-CAPA account');
         $output .= '<h3>'.&mt('Login Data').'</h3>'."\n".
-                   '<form name="client" method="post" '.
+                   '<form name="client" method="post" action="" '.
                    'onsubmit="return checkpass();">'."\n".
                    &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::start_pick_box()."\n".
                    &Apache::lonhtmlcommon::row_title(&mt('Username'),
@@ -786,6 +753,10 @@ ENDSERVERFORM
     return $output;
 }
 
+#
+# Retrieve rules for generating accounts from domain configuration
+# Can the user make a new account or just self-enroll?
+
 sub get_creation_controls {
     my ($domain,$usercreation) = @_;
     my (@cancreate,@statustocreate);
@@ -793,6 +764,17 @@ sub get_creation_controls {
         if (ref($usercreation->{'cancreate'}) eq 'HASH') {
             if (ref($usercreation->{'cancreate'}{'statustocreate'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                 @statustocreate = @{$usercreation->{'cancreate'}{'statustocreate'}};
+                if (@statustocreate == 0) {
+                    my ($othertitle,$usertypes,$types) =
+                        &Apache::loncommon::sorted_inst_types($domain);
+                    if (ref($types) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                        if (@{$types} == 0) {
+                            @statustocreate = ('default');
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        @statustocreate = ('default');
+                    }
+                }
             } else {
                 @statustocreate = ('default');
                 my ($othertitle,$usertypes,$types) =
@@ -813,9 +795,13 @@ sub get_creation_controls {
 }
 
 sub create_account {
-    my ($r,$domain,$lonhost,$username,$domdesc) = @_;
+    my ($r,$domain,$username,$domdesc) = @_;
+# Get the token info
     my ($retrieved,$output,$upass) = &process_credentials($env{'form.logtoken'},
                                                           $env{'form.serverid'}); 
+# $retrieved is 'ok' if things worked
+# $output is user error output
+# $upass is the decrypted password
     # Error messages
     my $error     = '<span class="LC_error">'.&mt('Error:').' ';
     my $end       = '</span><br /><br />';
@@ -824,6 +810,7 @@ sub create_account {
                     &Apache::loncommon::end_page();
     if ($retrieved eq 'ok') {
         if ($env{'form.courseid'} ne '') {
+# See if we are allowed to use this username per domain rules (number of characters, etc)
             my ($result,$userchkmsg) = &check_id($username,$domain,$domdesc);
             if ($result eq 'fail') {
                 $output = $error.&mt('Invalid ID format').$end.
@@ -834,22 +821,32 @@ sub create_account {
     } else {
         return ('fail',$error.$output.$end.$rtnlink);
     }
-    # Call modifyuser
+    # Yes! We can do this. Valid token, valid username format
+    # Create an internally authenticated account with password $upass 
+    # if the account does not exist yet
+    # Assign student/staff number $env{'form.cid'}, first name, last name, etc
     my $result = 
         &Apache::lonnet::modifyuser($domain,$username,$env{'form.cid'},
                                     'internal',$upass,$env{'form.cfirstname'},
                                     $env{'form.cmiddlename'},$env{'form.clastname'},
                                     $env{'form.cgeneration'},undef,undef,$username);
     $output = &mt('Generating user: [_1]',$result);
+    # Now that the user exists, we can have a homeserver
     my $uhome = &Apache::lonnet::homeserver($username,$domain);
     $output .= '<br />'.&mt('Home server: [_1]',$uhome).' '.
               &Apache::lonnet::hostname($uhome).'<br /><br />';
-    return ('ok',$output);
+    return ('ok',$output,$uhome);
 }
 
 sub username_validation {
     my ($r,$username,$domain,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$courseid,
         $lonhost,$statustocreate) = @_;
+# $username,$domain: for the user who needs to be validated
+# $domdesc: full name of the domain (for error messages)
+# $contact_name, $contact_email: name and email for user assistance (for error messages in &username_check
+# $courseid: ID of the course that the user should be validated for, goes into start_session
+# $statustocreate: -> inststatus in username_check ('faculty', 'staff', 'student', ...)
+ 
     my ($retrieved,$output,$upass);
 
     $username= &LONCAPA::clean_username($username);
@@ -864,7 +861,7 @@ sub username_validation {
     if ($uhome ne 'no_host') {
         my $result = &Apache::lonnet::authenticate($username,$upass,$domain);
         if ($result ne 'no_host') { 
-            my %form = &start_session($r,$username,$domain,$lonhost,$courseid);
+            &start_session($r,$username,$domain,$uhome,$courseid);
             $output = '<br /><br />'.&mt('A LON-CAPA account already exists for username [_1] at this institution ([_2]).','<tt>'.$username.'</tt>',$domdesc).'<br />'.&mt('The password entered was also correct so you have been logged in.');
             return ('existingaccount',$output);
         } else {
@@ -914,7 +911,7 @@ sub username_check {
     my (%rulematch,%inst_results,$checkfail,$rowcount,$editable,$output,$msg,
         %alerts,%curr_rules,%got_rules);
     &call_rulecheck($username,$domain,\%alerts,\%rulematch,
-                    \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,%got_rules,'username');
+                    \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,\%got_rules,'username');
     if (ref($alerts{'username'}) eq 'HASH') {
         if (ref($alerts{'username'}{$domain}) eq 'HASH') {
             if ($alerts{'username'}{$domain}{$username}) {
@@ -960,7 +957,7 @@ sub username_check {
                     'time'       => $now,
                     'domain'     => $domain,
                     'username'   => $username);
-        my $authtoken = &Apache::lonnet::tmpput(\%info,$lonhost);
+        my $authtoken = &Apache::lonnet::tmpput(\%info,$lonhost,'createaccount');
         if ($authtoken !~ /^error/ && $authtoken ne 'no_such_host') {
             $output .= '<input type="hidden" name="authtoken" value="'.&HTML::Entities::encode($authtoken,'&<>"').'" />';
         } else {
@@ -971,7 +968,7 @@ sub username_check {
         }
     }
     if ($checkfail) { 
-        $msg = '<h4>'.&mt('Account creation unavailable').'</h4>';
+        $msg = '<br /><h4>'.&mt('Account creation unavailable').'</h4>';
         if ($checkfail eq 'username') {
             $msg .= '<span class="LC_warning">'.
                      &mt('A LON-CAPA account may not be created with the username you use.').
@@ -997,7 +994,7 @@ sub username_check {
         if ($rowcount) {
             if ($editable) {
                 if ($courseid ne '') { 
-                    $msg = '<h4>'.&mt('User information').'</h4>';
+                    $msg = '<br /><h4>'.&mt('User information').'</h4>';
                 }
                 $msg .= &mt('To create one, use the table below to provide information about yourself, then click the [_1]Create LON-CAPA account[_2] button.','<span class="LC_cusr_emph">','</span>').'<br />';
             } else {
@@ -1018,7 +1015,7 @@ sub username_check {
 }
 
 sub username_activation {
-    my ($r,$username,$domain,$domdesc,$lonhost,$courseid) = @_;
+    my ($r,$username,$domain,$domdesc,$courseid) = @_;
     my $output;
     my $error     = '<span class="LC_error">'.&mt('Error:').' ';
     my $end       = '</span><br /><br />';
@@ -1061,7 +1058,7 @@ sub username_activation {
         # Call modifyuser
         my (%rulematch,%inst_results,%curr_rules,%got_rules,%alerts,%info);
         &call_rulecheck($username,$domain,\%alerts,\%rulematch,
-                        \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,%got_rules);
+                        \%inst_results,\%curr_rules,\%got_rules);
         my @userinfo = ('firstname','middlename','lastname','generation',
                         'permanentemail','id');
         my %canmodify = 
@@ -1088,7 +1085,8 @@ sub username_activation {
         if ($result eq 'ok') {
             my $delete = &Apache::lonnet::tmpdel($env{'form.authtoken'});
             $output = &mt('A LON-CAPA account has been created for username: [_1] in domain: [_2].',$username,$domain);
-            my %form = &start_session($r,$username,$domain,$lonhost,$courseid);
+            my $uhome=&Apache::lonnet::homeserver($username,$domain,'true');
+            &start_session($r,$username,$domain,$uhome,$courseid);
             my $nostart = 1;
             return ('ok',$output,$nostart);
         } else {
@@ -1104,6 +1102,9 @@ sub username_activation {
 sub check_id {
     my ($username,$domain,$domdesc) = @_;
     # Check ID format
+    # Is $username in an okay format for $domain 
+    # (right number of characters, special characters, etc - follow domain rules)?
+    # $domdesc is just used for user error messages
     my (%alerts,%rulematch,%inst_results,%curr_rules,%checkhash);
     my %checks = ('id' => 1);
     %{$checkhash{$username.':'.$domain}} = (
@@ -1131,16 +1132,12 @@ sub check_id {
 }
 
 sub invalid_state {
-    my ($error,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$msgtext,$useremail) = @_;
+    my ($error,$domdesc,$contact_name,$contact_email,$msgtext) = @_;
     my $msg = '<h3>'.&mt('Account creation unavailable').'</h3><span class="LC_error">';
     if ($error eq 'baduseremail') {
         $msg .= &mt('The e-mail address you provided does not appear to be a valid address.');
     } elsif ($error eq 'existinguser') {
-        my $uname = &HTML::Entities::encode($useremail);
-        $msg .= &mt('The e-mail address you provided is already in use as a username in LON-CAPA at this institution.').'</span><br /><br /><span class="LC_warning">'.&mt('You can either:').'<ul>'.
-                '<li>'.&mt('Return to the [_1]log-in page[_2] and enter your password.','<a href="/adm/login?username='.$uname.'">','</a>').'</li>'.
-                '<li>'.&mt('or, if you do not remember your password, visit the "[_1]Forgot your password?[_2]" page.','<a href="/adm/resetpw?uname='.$uname.'&useremail='.$uname.'&referrer=createaccount">','</a>').
-                '</li></ul>';
+        $msg .= &mt('The e-mail address you provided is already in use as a username in LON-CAPA at this institution.');
     } elsif ($error eq 'userrules') {
         $msg .= &mt('Username rules at this institution do not allow the e-mail address you provided to be used as a username.');
     } elsif ($error eq 'userformat') {
@@ -1161,9 +1158,10 @@ sub invalid_state {
 sub linkto_email_help {
     my ($contact_email,$domdesc,$error) = @_;
     my $msg;
+    my $href = '/adm/helpdesk';
     if ($contact_email ne '') {
         my $escuri = &HTML::Entities::encode('/adm/createaccount','&<>"');
-        my $href = '/adm/helpdesk?origurl='.$escuri;
+        $href .= '?origurl='.$escuri;
         if ($error eq 'existinguser') {
             my $escemail = &HTML::Entities::encode($env{'form.useremail'});
             $href .= '&useremail='.$escemail.'&useraccount='.$escemail;
@@ -1175,13 +1173,6 @@ sub linkto_email_help {
     return $msg;
 }
 
-sub create_recaptcha {
-    my $captcha = Captcha::reCAPTCHA->new;
-    return $captcha->get_options_setter({theme => 'white'})."\n".
-           $captcha->get_html('PUBLICKEY'); # generate public key for IP
-                                            # from http://recaptcha.net/
-}
-
 sub getkeys {
     my ($lkey,$ukey) = @_;
     my $lextkey=hex($lkey);
@@ -1219,6 +1210,12 @@ ENDSERVERFORM
 }
 
 sub process_credentials {
+#
+# Fetches the information from the logtoken via tmpget
+# Token contains the DES-key and the stage of the process (would only be "createaccount")
+# $lonhost in this routine is *not* necessarily the machine that this runs on,
+# but $env{'form.serverid'}, the machine that issued the token. 
+#
     my ($logtoken,$lonhost) = @_;
     my $tmpinfo=Apache::lonnet::reply('tmpget:'.$logtoken,$lonhost);
     my ($retrieved,$output,$upass);
@@ -1240,6 +1237,10 @@ sub process_credentials {
     } else {
         $output = &mt('Unable to retrieve your log-in information - unexpected context');
     }
+# $retrieved is 'ok' if retrieved okay
+# $output is screen output for the user
+# $upass is $env{'form.upass'}, decrypted with the DES-key, if stage was 'createaccount'
+
     return ($retrieved,$output,$upass);
 }