1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # Localization routines
3: #
4: # $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.60.2.1 2009/10/02 16:59:29 raeburn Exp $
5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: ######################################################################
29: ######################################################################
30:
31: =pod
32:
33: =head1 NAME
34:
35: Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services
36:
37: =head1 SYNOPSIS
38:
39: lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based
40: on Locale::Maketext. See
41: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
42: for more information on Maketext.
43:
44: =head1 OVERVIEWX<internationalization>
45:
46: As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the
47: Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work
48: right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves
49: little or no programming.
50:
51: The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around
52: on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys,
53: which the MaketextX<Maketext> library translates into the desired
54: language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X<lexicon>
55:
56: As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and
57: Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no
58: translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the
59: internationalization without disturbing the screen output.
60:
61: Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible
62: for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create
63: translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one
64: area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a
65: programmer, and we'd really appreciate it.
66:
67: =head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers
68:
69: Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert
70:
71: use Apache::lonlocal;
72:
73: Note that there are B<no parentheses>, we B<want> to pollute our
74: namespace.
75:
76: Inside might be something like this
77:
78: sub message {
79: my $status=shift;
80: my $message='Status unknown';
81: if ($status eq 'WON') {
82: $message='You have won.';
83: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
84: $message='You are a total looser.';
85: }
86: return $message;
87: }
88: ...
89: $r->print('<h3>Gamble your Homework Points</h3>');
90: ...
91: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
92: <font size="1">Rules:</font>
93: <font size="0">No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.</font>
94: ENDMSG
95:
96: We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X<mt> ("maketext") around our
97: messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance.
98: The first two examples are easy:
99:
100: sub message {
101: my $status=shift;
102: my $message='Status unknown';
103: if ($status eq 'WON') {
104: $message='You have won.';
105: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
106: $message='You are a total looser.';
107: }
108: return &mt($message);
109: }
110: ...
111: $r->print('<h3>'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'</h3>');
112:
113: The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of
114: (<<MARKER). I have written a little subroutine to generate a translated
115: hash for that purpose:
116:
117: my %lt=&Apache::lonlocal::texthash('header' => 'Rules', 'disclaimer' =>
118: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.');
119: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
120: <font size="1">$lt{'header'}:</font>
121: <font size="0">$lt{'disclaimer'}</font>
122: ENDMSG
123:
124: As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you
125: should see no changes on the screen.
126:
127: =head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators
128:
129: As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in
130: this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in
131: loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for
132: example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks
133: like this:
134:
135: 'You have won.'
136: => 'Sie haben gewonnen.',
137:
138: 'You are a total looser.'
139: => 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.',
140:
141: 'Rules'
142: => 'Regeln',
143:
144: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'
145: => 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.'
146:
147:
148: Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string
149: (the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the
150: keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to
151: ignore the rest of the line.
152:
153: This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated.
154:
155: Maketext can do a whole lot more, see
156: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
157: but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that.
158:
159: =cut
160:
161: package Apache::lonlocal;
162:
163: use strict;
164: use Apache::localize;
165: use locale;
166: use POSIX qw(locale_h strftime);
167: use DateTime();
168: use DateTime::TimeZone;
169: use DateTime::Locale;
170:
171: require Exporter;
172:
173: our @ISA = qw (Exporter);
174: our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns mt_user);
175:
176: my %mtcache=();
177:
178: # ========================================================= The language handle
179:
180: use vars qw($lh $current_language);
181:
182: # ===================================================== The "MakeText" function
183:
184: sub mt (@) {
185: # open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt');
186: # print LOG (@_[0]."\n");
187: # close(LOG);
188: if ($lh) {
189: if ($_[0] eq '') {
190: if (wantarray) {
191: return @_;
192: } else {
193: return $_[0];
194: }
195: } else {
196: if ($#_>0) { return $lh->maketext(@_); }
197: if ($mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}) {
198: return $mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]};
199: }
200: my $translation=$lh->maketext(@_);
201: $mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}=$translation;
202: return $translation;
203: }
204: } else {
205: if (wantarray) {
206: return @_;
207: } else {
208: return $_[0];
209: }
210: }
211: }
212:
213: sub mt_user {
214: my ($user_lh,@what) = @_;
215: if ($user_lh) {
216: if ($what[0] eq '') {
217: if (wantarray) {
218: return @what;
219: } else {
220: return $what[0];
221: }
222: } else {
223: return $user_lh->maketext(@what);
224: }
225: } else {
226: if (wantarray) {
227: return @what;
228: } else {
229: return $what[0];
230: }
231: }
232: }
233:
234: # ============================================================== What language?
235:
236: sub current_language {
237: if ($lh) {
238: my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code');
239: return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang);
240: }
241: return 'en';
242: }
243:
244: sub preferred_languages {
245: my $defdom = &Apache::lonnet::default_login_domain();
246: foreach my $domtype ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'},$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'},$defdom) {
247: next if ($domtype eq '');
248: if ($domtype eq 'gci') {
249: return ('gci');
250: } elsif ($domtype eq 'gcitest') {
251: return ('gct');
252: } else {
253: return ('gci');
254: }
255: }
256: my @languages=();
257: if (($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.adv'}) && ($Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'})) {
258: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'}));
259: }
260: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) {
261: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,
262: $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}));
263: }
264:
265: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}) {
266: @languages=(@languages,
267: split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}));
268: }
269: my $browser=$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'};
270: if ($browser) {
271: my @browser =
272: map { (split(/\s*;\s*/,$_))[0] } (split(/\s*,\s*/,$browser));
273: push(@languages,@browser);
274: }
275:
276: foreach my $domtype ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'},$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'},$defdom) {
277: if ($domtype ne '') {
278: my %domdefs = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($domtype);
279: if ($domdefs{'lang_def'} ne '') {
280: push(@languages,$domdefs{'lang_def'});
281: }
282: }
283: }
284: return &get_genlanguages(@languages);
285: }
286:
287: sub get_genlanguages {
288: my (@languages) = @_;
289: # turn "en-ca" into "en-ca,en"
290: my @genlanguages;
291: foreach my $lang (@languages) {
292: unless ($lang=~/\w/) { next; }
293: push(@genlanguages,$lang);
294: if ($lang=~/(\-|\_)/) {
295: push(@genlanguages,(split(/(\-|\_)/,$lang))[0]);
296: }
297: }
298: #uniqueify the languages list
299: my %count;
300: @genlanguages = map { $count{$_}++ == 0 ? $_ : () } @genlanguages;
301: return @genlanguages;
302: }
303:
304: # ============================================================== What encoding?
305:
306: sub current_encoding {
307: my $default='UTF-8';
308: # UTF-8 character encoding needed for the whole LON-CAPA system
309: # (interface language and homework problem content)
310: # See Bugzilla 5702 vs. 2189 and 4067
311: # if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' &&
312: # $Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') {
313: # $default='ISO-8859-1';
314: # }
315: if ($lh) {
316: my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding');
317: return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc);
318: } else {
319: return $default;
320: }
321: }
322:
323: # =============================================================== Which locale?
324: # Refer to locale -a
325: #
326: sub current_locale {
327: if ($lh) {
328: my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale');
329: return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc);
330: } else {
331: return undef;
332: }
333: }
334:
335: # ============================================================== Translate hash
336:
337: sub texthash {
338: my %hash=@_;
339: foreach (keys %hash) {
340: $hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_});
341: }
342: return %hash;
343: }
344:
345: # ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers)
346:
347: sub get_language_handle {
348: my $r=shift;
349: if ($r) {
350: my $headers=$r->headers_in;
351: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'};
352: }
353: my @languages=&preferred_languages();
354: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}='';
355: $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages);
356: $current_language=¤t_language();
357: if ($r) {
358: $r->content_languages([¤t_language()]);
359: }
360: ### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale);
361: }
362:
363: # ========================================================== Localize localtime
364: sub gettimezone {
365: my ($timezone) = @_;
366: if ($timezone ne '') {
367: if (!DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
368: $timezone = 'local';
369: }
370: return $timezone;
371: }
372: my $cid = $Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'};
373: if ($cid ne '') {
374: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}) {
375: $timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'};
376: } else {
377: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
378: if ($cdom ne '') {
379: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
380: if ($domdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
381: $timezone = $domdefaults{'timezone_def'};
382: }
383: }
384: }
385: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'} ne '') {
386: my %uroledomdefs =
387: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'});
388: if ($uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
389: $timezone = $uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'};
390: }
391: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
392: my %udomdefaults =
393: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
394: if ($udomdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
395: $timezone = $udomdefaults{'timezone_def'};
396: }
397: }
398: if ($timezone ne '') {
399: if (DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
400: return $timezone;
401: }
402: }
403: return 'local';
404: }
405:
406: sub locallocaltime {
407: my ($thistime,$timezone) = @_;
408:
409: if (!defined($thistime) || $thistime eq '') {
410: return &mt('Never');
411: }
412: if (($thistime < 0) || ($thistime eq 'NaN')) {
413: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected time (negative or NaN) '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
414: return &mt('Never');
415: }
416: if ($thistime !~ /^\d+$/) {
417: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected non-numeric time '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
418: return &mt('Never');
419: }
420:
421: my $dt = DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $thistime)
422: ->set_time_zone(gettimezone($timezone));
423:
424: # TimeZone tries to determine the 'local' timezone from $ENV{TZ} if this
425: # fails it searches through various system files. Under certain
426: # circumstances this is an extremly expensive operation.
427: # So after the first run we store the timezone in $ENV{TZ} to significantly
428: # speed up future lookups.
429: $ENV{TZ} = $dt->time_zone()->name()
430: if (! $ENV{TZ} && gettimezone($timezone) eq 'local');
431:
432: if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) {
433:
434: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
435: } else {
436: my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale');
437: if ($format eq 'date_locale') {
438: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
439: }
440: my $time_zone = $dt->time_zone_short_name();
441: my $seconds = $dt->second();
442: my $minutes = $dt->minute();
443: my $twentyfour = $dt->hour();
444: my $day = $dt->day_of_month();
445: my $mon = $dt->month()-1;
446: my $year = $dt->year();
447: my $wday = $dt->wday();
448: if ($wday==7) { $wday=0; }
449: my $month =(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon];
450: my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday];
451: if ($seconds<10) {
452: $seconds='0'.$seconds;
453: }
454: if ($minutes<10) {
455: $minutes='0'.$minutes;
456: }
457: my $twelve=$twentyfour;
458: my $ampm;
459: if ($twelve>12) {
460: $twelve-=12;
461: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm');
462: } else {
463: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am');
464: }
465: foreach ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year',
466: 'month','weekday','ampm') {
467: $format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse;
468: }
469: return $format." ($time_zone)";
470: }
471: }
472:
473: sub getdatelocale {
474: my ($datelocale,$locale_obj);
475: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'}) {
476: $datelocale = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'};
477: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'} ne '') {
478: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
479: if ($cdom ne '') {
480: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
481: if ($domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
482: $datelocale = $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
483: }
484: }
485: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
486: my %udomdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
487: if ($udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
488: $datelocale = $udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
489: }
490: }
491: if ($datelocale ne '') {
492: eval {
493: $locale_obj = DateTime::Locale->load($datelocale);
494: };
495: if (!$@) {
496: if ($locale_obj->id() eq $datelocale) {
497: return $locale_obj;
498: }
499: }
500: }
501: return $locale_obj;
502: }
503:
504: =pod
505:
506: =item * normalize_string
507:
508: Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files)
509:
510: This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of
511: huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful
512: formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space,
513: and remove all HTML
514:
515: =cut
516:
517: sub normalize_string {
518: my $s = shift;
519: $s =~ s/\s+/ /g;
520: $s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g;
521: # Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good
522: $s =~ s/^\s+//;
523: $s =~ s/\s+$//;
524: return $s;
525: }
526:
527: =pod
528:
529: =item * ns
530:
531: alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon
532:
533: =cut
534:
535: sub ns {
536: return normalize_string(@_);
537: }
538:
539: =pod
540:
541: =item * mtn
542:
543: mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily.
544: Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation
545:
546: =cut
547:
548: sub mtn (@) {
549: my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we
550: # didn't care about that we could set $_[0]
551: # directly
552: $args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]);
553: my $translation = &mt(@args);
554: if ($translation ne $args[0]) {
555: return $translation;
556: } else {
557: return $_[0];
558: }
559: }
560:
561: # ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files
562:
563: sub transstatic {
564: my $strptr=shift;
565: $$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse;
566: }
567:
568: =pod
569:
570: =item * mt_escape
571:
572: mt_escape takes a string reference and escape the [] in there so mt
573: will leave them as is and not try to expand them
574:
575: =cut
576:
577: sub mt_escape {
578: my ($str_ref) = @_;
579: $$str_ref =~s/~/~~/g;
580: $$str_ref =~s/([\[\]])/~$1/g;
581: }
582:
583: 1;
584:
585: __END__
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