Annotation of loncom/localize/lonlocal.pm, revision 1.61
1.1 www 1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # Localization routines
3: #
1.61 ! raeburn 4: # $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.60 2009/10/01 20:22:33 raeburn Exp $
1.1 www 5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: ######################################################################
29: ######################################################################
1.10 bowersj2 30:
31: =pod
32:
33: =head1 NAME
34:
35: Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services
36:
37: =head1 SYNOPSIS
38:
39: lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based
40: on Locale::Maketext. See
41: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
42: for more information on Maketext.
43:
44: =head1 OVERVIEWX<internationalization>
45:
46: As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the
47: Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work
48: right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves
49: little or no programming.
50:
51: The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around
52: on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys,
53: which the MaketextX<Maketext> library translates into the desired
54: language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X<lexicon>
55:
56: As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and
57: Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no
58: translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the
59: internationalization without disturbing the screen output.
60:
61: Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible
62: for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create
63: translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one
64: area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a
65: programmer, and we'd really appreciate it.
66:
67: =head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers
68:
69: Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert
70:
71: use Apache::lonlocal;
72:
73: Note that there are B<no parentheses>, we B<want> to pollute our
74: namespace.
75:
76: Inside might be something like this
77:
78: sub message {
79: my $status=shift;
80: my $message='Status unknown';
81: if ($status eq 'WON') {
82: $message='You have won.';
83: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
84: $message='You are a total looser.';
85: }
86: return $message;
87: }
88: ...
89: $r->print('<h3>Gamble your Homework Points</h3>');
90: ...
91: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
92: <font size="1">Rules:</font>
93: <font size="0">No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.</font>
94: ENDMSG
95:
96: We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X<mt> ("maketext") around our
97: messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance.
98: The first two examples are easy:
99:
100: sub message {
101: my $status=shift;
102: my $message='Status unknown';
103: if ($status eq 'WON') {
104: $message='You have won.';
105: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
106: $message='You are a total looser.';
107: }
108: return &mt($message);
109: }
110: ...
111: $r->print('<h3>'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'</h3>');
112:
113: The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of
114: (<<MARKER). I have written a little subroutine to generate a translated
115: hash for that purpose:
116:
117: my %lt=&Apache::lonlocal::texthash('header' => 'Rules', 'disclaimer' =>
118: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.');
119: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
120: <font size="1">$lt{'header'}:</font>
121: <font size="0">$lt{'disclaimer'}</font>
122: ENDMSG
123:
124: As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you
125: should see no changes on the screen.
126:
127: =head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators
128:
129: As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in
130: this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in
131: loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for
132: example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks
133: like this:
134:
135: 'You have won.'
136: => 'Sie haben gewonnen.',
137:
138: 'You are a total looser.'
139: => 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.',
140:
141: 'Rules'
142: => 'Regeln',
143:
144: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'
145: => 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.'
146:
147:
148: Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string
149: (the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the
150: keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to
151: ignore the rest of the line.
152:
153: This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated.
154:
155: Maketext can do a whole lot more, see
156: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
157: but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that.
158:
159: =cut
1.1 www 160:
161: package Apache::lonlocal;
162:
163: use strict;
164: use Apache::localize;
1.14 www 165: use locale;
1.39 albertel 166: use POSIX qw(locale_h strftime);
1.42 albertel 167: use DateTime();
1.46 raeburn 168: use DateTime::TimeZone;
1.49 raeburn 169: use DateTime::Locale;
1.1 www 170:
171: require Exporter;
172:
173: our @ISA = qw (Exporter);
1.48 raeburn 174: our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns mt_user);
1.1 www 175:
1.57 www 176: my %mtcache=();
177:
1.1 www 178: # ========================================================= The language handle
179:
1.57 www 180: use vars qw($lh $current_language);
1.1 www 181:
182: # ===================================================== The "MakeText" function
183:
184: sub mt (@) {
1.36 albertel 185: # open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt');
186: # print LOG (@_[0]."\n");
187: # close(LOG);
1.26 www 188: if ($lh) {
1.44 raeburn 189: if ($_[0] eq '') {
190: if (wantarray) {
191: return @_;
192: } else {
193: return $_[0];
194: }
195: } else {
1.57 www 196: if ($#_>0) { return $lh->maketext(@_); }
197: if ($mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}) {
198: return $mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]};
199: }
200: my $translation=$lh->maketext(@_);
201: $mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}=$translation;
202: return $translation;
1.44 raeburn 203: }
1.3 www 204: } else {
1.31 albertel 205: if (wantarray) {
206: return @_;
207: } else {
208: return $_[0];
209: }
1.4 www 210: }
211: }
212:
1.48 raeburn 213: sub mt_user {
214: my ($user_lh,@what) = @_;
215: if ($user_lh) {
216: if ($what[0] eq '') {
217: if (wantarray) {
218: return @what;
219: } else {
220: return $what[0];
221: }
222: } else {
223: return $user_lh->maketext(@what);
224: }
225: } else {
226: if (wantarray) {
227: return @what;
228: } else {
229: return $what[0];
230: }
231: }
232: }
233:
1.6 www 234: # ============================================================== What language?
235:
236: sub current_language {
1.20 albertel 237: if ($lh) {
238: my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code');
239: return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang);
240: }
1.21 www 241: return 'en';
1.6 www 242: }
243:
1.52 raeburn 244: sub preferred_languages {
245: my @languages=();
246: if (($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.adv'}) && ($Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'})) {
247: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'}));
248: }
249: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) {
250: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,
251: $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}));
252: }
253:
254: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}) {
255: @languages=(@languages,
256: split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}));
257: }
258: my $browser=$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'};
259: if ($browser) {
260: my @browser =
261: map { (split(/\s*;\s*/,$_))[0] } (split(/\s*,\s*/,$browser));
262: push(@languages,@browser);
263: }
264:
1.60 raeburn 265: my $defdom = &Apache::lonnet::default_login_domain();
266: foreach my $domtype ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'},$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'},$defdom) {
1.52 raeburn 267: if ($domtype ne '') {
268: my %domdefs = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($domtype);
269: if ($domdefs{'lang_def'} ne '') {
270: push(@languages,$domdefs{'lang_def'});
271: }
272: }
273: }
274: return &get_genlanguages(@languages);
275: }
276:
277: sub get_genlanguages {
278: my (@languages) = @_;
279: # turn "en-ca" into "en-ca,en"
280: my @genlanguages;
281: foreach my $lang (@languages) {
282: unless ($lang=~/\w/) { next; }
283: push(@genlanguages,$lang);
284: if ($lang=~/(\-|\_)/) {
285: push(@genlanguages,(split(/(\-|\_)/,$lang))[0]);
286: }
287: }
288: #uniqueify the languages list
289: my %count;
290: @genlanguages = map { $count{$_}++ == 0 ? $_ : () } @genlanguages;
291: return @genlanguages;
292: }
293:
1.8 www 294: # ============================================================== What encoding?
295:
296: sub current_encoding {
1.33 albertel 297: my $default='UTF-8';
1.61 ! raeburn 298: unless ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.unicode'}) {
! 299: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' &&
! 300: $Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') {
! 301: $default='ISO-8859-1';
! 302: }
! 303: }
1.12 albertel 304: if ($lh) {
305: my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding');
1.33 albertel 306: return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc);
1.12 albertel 307: } else {
1.33 albertel 308: return $default;
1.12 albertel 309: }
1.8 www 310: }
311:
1.15 www 312: # =============================================================== Which locale?
313: # Refer to locale -a
314: #
315: sub current_locale {
316: if ($lh) {
317: my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale');
318: return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc);
319: } else {
320: return undef;
321: }
322: }
323:
1.4 www 324: # ============================================================== Translate hash
325:
326: sub texthash {
327: my %hash=@_;
328: foreach (keys %hash) {
329: $hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_});
330: }
331: return %hash;
1.1 www 332: }
333:
334: # ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers)
335:
336: sub get_language_handle {
1.9 www 337: my $r=shift;
1.31 albertel 338: if ($r) {
339: my $headers=$r->headers_in;
340: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'};
341: }
1.52 raeburn 342: my @languages=&preferred_languages();
1.29 www 343: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}='';
344: $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages);
1.57 www 345: $current_language=¤t_language();
1.37 albertel 346: if ($r) {
1.12 albertel 347: $r->content_languages([¤t_language()]);
1.8 www 348: }
1.16 www 349: ### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale);
1.18 www 350: }
351:
352: # ========================================================== Localize localtime
1.35 www 353: sub gettimezone {
1.53 raeburn 354: my ($timezone) = @_;
355: if ($timezone ne '') {
356: if (!DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
357: $timezone = 'local';
358: }
359: return $timezone;
360: }
361: my $cid = $Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'};
362: if ($cid ne '') {
363: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}) {
364: $timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'};
365: } else {
366: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
367: if ($cdom ne '') {
368: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
369: if ($domdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
370: $timezone = $domdefaults{'timezone_def'};
371: }
1.45 raeburn 372: }
373: }
1.50 raeburn 374: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'} ne '') {
375: my %uroledomdefs =
376: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'});
377: if ($uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
378: $timezone = $uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'};
379: }
380: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
381: my %udomdefaults =
382: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
383: if ($udomdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
384: $timezone = $udomdefaults{'timezone_def'};
385: }
1.42 albertel 386: }
1.46 raeburn 387: if ($timezone ne '') {
388: if (DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
389: return $timezone;
390: }
391: }
1.42 albertel 392: return 'local';
1.35 www 393: }
1.18 www 394:
395: sub locallocaltime {
1.59 droeschl 396: my ($thistime,$timezone) = @_;
1.58 lueken 397:
1.40 albertel 398: if (!defined($thistime) || $thistime eq '') {
399: return &mt('Never');
400: }
1.47 raeburn 401: if (($thistime < 0) || ($thistime eq 'NaN')) {
402: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected time (negative or NaN) '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
403: return &mt('Never');
404: }
405: if ($thistime !~ /^\d+$/) {
406: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected non-numeric time '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
407: return &mt('Never');
408: }
1.42 albertel 409:
1.59 droeschl 410: my $dt = DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $thistime)
411: ->set_time_zone(gettimezone($timezone));
1.58 lueken 412:
1.59 droeschl 413: # TimeZone tries to determine the 'local' timezone from $ENV{TZ} if this
414: # fails it searches through various system files. Under certain
415: # circumstances this is an extremly expensive operation.
416: # So after the first run we store the timezone in $ENV{TZ} to significantly
417: # speed up future lookups.
418: $ENV{TZ} = $dt->time_zone()->name()
419: if (! $ENV{TZ} && gettimezone($timezone) eq 'local');
1.58 lueken 420:
1.18 www 421: if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) {
1.42 albertel 422:
423: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 424: } else {
425: my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale');
426: if ($format eq 'date_locale') {
1.42 albertel 427: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 428: }
1.42 albertel 429: my $time_zone = $dt->time_zone_short_name();
430: my $seconds = $dt->second();
431: my $minutes = $dt->minute();
432: my $twentyfour = $dt->hour();
433: my $day = $dt->day_of_month();
434: my $mon = $dt->month()-1;
435: my $year = $dt->year();
1.43 www 436: my $wday = $dt->wday();
437: if ($wday==7) { $wday=0; }
1.42 albertel 438: my $month =(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon];
1.18 www 439: my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday];
440: if ($seconds<10) {
441: $seconds='0'.$seconds;
442: }
443: if ($minutes<10) {
444: $minutes='0'.$minutes;
445: }
446: my $twelve=$twentyfour;
1.19 www 447: my $ampm;
1.18 www 448: if ($twelve>12) {
449: $twelve-=12;
1.19 www 450: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm');
1.18 www 451: } else {
1.19 www 452: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am');
1.18 www 453: }
1.42 albertel 454: foreach ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year',
455: 'month','weekday','ampm') {
1.18 www 456: $format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse;
457: }
1.42 albertel 458: return $format." ($time_zone)";
1.18 www 459: }
1.1 www 460: }
461:
1.49 raeburn 462: sub getdatelocale {
463: my ($datelocale,$locale_obj);
464: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'}) {
465: $datelocale = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'};
466: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'} ne '') {
467: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
468: if ($cdom ne '') {
469: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
470: if ($domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
471: $datelocale = $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
472: }
473: }
474: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
475: my %udomdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
476: if ($udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
477: $datelocale = $udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
478: }
479: }
480: if ($datelocale ne '') {
481: eval {
482: $locale_obj = DateTime::Locale->load($datelocale);
483: };
484: if (!$@) {
485: if ($locale_obj->id() eq $datelocale) {
486: return $locale_obj;
487: }
488: }
489: }
490: return $locale_obj;
491: }
492:
1.51 jms 493: =pod
494:
495: =item * normalize_string
496:
497: Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files)
1.49 raeburn 498:
1.51 jms 499: This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of
500: huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful
501: formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space,
502: and remove all HTML
503:
504: =cut
1.17 bowersj2 505:
506: sub normalize_string {
507: my $s = shift;
508: $s =~ s/\s+/ /g;
509: $s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g;
1.22 bowersj2 510: # Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good
511: $s =~ s/^\s+//;
512: $s =~ s/\s+$//;
1.17 bowersj2 513: return $s;
514: }
1.22 bowersj2 515:
1.51 jms 516: =pod
517:
518: =item * ns
519:
520: alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon
521:
522: =cut
523:
1.22 bowersj2 524: sub ns {
525: return normalize_string(@_);
526: }
527:
1.51 jms 528: =pod
529:
530: =item * mtn
531:
532: mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily.
533: Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation
534:
535: =cut
536:
1.22 bowersj2 537: sub mtn (@) {
538: my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we
539: # didn't care about that we could set $_[0]
540: # directly
541: $args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]);
542: my $translation = &mt(@args);
543: if ($translation ne $args[0]) {
544: return $translation;
545: } else {
546: return $_[0];
547: }
1.27 www 548: }
549:
550: # ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files
551:
552: sub transstatic {
553: my $strptr=shift;
554: $$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse;
555: }
556:
1.41 albertel 557: =pod
558:
559: =item * mt_escape
560:
561: mt_escape takes a string reference and escape the [] in there so mt
562: will leave them as is and not try to expand them
563:
564: =cut
565:
566: sub mt_escape {
567: my ($str_ref) = @_;
568: $$str_ref =~s/~/~~/g;
569: $$str_ref =~s/([\[\]])/~$1/g;
570: }
571:
1.1 www 572: 1;
573:
574: __END__
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