File:  [LON-CAPA] / loncom / lonnet / perl / lonnet.pm
Revision 1.1525: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Sun Apr 14 17:12:29 2024 UTC (2 weeks, 5 days ago) by raeburn
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD
- Available editors in Course Authoring Space, or when editing an html file
  created in a course folder using the Course Editor is a domain default,
  which can be overridden in specific course(s) by a Domain Coordinator.

# The LearningOnline Network
# TCP networking package
#
# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1525 2024/04/14 17:12:29 raeburn Exp $
#
# Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
#
# This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
#
# LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
#
# /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
#
# http://www.lon-capa.org/
#
###

=pod

=head1 NAME

Apache::lonnet.pm

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This file is an interface to the lonc processes of
the LON-CAPA network as well as set of elaborated functions for handling information
necessary for navigating through a given cluster of LON-CAPA machines within a
domain. There are over 40 specialized functions in this module which handle the
reading and transmission of metadata, user information (ids, names, environments, roles,
logs), file information (storage, reading, directories, extensions, replication, embedded
styles and descriptors), educational resources (course descriptions, section names and
numbers), url hashing (to assign roles on a url basis), and translating abbreviated symbols to
and from more descriptive phrases or explanations.

This is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA project
described at http://www.lon-capa.org.

=head1 Package Variables

These are largely undocumented, so if you decipher one please note it here.

=over 4

=item $processmarker

Contains the time this process was started and this servers host id.

=item $dumpcount

Counts the number of times a message log flush has been attempted (regardless
of success) by this process.  Used as part of the filename when messages are
delayed.

=back

=cut

package Apache::lonnet;

use strict;
use HTTP::Date;
use Image::Magick;
use CGI::Cookie;

use Encode;

use vars qw(%perlvar %spareid %pr %prp $memcache %packagetab $tmpdir $deftex
            $_64bit %env %protocol %loncaparevs %serverhomeIDs %needsrelease
            %managerstab $passwdmin);

my (%badServerCache, $memcache, %courselogs, %accesshash, %domainrolehash,
    %userrolehash, $processmarker, $dumpcount, %coursedombuf,
    %coursenumbuf, %coursehombuf, %coursedescrbuf, %courseinstcodebuf,
    %courseownerbuf, %coursetypebuf,$locknum);

use IO::Socket;
use GDBM_File;
use HTML::LCParser;
use Fcntl qw(:flock);
use Storable qw(thaw nfreeze);
use Time::HiRes qw( sleep gettimeofday tv_interval );
use Cache::Memcached;
use Digest::MD5;
use Math::Random;
use File::MMagic;
use Net::CIDR;
use Sys::Hostname::FQDN();
use LONCAPA qw(:DEFAULT :match);
use LONCAPA::Configuration;
use LONCAPA::lonmetadata;
use LONCAPA::Lond;
use LONCAPA::LWPReq;
use LONCAPA::transliterate;

use File::Copy;

my $readit;
my $max_connection_retries = 20;     # Or some such value.

require Exporter;

our @ISA = qw (Exporter);
our @EXPORT = qw(%env);


# ------------------------------------ Logging (parameters, docs, slots, roles)
{
    my $logid;
    sub write_log {
	my ($context,$hash_name,$storehash,$delflag,$uname,$udom,$cnum,$cdom)=@_;
        if ($context eq 'course') {
            if (($cnum eq '') || ($cdom eq '')) {
                $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
                $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
            }
        }
	$logid ++;
        my $now = time();
	my $id=$now.'00000'.$$.'00000'.$logid;
        my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
        my $logentry = { 
                          $id => {
                                   'exe_uname' => $env{'user.name'},
                                   'exe_udom'  => $env{'user.domain'},
                                   'exe_time'  => $now,
                                   'exe_ip'    => $ip,
                                   'delflag'   => $delflag,
                                   'logentry'  => $storehash,
                                   'uname'     => $uname,
                                   'udom'      => $udom,
                                  }
                       };
	return &put('nohist_'.$hash_name,$logentry,$cdom,$cnum);
    }
}

sub logtouch {
    my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
    unless (-e "$execdir/logs/lonnet.log") {	
	open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.log");
	close $fh;
    }
    my ($wwwuid,$wwwgid)=(getpwnam('www'))[2,3];
    chown($wwwuid,$wwwgid,$execdir.'/logs/lonnet.log');
}

sub logthis {
    my $message=shift;
    my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
    my $now=time;
    my $local=localtime($now);
    if (open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.log")) {
	my $logstring = $local. " ($$): ".$message."\n"; # Keep any \'s in string.
	print $fh $logstring;
	close($fh);
    }
    return 1;
}

sub logperm {
    my $message=shift;
    my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
    my $now=time;
    my $local=localtime($now);
    if (open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.perm.log")) {
	print $fh "$now:$message:$local\n";
	close($fh);
    }
    return 1;
}

sub create_connection {
    my ($hostname,$lonid) = @_;
    my $client=IO::Socket::UNIX->new(Peer    => $perlvar{'lonSockCreate'},
				     Type    => SOCK_STREAM,
				     Timeout => 10);
    return 0 if (!$client);
    print $client (join(':',$hostname,$lonid,&machine_ids($hostname),$loncaparevs{$lonid})."\n");
    my $result = <$client>;
    chomp($result);
    return 1 if ($result eq 'done');
    return 0;
}

sub get_server_timezone {
    my ($cnum,$cdom) = @_;
    my $home=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    if ($home ne 'no_host') {
        my $cachetime = 24*3600;
        my ($timezone,$cached)=&is_cached_new('servertimezone',$home);
        if (defined($cached)) {
            return $timezone;
        } else {
            my $timezone = &reply('servertimezone',$home);
            return &do_cache_new('servertimezone',$home,$timezone,$cachetime);
        }
    }
}

sub get_server_distarch {
    my ($lonhost,$ignore_cache) = @_;
    if (defined($lonhost)) {
        if (!defined(&hostname($lonhost))) {
            return;
        }
        my $cachetime = 12*3600;
        if (!$ignore_cache) {
            my ($distarch,$cached)=&is_cached_new('serverdistarch',$lonhost);
            if (defined($cached)) {
                return $distarch;
            }
        }
        my $rep = &reply('serverdistarch',$lonhost);
        unless ($rep eq 'unknown_command' || $rep eq 'no_such_host' ||
                $rep eq 'con_lost' || $rep eq 'rejected' || $rep eq 'refused' ||
                $rep eq '') {
            return &do_cache_new('serverdistarch',$lonhost,$rep,$cachetime);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub get_servercerts_info {
    my ($lonhost,$hostname,$context) = @_;
    return if ($lonhost eq '');
    if ($hostname eq '') {
        $hostname = &hostname($lonhost);
    }
    return if ($hostname eq '');
    my ($rep,$uselocal);
    if ($context eq 'install') {
        $uselocal = 1;
    } elsif (grep { $_ eq $lonhost } &current_machine_ids()) {
        $uselocal = 1;
    }
    if (($context ne 'cgi') && ($context ne 'install') && ($uselocal)) {
        my $distro = (split(/\:/,&get_server_distarch($lonhost)))[0];
        if ($distro eq '') {
            $uselocal = 0;
        } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|redhat|scientific)(\d+)$/) {
            if ($1 < 6) {
                $uselocal = 0;
            }
        }  elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:sles)(\d+)$/) {
            if ($1 < 12) {
                $uselocal = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    if ($uselocal) {
        $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::server_certs(\%perlvar,$lonhost,$hostname);
    } else {
        $rep=&reply('servercerts',$lonhost);
    }
    my ($result,%returnhash);
    if (($rep=~/^(refused|rejected|error)/) || ($rep eq 'con_lost') ||
        ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd')) {
        $result = $rep;
    } else {
        $result = 'ok';
        my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
        foreach my $item (@pairs) {
            my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
            my $what = &unescape($key);
            $returnhash{$what}=&thaw_unescape($value);
        }
    }
    return ($result,\%returnhash);
}

sub get_server_loncaparev {
    my ($dom,$lonhost,$ignore_cache,$caller) = @_;
    if (defined($lonhost)) {
        if (!defined(&hostname($lonhost))) {
            undef($lonhost);
        }
    }
    if (!defined($lonhost)) {
        if (defined(&domain($dom,'primary'))) {
            $lonhost=&domain($dom,'primary');
            if ($lonhost eq 'no_host') {
                undef($lonhost);
            }
        }
    }
    if (defined($lonhost)) {
        my $cachetime = 12*3600;
        if (!$ignore_cache) {
            my ($loncaparev,$cached)=&is_cached_new('serverloncaparev',$lonhost);
            if (defined($cached)) {
                return $loncaparev;
            }
        }
        my ($answer,$loncaparev);
        my @ids=&current_machine_ids();
        if (grep(/^\Q$lonhost\E$/,@ids)) {
            $answer = $perlvar{'lonVersion'};
            if ($answer =~ /^[\'\"]?([\w.\-]+)[\'\"]?$/) {
                $loncaparev = $1;
            }
        } else {
            $answer = &reply('serverloncaparev',$lonhost);
            if (($answer eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($answer eq 'con_lost')) {
                if ($caller eq 'loncron') {
                    my $hostname = &hostname($lonhost);
                    my $protocol = $protocol{$lonhost};
                    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
                    my $url = $protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/adm/about.html';
                    my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
                    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar,4,1);
                    unless ($response->is_error()) {
                        my $content = $response->content;
                        if ($content =~ /<p>VERSION\:\s*([\w.\-]+)<\/p>/) {
                            $loncaparev = $1;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $loncaparev = $loncaparevs{$lonhost};
                }
            } elsif ($answer =~ /^[\'\"]?([\w.\-]+)[\'\"]?$/) {
                $loncaparev = $1;
            }
        }
        return &do_cache_new('serverloncaparev',$lonhost,$loncaparev,$cachetime);
    }
}

sub get_server_homeID {
    my ($hostname,$ignore_cache,$caller) = @_;
    unless ($ignore_cache) {
        my ($serverhomeID,$cached)=&is_cached_new('serverhomeID',$hostname);
        if (defined($cached)) {
            return $serverhomeID;
        }
    }
    my $cachetime = 12*3600;
    my $serverhomeID;
    if ($caller eq 'loncron') { 
        my @machine_ids = &machine_ids($hostname);
        foreach my $id (@machine_ids) {
            my $response = &reply('serverhomeID',$id);
            unless (($response eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($response eq 'con_lost')) {
                $serverhomeID = $response;
                last;
            }
        }
        if ($serverhomeID eq '') {
            $serverhomeID = $machine_ids[-1];
        }
    } else {
        $serverhomeID = $serverhomeIDs{$hostname};
    }
    return &do_cache_new('serverhomeID',$hostname,$serverhomeID,$cachetime);
}

sub get_remote_globals {
    my ($lonhost,$whathash,$ignore_cache) = @_;
    my ($result,%returnhash,%whatneeded);
    if (ref($whathash) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $what (sort(keys(%{$whathash}))) {
            my $hashid = $lonhost.'-'.$what;
            my ($response,$cached);
            unless ($ignore_cache) {
                ($response,$cached)=&is_cached_new('lonnetglobal',$hashid);
            }
            if (defined($cached)) {
                $returnhash{$what} = $response;
            } else {
                $whatneeded{$what} = 1;
            }
        }
        if (keys(%whatneeded) == 0) {
            $result = 'ok';
        } else {
            my $requested = &freeze_escape(\%whatneeded);
            my $rep=&reply('readlonnetglobal:'.$requested,$lonhost);
            if (($rep=~/^(refused|rejected|error)/) || ($rep eq 'con_lost') ||
                ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd')) {
                $result = $rep;
            } else {
                $result = 'ok';
                my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
                foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                    my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
                    my $what = &unescape($key);
                    my $hashid = $lonhost.'-'.$what;
                    $returnhash{$what}=&thaw_unescape($value);
                    &do_cache_new('lonnetglobal',$hashid,$returnhash{$what},600);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($result,\%returnhash);
}

sub remote_devalidate_cache {
    my ($lonhost,$cachekeys) = @_;
    my $items;
    return unless (ref($cachekeys) eq 'ARRAY');
    my $cachestr = join('&',@{$cachekeys});
    my $response = &reply('devalidatecache:'.&escape($cachestr),$lonhost);
    return $response;
}

sub sign_lti {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$crsdef,$type,$context,$url,$ltinum,$keynum,$paramsref,$inforef) = @_;
    my $chome;
    if (&domain($cdom) ne '') {
        if ($crsdef) {
            $chome = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        } else {
            $chome = &domain($cdom,'primary');
        }
    }
    if ($cdom && $chome && ($chome ne 'no_host')) {
        if ((ref($paramsref) eq 'HASH') &&
            (ref($inforef) eq 'HASH')) {
            my $rep;
            if (grep { $_ eq $chome } &current_machine_ids()) {
                # domain information is hosted on this machine
                $rep =
                    &LONCAPA::Lond::sign_lti_payload($cdom,$cnum,$crsdef,$type,
                                                     $context,$url,$ltinum,$keynum,
                                                     $perlvar{'lonVersion'},
                                                     $paramsref,$inforef);
                if (ref($rep) eq 'HASH') {
                    return ('ok',$rep);
                }
            } else {
                my ($escurl,$params,$info);
                $escurl = &escape($url);
                if (ref($paramsref) eq 'HASH') {
                    $params = &freeze_escape($paramsref);
                }
                if (ref($inforef) eq 'HASH') {
                    $info = &freeze_escape($inforef);
                }
                $rep=&reply("encrypt:signlti:$cdom:$cnum:$crsdef:$type:$context:$escurl:$ltinum:$keynum:$params:$info",$chome);
            }
            if (($rep eq '') || ($rep =~ /^con_lost|error|no_such_host|unknown_cmd/i)) {
                return ();
            } elsif (($inforef->{'respfmt'} eq 'to_post_body') ||
                     ($inforef->{'respfmt'} eq 'to_authorization_header')) {
                return ('ok',$rep);
            } else {
                my %returnhash;
                foreach my $item (split(/\&/,$rep)) {
                    my ($name,$value)=split(/\=/,$item);
                    $returnhash{&unescape($name)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
                }
                return('ok',\%returnhash);
            }
        } else {
            return ();
        }
    } else {
        return ();
        &logthis("sign_lti failed - no homeserver and/or domain ($cdom) ($chome)");
    }
}

# -------------------------------------------------- Non-critical communication
sub subreply {
    my ($cmd,$server)=@_;
    my $peerfile="$perlvar{'lonSockDir'}/".&hostname($server);
    #
    #  With loncnew process trimming, there's a timing hole between lonc server
    #  process exit and the master server picking up the listen on the AF_UNIX
    #  socket.  In that time interval, a lock file will exist:

    my $lockfile=$peerfile.".lock";
    while (-e $lockfile) {	# Need to wait for the lockfile to disappear.
	sleep(0.1);
    }
    # At this point, either a loncnew parent is listening or an old lonc
    # or loncnew child is listening so we can connect or everything's dead.
    #
    #   We'll give the connection a few tries before abandoning it.  If
    #   connection is not possible, we'll con_lost back to the client.
    #   
    my $client;
    for (my $retries = 0; $retries < $max_connection_retries; $retries++) {
	$client=IO::Socket::UNIX->new(Peer    =>"$peerfile",
				      Type    => SOCK_STREAM,
				      Timeout => 10);
	if ($client) {
	    last;		# Connected!
	} else {
	    &create_connection(&hostname($server),$server);
	}
        sleep(0.1);	# Try again later if failed connection.
    }
    my $answer;
    if ($client) {
	print $client "sethost:$server:$cmd\n";
	$answer=<$client>;
	if (!$answer) { $answer="con_lost"; }
	chomp($answer);
    } else {
	$answer = 'con_lost';	# Failed connection.
    }
    return $answer;
}

sub reply {
    my ($cmd,$server)=@_;
    unless (defined(&hostname($server))) { return 'no_such_host'; }
    my $answer=subreply($cmd,$server);
    if (($answer=~/^refused/) || ($answer=~/^rejected/)) {
        my $logged = $cmd;
        if ($cmd =~ /^encrypt:([^:]+):/) {
            my $subcmd = $1;
            if (($subcmd eq 'auth') || ($subcmd eq 'passwd') ||
                ($subcmd eq 'changeuserauth') || ($subcmd eq 'makeuser') ||
                ($subcmd eq 'putdom') || ($subcmd eq 'autoexportgrades') ||
                ($subcmd eq 'put')) {
                (undef,undef,my @rest) = split(/:/,$cmd);
                if (($subcmd eq 'auth') || ($subcmd eq 'putdom')) {
                    splice(@rest,2,1,'Hidden');
                } elsif ($subcmd eq 'passwd') {
                    splice(@rest,2,2,('Hidden','Hidden'));
                } elsif (($subcmd eq 'changeuserauth') || ($subcmd eq 'makeuser') ||
                         ($subcmd eq 'autoexportgrades') || ($subcmd eq 'put')) {
                    splice(@rest,3,1,'Hidden');
                }
                $logged = join(':',('encrypt:'.$subcmd,@rest));
            }
        }
        &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
                 " $logged to $server returned $answer</font>");
    }
    return $answer;
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------- Send USR1 to lonc

sub reconlonc {
    my ($lonid) = @_;
    if ($lonid) {
        my $hostname = &hostname($lonid);
	my $peerfile="$perlvar{'lonSockDir'}/$hostname";
	if ($hostname && -e $peerfile) {
	    &logthis("Trying to reconnect lonc for $lonid ($hostname)");
	    my $client=IO::Socket::UNIX->new(Peer    => $peerfile,
					     Type    => SOCK_STREAM,
					     Timeout => 10);
	    if ($client) {
		print $client ("reset_retries\n");
		my $answer=<$client>;
		#reset just this one.
	    }
	}
	return;
    }

    &logthis("Trying to reconnect lonc");
    my $loncfile="$perlvar{'lonDaemons'}/logs/lonc.pid";
    if (open(my $fh,"<",$loncfile)) {
	my $loncpid=<$fh>;
        chomp($loncpid);
        if (kill 0 => $loncpid) {
	    &logthis("lonc at pid $loncpid responding, sending USR1");
            kill USR1 => $loncpid;
            sleep 1;
        } else {
	    &logthis(
               "<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
               " lonc at pid $loncpid not responding, giving up</font>");
        }
    } else {
	&logthis('<font color="blue">WARNING: lonc not running, giving up</font>');
    }
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ Critical communication

sub critical {
    my ($cmd,$server)=@_;
    unless (&hostname($server)) {
        &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
               " Critical message to unknown server ($server)</font>");
        return 'no_such_host';
    }
    my $answer=reply($cmd,$server);
    if ($answer eq 'con_lost') {
	&reconlonc($server);
	my $answer=reply($cmd,$server);
        if ($answer eq 'con_lost') {
            my $now=time;
            my $middlename=$cmd;
            $middlename=substr($middlename,0,16);
            $middlename=~s/\W//g;
            my $dfilename=
      "$perlvar{'lonSockDir'}/delayed/$now.$dumpcount.$$.$middlename.$server";
            $dumpcount++;
            {
		my $dfh;
		if (open($dfh,">",$dfilename)) {
		    print $dfh "$cmd\n"; 
		    close($dfh);
		}
            }
            sleep 1;
            my $wcmd='';
            {
		my $dfh;
		if (open($dfh,"<",$dfilename)) {
		    $wcmd=<$dfh>; 
		    close($dfh);
		}
            }
            chomp($wcmd);
            if ($wcmd eq $cmd) {
		&logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING: ".
                         "Connection buffer $dfilename: $cmd</font>");
                &logperm("D:$server:$cmd");
	        return 'con_delayed';
            } else {
                &logthis("<font color=\"red\">CRITICAL:"
                        ." Critical connection failed: $server $cmd</font>");
                &logperm("F:$server:$cmd");
                return 'con_failed';
            }
        }
    }
    return $answer;
}

# ------------------------------------------- check if return value is an error

sub error {
    my ($result) = @_;
    if ($result =~ /^(con_lost|no_such_host|error: (\d+) (.*))/) {
	if ($2 == 2) { return undef; }
	return $1;
    }
    return undef;
}

sub convert_and_load_session_env {
    my ($lonidsdir,$handle)=@_;
    my @profile;
    {
	my $opened = open(my $idf,'+<',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
	if (!$opened) {
	    return 0;
	}
	flock($idf,LOCK_SH);
	@profile=<$idf>;
	close($idf);
    }
    my %temp_env;
    foreach my $line (@profile) {
	if ($line !~ m/=/) {
	    return 0;
	}
	chomp($line);
	my ($envname,$envvalue)=split(/=/,$line,2);
	$temp_env{&unescape($envname)} = &unescape($envvalue);
    }
    unlink("$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
    if (tie(my %disk_env,'GDBM_File',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id",&GDBM_WRCREAT(),
	    0640)) {
	%disk_env = %temp_env;
	@env{keys(%temp_env)} = @disk_env{keys(%temp_env)};
	untie(%disk_env);
    }
    return 1;
}

# ------------------------------------------- Transfer profile into environment
my $env_loaded;
sub transfer_profile_to_env {
    my ($lonidsdir,$handle,$force_transfer) = @_;
    if (!$force_transfer && $env_loaded) { return; } 

    if (!defined($lonidsdir)) {
	$lonidsdir = $perlvar{'lonIDsDir'};
    }
    if (!defined($handle)) {
        ($handle) = ($env{'user.environment'} =~m|/([^/]+)\.id$| );
    }

    my $convert;
    {
    	my $opened = open(my $idf,'+<',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
	if (!$opened) {
	    return;
	}
	flock($idf,LOCK_SH);
	if (tie(my %disk_env,'GDBM_File',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id",
		&GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
	    @env{keys(%disk_env)} = @disk_env{keys(%disk_env)};
	    untie(%disk_env);
	} else {
	    $convert = 1;
	}
    }
    if ($convert) {
	if (!&convert_and_load_session_env($lonidsdir,$handle)) {
	    &logthis("Failed to load session, or convert session.");
	}
    }

    my %remove;
    while ( my $envname = each(%env) ) {
        if (my ($key,$time) = ($envname =~ /^(cgi\.(\d+)_\d+\.)/)) {
            if ($time < time-300) {
                $remove{$key}++;
            }
        }
    }

    $env{'user.environment'} = "$lonidsdir/$handle.id";
    $env_loaded=1;
    foreach my $expired_key (keys(%remove)) {
        &delenv($expired_key);
    }
}

# ---------------------------------------------------- Check for valid session 
sub check_for_valid_session {
    my ($r,$name,$userhashref,$domref) = @_;
    my %cookies=CGI::Cookie->parse($r->header_in('Cookie'));
    my ($lonidsdir,$linkname,$pubname,$secure,$lonid);
    if ($name eq 'lonDAV') {
        $lonidsdir=$r->dir_config('lonDAVsessDir');
    } else {
        $lonidsdir=$r->dir_config('lonIDsDir');
        if ($name eq '') {
            $name = 'lonID';
        }
    }
    if ($name eq 'lonID') {
        $secure = 'lonSID';
        $linkname = 'lonLinkID';
        $pubname = 'lonPubID';
        if (exists($cookies{$secure})) {
            $lonid=$cookies{$secure};
        } elsif (exists($cookies{$name})) {
            $lonid=$cookies{$name};
        } elsif ((exists($cookies{$linkname})) && ($ENV{'SERVER_PORT'} != 443)) {
            $lonid=$cookies{$linkname};
        } elsif (exists($cookies{$pubname})) {
            $lonid=$cookies{$pubname};
        }
    } else {
        $lonid=$cookies{$name};
    }
    return undef if (!$lonid);

    my $handle=&LONCAPA::clean_handle($lonid->value);
    if (-l "$lonidsdir/$handle.id") {
        my $link = readlink("$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
        if ((-e $link) && ($link =~ m{^\Q$lonidsdir\E/(.+)\.id$})) {
            $handle = $1;
        }
    }
    if (!-e "$lonidsdir/$handle.id") {
        if ((ref($domref)) && ($name eq 'lonID') && 
            ($handle =~ /^($match_username)\_\d+\_($match_domain)\_(.+)$/)) {
            my ($possuname,$possudom,$possuhome) = ($1,$2,$3);
            if ((&domain($possudom) ne '') && (&homeserver($possuname,$possudom) eq $possuhome)) {
                $$domref = $possudom;
            }
        }
        return undef;
    }

    my $opened = open(my $idf,'+<',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
    return undef if (!$opened);

    flock($idf,LOCK_SH);
    my %disk_env;
    if (!tie(%disk_env,'GDBM_File',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id",
	    &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
	return undef;	
    }

    if (!defined($disk_env{'user.name'})
	|| !defined($disk_env{'user.domain'})) {
        untie(%disk_env);
	return undef;
    }

    if (ref($userhashref) eq 'HASH') {
        $userhashref->{'name'} = $disk_env{'user.name'};
        $userhashref->{'domain'} = $disk_env{'user.domain'};
        if ($disk_env{'request.role'}) {
            $userhashref->{'role'} = $disk_env{'request.role'};
        }
        $userhashref->{'lti'} = $disk_env{'request.lti.login'};
        if ($userhashref->{'lti'}) {
            $userhashref->{'ltitarget'} = $disk_env{'request.lti.target'};
            $userhashref->{'ltiuri'} = $disk_env{'request.lti.uri'};
        }
    }
    untie(%disk_env);

    return $handle;
}

sub timed_flock {
    my ($file,$lock_type) = @_;
    my $failed=0;
    eval {
	local $SIG{__DIE__}='DEFAULT';
	local $SIG{ALRM}=sub {
	    $failed=1;
	    die("failed lock");
	};
	alarm(13);
	flock($file,$lock_type);
	alarm(0);
    };
    if ($failed) {
	return undef;
    } else {
	return 1;
    }
}

sub get_sessionfile_vars {
    my ($handle,$lonidsdir,$storearr) = @_;
    my %returnhash;
    unless (ref($storearr) eq 'ARRAY') {
        return %returnhash;
    }
    if (-l "$lonidsdir/$handle.id") {
        my $link = readlink("$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
        if ((-e $link) && ($link =~ m{^\Q$lonidsdir\E/(.+)\.id$})) {
            $handle = $1;
        }
    }
    if ((-e "$lonidsdir/$handle.id") &&
        ($handle =~ /^($match_username)\_\d+\_($match_domain)\_(.+)$/)) {
        my ($possuname,$possudom,$possuhome) = ($1,$2,$3);
        if ((&domain($possudom) ne '') && (&homeserver($possuname,$possudom) eq $possuhome)) {
            if (open(my $idf,'+<',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id")) {
                flock($idf,LOCK_SH);
                if (tie(my %disk_env,'GDBM_File',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id",
                        &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
                    foreach my $item (@{$storearr}) {
                        $returnhash{$item} = $disk_env{$item};
                    }
                    untie(%disk_env);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Append Environment

sub appenv {
    my ($newenv,$roles) = @_;
    if (ref($newenv) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $key (keys(%{$newenv})) {
            my $refused = 0;
	    if (($key =~ /^user\.role/) || ($key =~ /^user\.priv/)) {
                $refused = 1;
                if (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    my ($type,$role) = ($key =~ m{^user\.(role|priv)\.(.+?)\./});
                    if (grep(/^\Q$role\E$/,@{$roles})) {
                        $refused = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($refused) {
                &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING: ".
                         "Attempt to modify environment ".$key." to ".$newenv->{$key}
                         .'</font>');
	        delete($newenv->{$key});
            } else {
                $env{$key}=$newenv->{$key};
            }
        }
        my $lonids = $perlvar{'lonIDsDir'};
        if ($env{'user.environment'} =~ m{^\Q$lonids/\E$match_username\_\d+\_$match_domain\_[\w\-.]+\.id$}) {
            my $opened = open(my $env_file,'+<',$env{'user.environment'});
            if ($opened
	        && &timed_flock($env_file,LOCK_EX)
	        &&
	        tie(my %disk_env,'GDBM_File',$env{'user.environment'},
	            (&GDBM_WRITER()|&GDBM_NOLOCK()),0640)) {
	        while (my ($key,$value) = each(%{$newenv})) {
	            $disk_env{$key} = $value;
	        }
	        untie(%disk_env);
            }
        }
    }
    return 'ok';
}
# ----------------------------------------------------- Delete from Environment

sub delenv {
    my ($delthis,$regexp,$roles) = @_;
    if (($delthis=~/^user\.role/) || ($delthis=~/^user\.priv/)) {
        my $refused = 1;
        if (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY') {
            my ($type,$role) = ($delthis =~ /^user\.(role|priv)\.([^.]+)\./);
            if (grep(/^\Q$role\E$/,@{$roles})) {
                $refused = 0;
            }
        }
        if ($refused) {
            &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING: ".
                     "Attempt to delete from environment ".$delthis);
            return 'error';
        }
    }
    my $opened = open(my $env_file,'+<',$env{'user.environment'});
    if ($opened
	&& &timed_flock($env_file,LOCK_EX)
	&&
	tie(my %disk_env,'GDBM_File',$env{'user.environment'},
	    (&GDBM_WRITER()|&GDBM_NOLOCK()),0640)) {
	foreach my $key (keys(%disk_env)) {
	    if ($regexp) {
                if ($key=~/^$delthis/) {
                    delete($env{$key});
                    delete($disk_env{$key});
                } 
            } else {
                if ($key=~/^\Q$delthis\E/) {
		    delete($env{$key});
		    delete($disk_env{$key});
	        }
            }
	}
	untie(%disk_env);
    }
    return 'ok';
}

sub get_env_multiple {
    my ($name) = @_;
    my @values;
    if (defined($env{$name})) {
        # exists is it an array
        if (ref($env{$name})) {
            @values=@{ $env{$name} };
        } else {
            $values[0]=$env{$name};
        }
    }
    return(@values);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------- Locking

sub set_lock {
    my ($text)=@_;
    $locknum++;
    my $id=$$.'-'.$locknum;
    &appenv({'session.locks' => $env{'session.locks'}.','.$id,
             'session.lock.'.$id => $text});
    return $id;
}

sub get_locks {
    my $num=0;
    my %texts=();
    foreach my $lock (split(/\,/,$env{'session.locks'})) {
       if ($lock=~/\w/) {
          $num++;
          $texts{$lock}=$env{'session.lock.'.$lock};
       }
   }
   return ($num,%texts);
}

sub remove_lock {
    my ($id)=@_;
    my $newlocks='';
    foreach my $lock (split(/\,/,$env{'session.locks'})) {
       if (($lock=~/\w/) && ($lock ne $id)) {
          $newlocks.=','.$lock;
       }
    }
    &appenv({'session.locks' => $newlocks});
    &delenv('session.lock.'.$id);
}

sub remove_all_locks {
    my $activelocks=$env{'session.locks'};
    foreach my $lock (split(/\,/,$env{'session.locks'})) {
       if ($lock=~/\w/) {
          &remove_lock($lock);
       }
    }
}


# ------------------------------------------ Find out current server userload
sub userload {
    my $numusers=0;
    {
	opendir(LONIDS,$perlvar{'lonIDsDir'});
	my $filename;
	my $curtime=time;
	while ($filename=readdir(LONIDS)) {
	    next if ($filename eq '.' || $filename eq '..');
	    next if ($filename =~ /publicuser_\d+\.id/);
            next if ($filename =~ /^[a-f0-9]+_linked\.id$/);
	    my ($mtime)=(stat($perlvar{'lonIDsDir'}.'/'.$filename))[9];
	    if ($curtime-$mtime < 1800) { $numusers++; }
	}
	closedir(LONIDS);
    }
    my $userloadpercent=0;
    my $maxuserload=$perlvar{'lonUserLoadLim'};
    if ($maxuserload) {
	$userloadpercent=100*$numusers/$maxuserload;
    }
    $userloadpercent=sprintf("%.2f",$userloadpercent);
    return $userloadpercent;
}

# ------------------------------ Find server with least workload from spare.tab

sub spareserver {
    my ($r,$loadpercent,$userloadpercent,$want_server_name,$udom) = @_;
    my $spare_server;
    if ($userloadpercent !~ /\d/) { $userloadpercent=0; }
    my $lowest_load=($loadpercent > $userloadpercent) ? $loadpercent 
                                                     :  $userloadpercent;
    my ($uint_dom,$remotesessions);
    if (($udom ne '') && (&domain($udom) ne '')) {
        my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
        $uint_dom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
        my %udomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($udom);
        $remotesessions = $udomdefaults{'remotesessions'};
    }
    my $spareshash = &this_host_spares($udom);
    if (ref($spareshash) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($spareshash->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'primary'} }) {
                next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,$remotesessions,
                                             $try_server));
	        ($spare_server, $lowest_load) =
	            &compare_server_load($try_server, $spare_server, $lowest_load);
            }
        }

        my $found_server = ($spare_server ne '' && $lowest_load < 100);

        if (!$found_server) {
            if (ref($spareshash->{'default'}) eq 'ARRAY') { 
	        foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'default'} }) {
                    next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,
                                                 $remotesessions,$try_server));
	            ($spare_server, $lowest_load) =
		        &compare_server_load($try_server, $spare_server, $lowest_load);
                }
	    }
        }
    }

    if (!$want_server_name) {
        if (defined($spare_server)) {
            my $hostname = &hostname($spare_server);
            if (defined($hostname)) {
                my $protocol = 'http';
                if ($protocol{$spare_server} eq 'https') {
                    $protocol = $protocol{$spare_server};
                }
                my $alias = &use_proxy_alias($r,$spare_server);
                $hostname = $alias if ($alias ne '');
	        $spare_server = $protocol.'://'.$hostname;
            }
        }
    }
    return $spare_server;
}

sub compare_server_load {
    my ($try_server, $spare_server, $lowest_load, $required) = @_;

    if ($required) {
        my ($reqdmajor,$reqdminor) = ($required =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)$/);
        my $remoterev = &get_server_loncaparev(undef,$try_server);
        my ($major,$minor) = ($remoterev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.[\w.\-]+\'?$/);
        if (($major eq '' && $minor eq '') ||
            (($reqdmajor > $major) || (($reqdmajor == $major) && ($reqdminor > $minor)))) {
            return ($spare_server,$lowest_load);
        }
    }

    my $loadans     = &reply('load',    $try_server);
    my $userloadans = &reply('userload',$try_server);

    if ($loadans !~ /\d/ && $userloadans !~ /\d/) {
	return ($spare_server, $lowest_load); #didn't get a number from the server
    }

    my $load;
    if ($loadans =~ /\d/) {
	if ($userloadans =~ /\d/) {
	    #both are numbers, pick the bigger one
	    $load = ($loadans > $userloadans) ? $loadans 
		                              : $userloadans;
	} else {
	    $load = $loadans;
	}
    } else {
	$load = $userloadans;
    }

    if (($load =~ /\d/) && ($load < $lowest_load)) {
	$spare_server = $try_server;
	$lowest_load  = $load;
    }
    return ($spare_server,$lowest_load);
}

# --------------------------- ask offload servers if user already has a session
sub find_existing_session {
    my ($udom,$uname) = @_;
    my $spareshash = &this_host_spares($udom);
    if (ref($spareshash) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($spareshash->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'primary'} }) {
                return $try_server if (&has_user_session($try_server, $udom, $uname));
            }
        }
        if (ref($spareshash->{'default'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'default'} }) {
                return $try_server if (&has_user_session($try_server, $udom, $uname));
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub delusersession {
    my ($lonid,$udom,$uname) = @_;
    my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
    my $uintdom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
    my $intdom = &internet_dom($lonid);
    my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($lonid);
    if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
        return &reply(join(':','delusersession',
                            map {&escape($_)} ($udom,$uname)),$lonid);
    }
    return;
}

# check if user's browser sent load balancer cookie and server still has session
# and is not overloaded.
sub check_for_balancer_cookie {
    my ($r,$update_mtime) = @_;
    my ($otherserver,$cookie);
    my %cookies=CGI::Cookie->parse($r->header_in('Cookie'));
    if (exists($cookies{'balanceID'})) {
        my $balid = $cookies{'balanceID'};
        $cookie=&LONCAPA::clean_handle($balid->value);
        my $balancedir=$r->dir_config('lonBalanceDir');
        if ((-d $balancedir) && (-e "$balancedir/$cookie.id")) {
            if ($cookie =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_username)_[a-f0-9]+$/) {
                my ($possudom,$possuname) = ($1,$2);
                my $has_session = 0;
                if ((&domain($possudom) ne '') &&
                    (&homeserver($possuname,$possudom) ne 'no_host')) {
                    my $try_server;
                    my $opened = open(my $idf,'+<',"$balancedir/$cookie.id");
                    if ($opened) {
                        flock($idf,LOCK_SH);
                        while (my $line = <$idf>) {
                            chomp($line);
                            if (&hostname($line) ne '') {
                                $try_server = $line;
                                last;
                            }
                        }
                        close($idf);
                        if (($try_server) &&
                            (&has_user_session($try_server,$possudom,$possuname))) {
                            my $lowest_load = 30000;
                            ($otherserver,$lowest_load) =
                                &compare_server_load($try_server,undef,$lowest_load);
                            if ($otherserver ne '' && $lowest_load < 100) {
                                $has_session = 1;
                            } else {
                                undef($otherserver);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($has_session) {
                    if ($update_mtime) {
                        my $atime = my $mtime = time;
                        utime($atime,$mtime,"$balancedir/$cookie.id");
                    }
                } else {
                    unlink("$balancedir/$cookie.id");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($otherserver,$cookie);
}

sub updatebalcookie {
    my ($cookie,$balancer,$lastentry)=@_;
    if ($cookie =~ /^($match_domain)\_($match_username)\_[a-f0-9]{32}$/) {
        my ($udom,$uname) = ($1,$2);
        my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
        my $uintdom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
        my $intdom = &internet_dom($balancer);
        my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($balancer);
        if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
            return &reply('updatebalcookie:'.&escape($cookie).':'.&escape($lastentry),$balancer);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub delbalcookie {
    my ($cookie,$balancer) =@_;
    if ($cookie =~ /^($match_domain)\_($match_username)\_[a-f0-9]{32}$/) {
        my ($udom,$uname) = ($1,$2);
        my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
        my $uintdom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
        my $intdom = &internet_dom($balancer);
        my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($balancer);
        if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
            return &reply('delbalcookie:'.&escape($cookie),$balancer);
        }
    }
}

# -------------------------------- ask if server already has a session for user
sub has_user_session {
    my ($lonid,$udom,$uname) = @_;
    my $result = &reply(join(':','userhassession',
			     map {&escape($_)} ($udom,$uname)),$lonid);
    return 1 if ($result eq 'ok');

    return 0;
}

# --------- determine least loaded server in a user's domain which allows login

sub choose_server {
    my ($udom,$checkloginvia,$required,$skiploadbal) = @_;
    my %domconfhash = &Apache::loncommon::get_domainconf($udom);
    my %servers = &get_servers($udom);
    my $lowest_load = 30000;
    my ($login_host,$hostname,$portal_path,$isredirect,$balancers);
    if ($skiploadbal) {
        ($balancers,my $cached)=&is_cached_new('loadbalancing',$udom);
        unless (defined($cached)) {
            my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
            my %domconfig =
                &get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$udom);
            if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $balancers = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$udom,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},
                                           $cachetime);
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $lonhost (keys(%servers)) {
        if ($skiploadbal) {
            if (ref($balancers) eq 'HASH') {
                next if (exists($balancers->{$lonhost}));
            }
        }
        my $loginvia;
        if ($checkloginvia) {
            $loginvia = $domconfhash{$udom.'.login.loginvia_'.$lonhost};
            if ($loginvia) {
                my ($server,$path) = split(/:/,$loginvia);
                ($login_host, $lowest_load) =
                    &compare_server_load($server, $login_host, $lowest_load, $required);
                if ($login_host eq $server) {
                    $portal_path = $path;
                    $isredirect = 1;
                }
            } else {
                ($login_host, $lowest_load) =
                    &compare_server_load($lonhost, $login_host, $lowest_load, $required);
                if ($login_host eq $lonhost) {
                    $portal_path = '';
                    $isredirect = ''; 
                }
            }
        } else {
            ($login_host, $lowest_load) =
                &compare_server_load($lonhost, $login_host, $lowest_load, $required);
        }
    }
    if ($login_host ne '') {
        $hostname = &hostname($login_host);
    }
    return ($login_host,$hostname,$portal_path,$isredirect,$lowest_load);
}

sub get_course_sessions {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$lastactivity) = @_;
    my %servers = &internet_dom_servers($cdom);
    my %returnhash;
    foreach my $server (sort(keys(%servers))) {
        my $rep = &reply("coursesessions:$cdom:$cnum:$lastactivity",$server);
        my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
        unless (($rep eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($rep =~ /^error/)) {
            foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
                $key = &unescape($key);
                next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                if (exists($returnhash{$key})) {
                    next if ($value < $returnhash{$key});
                }
                $returnhash{$key}=$value;
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# --------------------------------------------- Try to change a user's password

sub changepass {
    my ($uname,$udom,$currentpass,$newpass,$server,$context)=@_;
    $currentpass = &escape($currentpass);
    $newpass     = &escape($newpass);
    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my $answer = reply("encrypt:passwd:$udom:$uname:$currentpass:$newpass:$context:$lonhost",
		       $server);
    if (! $answer) {
	&logthis("No reply on password change request to $server ".
		 "by $uname in domain $udom.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^ok") {
        &logthis("$uname in $udom successfully changed their password ".
		 "on $server.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^pwchange_failure") {
	&logthis("$uname in $udom was unable to change their password ".
		 "on $server.  The action was blocked by either lcpasswd ".
		 "or pwchange");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^non_authorized") {
        &logthis("$uname in $udom did not get their password correct when ".
		 "attempting to change it on $server.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^auth_mode_error") {
        &logthis("$uname in $udom attempted to change their password despite ".
		 "not being locally or internally authenticated on $server.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^unknown_user") {
        &logthis("$uname in $udom attempted to change their password ".
		 "on $server but were unable to because $server is not ".
		 "their home server.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^refused") {
	&logthis("$server refused to change $uname in $udom password because ".
		 "it was sent an unencrypted request to change the password.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "invalid_client") {
        &logthis("$server refused to change $uname in $udom password because ".
                 "it was a reset by e-mail originating from an invalid server.");
    } elsif ($answer =~ "^prioruse") {
       &logthis("$server refused to change $uname in $udom password because ".
                "the password had been used before");
    }
    return $answer;
}

# ----------------------- Try to determine user's current authentication scheme

sub queryauthenticate {
    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if ((!$uhome) || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
	&logthis("User $uname at $udom is unknown when looking for authentication mechanism");
	return 'no_host';
    }
    my $answer=reply("encrypt:currentauth:$udom:$uname",$uhome);
    if ($answer =~ /^(unknown_user|refused|con_lost)/) {
	&logthis("User $uname at $udom threw error $answer when checking authentication mechanism");
    }
    return $answer;
}

# --------- Try to authenticate user from domain's lib servers (first this one)

sub authenticate {
    my ($uname,$upass,$udom,$checkdefauth,$clientcancheckhost)=@_;
    $upass=&escape($upass);
    $uname= &LONCAPA::clean_username($uname);
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,1);
    my $newhome;
    if ((!$uhome) || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
# Maybe the machine was offline and only re-appeared again recently?
        &reconlonc();
# One more
	$uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,1);
        if (($uhome eq 'no_host') && $checkdefauth) {
            if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
                $newhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
            }
            if ($newhome ne '') {
                $uhome = $newhome;
            }
        }
	if ((!$uhome) || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
	    &logthis("User $uname at $udom is unknown in authenticate");
	    return 'no_host';
        }
    }
    my $answer=reply("encrypt:auth:$udom:$uname:$upass:$checkdefauth:$clientcancheckhost",$uhome);
    if ($answer eq 'authorized') {
        if ($newhome) {
            &logthis("User $uname at $udom authorized by $uhome, but needs account");
            return 'no_account_on_host'; 
        } else {
            &logthis("User $uname at $udom authorized by $uhome");
            return $uhome;
        }
    }
    if ($answer eq 'non_authorized') {
	&logthis("User $uname at $udom rejected by $uhome");
	return 'no_host';
    }
    &logthis("User $uname at $udom threw error $answer when checking authentication mechanism");
    return 'no_host';
}

sub can_switchserver {
    my ($udom,$home) = @_;
    my ($canswitch,@intdoms);
    my $internet_names = &get_internet_names($home);
    if (ref($internet_names) eq 'ARRAY') {
        @intdoms = @{$internet_names};
    }
    my $uint_dom = &internet_dom(&domain($udom,'primary'));
    if ($uint_dom ne '' && grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@intdoms)) {
        $canswitch = 1;
    } else {
         my $serverhomeID = &get_server_homeID(&hostname($home));
         my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($serverhomeID);
         my %defdomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($serverhomedom);
         my %udomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($udom);
         my $remoterev = &get_server_loncaparev('',$home);
         $canswitch = &can_host_session($udom,$home,$remoterev,
                                        $udomdefaults{'remotesessions'},
                                        $defdomdefaults{'hostedsessions'});
    }
    return $canswitch;
}

sub can_host_session {
    my ($udom,$lonhost,$remoterev,$remotesessions,$hostedsessions) = @_;
    my $canhost = 1;
    my $host_idn = &internet_dom($lonhost);
    if (ref($remotesessions) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($remotesessions->{'excludedomain'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (grep(/^\Q$host_idn\E$/,@{$remotesessions->{'excludedomain'}})) {
                $canhost = 0;
            } else {
                $canhost = 1;
            }
        }
        if (ref($remotesessions->{'includedomain'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (grep(/^\Q$host_idn\E$/,@{$remotesessions->{'includedomain'}})) {
                $canhost = 1;
            } else {
                $canhost = 0;
            }
        }
        if ($canhost) {
            if ($remotesessions->{'version'} ne '') {
                my ($reqmajor,$reqminor) = ($remotesessions->{'version'} =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)$/);
                if ($reqmajor ne '' && $reqminor ne '') {
                    if ($remoterev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)/) {
                        my $major = $1;
                        my $minor = $2;
                        if (($major < $reqmajor ) ||
                            (($major == $reqmajor) && ($minor < $reqminor))) {
                            $canhost = 0;
                        }
                    } else {
                        $canhost = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($canhost) {
        if (ref($hostedsessions) eq 'HASH') {
            my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
            my $uint_dom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
            if (ref($hostedsessions->{'excludedomain'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                if (($uint_dom ne '') && 
                    (grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@{$hostedsessions->{'excludedomain'}}))) {
                    $canhost = 0;
                } else {
                    $canhost = 1;
                }
            }
            if (ref($hostedsessions->{'includedomain'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                if (($uint_dom ne '') && 
                    (grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@{$hostedsessions->{'includedomain'}}))) {
                    $canhost = 1;
                } else {
                    $canhost = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return $canhost;
}

sub spare_can_host {
    my ($udom,$uint_dom,$remotesessions,$try_server)=@_;
    my $canhost=1;
    my $try_server_hostname = &hostname($try_server);
    my $serverhomeID = &get_server_homeID($try_server_hostname);
    my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($serverhomeID);
    my %defdomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($serverhomedom);
    if (ref($defdomdefaults{'offloadnow'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if ($defdomdefaults{'offloadnow'}{$try_server}) {
            $canhost = 0;
        }
    }
    if ($canhost) {
        if (ref($defdomdefaults{'offloadoth'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($defdomdefaults{'offloadoth'}{$try_server}) {
                unless (&shared_institution($udom,$try_server)) {
                    $canhost = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (($canhost) && ($uint_dom)) {
        my @intdoms;
        my $internet_names = &get_internet_names($try_server);
        if (ref($internet_names) eq 'ARRAY') {
            @intdoms = @{$internet_names};
        }
        unless (grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@intdoms)) {
            my $remoterev = &get_server_loncaparev(undef,$try_server);
            $canhost = &can_host_session($udom,$try_server,$remoterev,
                                         $remotesessions,
                                         $defdomdefaults{'hostedsessions'});
        }
    }
    return $canhost;
}

sub this_host_spares {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    my ($dom_in_use,$lonhost_in_use,$result);
    my @hosts = &current_machine_ids();
    foreach my $lonhost (@hosts) {
        if (&host_domain($lonhost) eq $dom) {
            $dom_in_use = $dom;
            $lonhost_in_use = $lonhost;
            last;
        }
    }
    if ($dom_in_use ne '') {
        $result = &spares_for_offload($dom_in_use,$lonhost_in_use);
    }
    if (ref($result) ne 'HASH') {
        $lonhost_in_use = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
        $dom_in_use = &host_domain($lonhost_in_use);
        $result = &spares_for_offload($dom_in_use,$lonhost_in_use);
        if (ref($result) ne 'HASH') {
            $result = \%spareid;
        }
    }
    return $result;
}

sub spares_for_offload  {
    my ($dom_in_use,$lonhost_in_use) = @_;
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('spares',$dom_in_use);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        return $result;
    } else {
        my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
        my %domconfig =
            &get_dom('configuration',['usersessions'],$dom_in_use);
        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'spares'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'spares'}{$lonhost_in_use}) eq 'HASH') {
                    return &do_cache_new('spares',$dom_in_use,$domconfig{'usersessions'}{'spares'}{$lonhost_in_use},$cachetime);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub get_lonbalancer_config {
    my ($servers) = @_;
    my ($currbalancer,$currtargets);
    if (ref($servers) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $server (keys(%{$servers})) {
            my %what = (
                         spareid => 1,
                         perlvar => 1,
                       );
            my ($result,$returnhash) = &get_remote_globals($server,\%what);
            if ($result eq 'ok') {
                if (ref($returnhash) eq 'HASH') {
                    if (ref($returnhash->{'perlvar'}) eq 'HASH') {
                        if ($returnhash->{'perlvar'}->{'lonBalancer'} eq 'yes') {
                            $currbalancer = $server;
                            $currtargets = {};
                            if (ref($returnhash->{'spareid'}) eq 'HASH') {
                                if (ref($returnhash->{'spareid'}->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                    $currtargets->{'primary'} = $returnhash->{'spareid'}->{'primary'};
                                }
                                if (ref($returnhash->{'spareid'}->{'default'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                    $currtargets->{'default'} = $returnhash->{'spareid'}->{'default'};
                                }
                            }
                            last;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($currbalancer,$currtargets);
}

sub check_loadbalancing {
    my ($uname,$udom,$caller) = @_;
    my ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$dom_in_use,$homeintdom,
        $rule_in_effect,$offloadto,$otherserver,$setcookie,$dom_balancers);
    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my @hosts = &current_machine_ids();
    my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
    my $uintdom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
    my $intdom = &internet_dom($lonhost);
    my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($lonhost);
    my $domneedscache;
    my $cachetime = 60*60*24;

    if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
        $dom_in_use = $udom;
        $homeintdom = 1;
    } else {
        $dom_in_use = $serverhomedom;
    }
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('loadbalancing',$dom_in_use);
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my %domconfig =
            &get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$dom_in_use);
        if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $result = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$dom_in_use,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},$cachetime);
        } else {
            $domneedscache = $dom_in_use;
        }
    }
    if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
        ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$setcookie,$dom_balancers) =
            &check_balancer_result($result,@hosts);
        if ($is_balancer) {
            if (ref($currrules) eq 'HASH') {
                if ($homeintdom) {
                    if ($uname ne '') {
                        if (($currrules->{'_LC_adv'} ne '') || ($currrules->{'_LC_author'} ne '')) {
                            my ($is_adv,$is_author) = &is_advanced_user($udom,$uname);
                            if (($currrules->{'_LC_author'} ne '') && ($is_author)) {
                                $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'_LC_author'};
                            } elsif (($currrules->{'_LC_adv'} ne '') && ($is_adv)) {
                                $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'_LC_adv'}
                            }
                        }
                        if ($rule_in_effect eq '') {
                            my %userenv = &userenvironment($udom,$uname,'inststatus');
                            if ($userenv{'inststatus'} ne '') {
                                my @statuses = map { &unescape($_); } split(/:/,$userenv{'inststatus'});
                                my ($othertitle,$usertypes,$types) =
                                    &Apache::loncommon::sorted_inst_types($udom);
                                if (ref($types) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                    foreach my $type (@{$types}) {
                                        if (grep(/^\Q$type\E$/,@statuses)) {
                                            if (exists($currrules->{$type})) {
                                                $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{$type};
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                if (exists($currrules->{'default'})) {
                                    $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'default'};
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (exists($currrules->{'default'})) {
                            $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'default'};
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    if ($currrules->{'_LC_external'} ne '') {
                        $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'_LC_external'};
                    }
                }
                $offloadto = &get_loadbalancer_targets($rule_in_effect,$currtargets,
                                                       $uname,$udom);
            }
        }
    } elsif (($homeintdom) && ($udom ne $serverhomedom)) {
        ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('loadbalancing',$serverhomedom);
        unless (defined($cached)) {
            my %domconfig =
                &get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$serverhomedom);
            if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $result = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$serverhomedom,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},$cachetime);
            } else {
                $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
            }
        }
        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
            ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$setcookie,$dom_balancers) =
                &check_balancer_result($result,@hosts);
            if ($is_balancer) {
                if (ref($currrules) eq 'HASH') {
                    if ($currrules->{'_LC_internetdom'} ne '') {
                        $rule_in_effect = $currrules->{'_LC_internetdom'};
                    }
                }
                $offloadto = &get_loadbalancer_targets($rule_in_effect,$currtargets,
                                                       $uname,$udom);
            }
        } else {
            if ($perlvar{'lonBalancer'} eq 'yes') {
                $is_balancer = 1;
                $offloadto = &this_host_spares($dom_in_use);
            }
            unless (defined($cached)) {
                $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
            }
        }
    } else {
        if ($perlvar{'lonBalancer'} eq 'yes') {
            $is_balancer = 1;
            $offloadto = &this_host_spares($dom_in_use);
        }
        unless (defined($cached)) {
            $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
        }
    }
    if ($domneedscache) {
        &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$domneedscache,$is_balancer,$cachetime);
    }
    if (($is_balancer) && ($caller ne 'switchserver')) {
        my $lowest_load = 30000;
        if (ref($offloadto) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($offloadto->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                foreach my $try_server (@{$offloadto->{'primary'}}) {
                    ($otherserver,$lowest_load) =
                        &compare_server_load($try_server,$otherserver,$lowest_load);
                }
            }
            my $found_server = ($otherserver ne '' && $lowest_load < 100);

            if (!$found_server) {
                if (ref($offloadto->{'default'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    foreach my $try_server (@{$offloadto->{'default'}}) {
                        ($otherserver,$lowest_load) =
                            &compare_server_load($try_server,$otherserver,$lowest_load);
                    }
                }
            }
        } elsif (ref($offloadto) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (@{$offloadto} == 1) {
                $otherserver = $offloadto->[0];
            } elsif (@{$offloadto} > 1) {
                foreach my $try_server (@{$offloadto}) {
                    ($otherserver,$lowest_load) =
                        &compare_server_load($try_server,$otherserver,$lowest_load);
                }
            }
        }
        unless ($caller eq 'login') {
            if (($otherserver ne '') && (grep(/^\Q$otherserver\E$/,@hosts))) {
                $is_balancer = 0;
                if ($uname ne '' && $udom ne '') {
                    if (($env{'user.name'} eq $uname) && ($env{'user.domain'} eq $udom)) {
                        &appenv({'user.loadbalexempt'     => $lonhost,
                                 'user.loadbalcheck.time' => time});
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (($is_balancer) && (!$homeintdom)) {
        undef($setcookie);
    }
    return ($is_balancer,$otherserver,$setcookie,$offloadto,$dom_balancers);
}

sub check_balancer_result {
    my ($result,@hosts) = @_;
    my ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$setcookie,$dom_balancers);
    if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
        if ($result->{'lonhost'} ne '') {
            my $currbalancer = $result->{'lonhost'};
            if (grep(/^\Q$currbalancer\E$/,@hosts)) {
                $is_balancer = 1;
                $currtargets = $result->{'targets'};
                $currrules = $result->{'rules'};
            }
            $dom_balancers = $currbalancer;
        } else {
            if (keys(%{$result})) {
                foreach my $key (keys(%{$result})) {
                    if (($key ne '') && (grep(/^\Q$key\E$/,@hosts)) &&
                        (ref($result->{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                        $is_balancer = 1;
                        $currrules = $result->{$key}{'rules'};
                        $currtargets = $result->{$key}{'targets'};
                        $setcookie = $result->{$key}{'cookie'};
                        last;
                    }
                }
                $dom_balancers = join(',',sort(keys(%{$result})));
            }
        }
    }
    return ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$setcookie,$dom_balancers);
}

sub get_loadbalancer_targets {
    my ($rule_in_effect,$currtargets,$uname,$udom) = @_;
    my $offloadto;
    if ($rule_in_effect eq 'none') {
        return [$perlvar{'lonHostID'}];
    } elsif ($rule_in_effect eq '') {
        $offloadto = $currtargets;
    } else {
        if ($rule_in_effect eq 'homeserver') {
            my $homeserver = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
            if ($homeserver ne 'no_host') {
                $offloadto = [$homeserver];
            }
        } elsif ($rule_in_effect eq 'externalbalancer') {
            my %domconfig =
                &get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$udom);
            if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if ($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}{'lonhost'} ne '') {
                    if (&hostname($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}{'lonhost'}) ne '') {
                        $offloadto = [$domconfig{'loadbalancing'}{'lonhost'}];
                    }
                }
            } else {
                my %servers = &internet_dom_servers($udom);
                my ($remotebalancer,$remotetargets) = &get_lonbalancer_config(\%servers);
                if (&hostname($remotebalancer) ne '') {
                    $offloadto = [$remotebalancer];
                }
            }
        } elsif (&hostname($rule_in_effect) ne '') {
            $offloadto = [$rule_in_effect];
        }
    }
    return $offloadto;
}

sub internet_dom_servers {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    my (%uniqservers,%servers);
    my $primaryserver = &hostname(&domain($dom,'primary'));
    my @machinedoms = &machine_domains($primaryserver);
    foreach my $mdom (@machinedoms) {
        my %currservers = %servers;
        my %server = &get_servers($mdom);
        %servers = (%currservers,%server);
    }
    my %by_hostname;
    foreach my $id (keys(%servers)) {
        push(@{$by_hostname{$servers{$id}}},$id);
    }
    foreach my $hostname (sort(keys(%by_hostname))) {
        if (@{$by_hostname{$hostname}} > 1) {
            my $match = 0;
            foreach my $id (@{$by_hostname{$hostname}}) {
                if (&host_domain($id) eq $dom) {
                    $uniqservers{$id} = $hostname;
                    $match = 1;
                }
            }
            unless ($match) {
                $uniqservers{$by_hostname{$hostname}[0]} = $hostname;
            }
        } else {
            $uniqservers{$by_hostname{$hostname}[0]} = $hostname;
        }
    }
    return %uniqservers;
}

sub trusted_domains {
    my ($cmdtype,$calldom) = @_;
    my ($trusted,$untrusted);
    if (&domain($calldom) eq '') {
        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
    }
    unless ($cmdtype =~ /^(content|shared|enroll|coaurem|othcoau|domroles|catalog|reqcrs|msg)$/) {
        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
    }
    my $callprimary = &domain($calldom,'primary');
    my $intcalldom = &internet_dom($callprimary);
    if ($intcalldom eq '') {
        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
    }

    my ($trustconfig,$cached)=&is_cached_new('trust',$calldom);
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['trust'],$calldom);
        &do_cache_new('trust',$calldom,$domconfig{'trust'},3600);
        $trustconfig = $domconfig{'trust'};
    }
    if (ref($trustconfig)) {
        my (%possexc,%possinc,@allexc,@allinc); 
        if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                map { $possexc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}}; 
            }
            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                $possinc{$intcalldom} = 1;
                map { $possinc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}};
            }
        }
        if (keys(%possexc)) {
            if (keys(%possinc)) {
                foreach my $key (sort(keys(%possexc))) {
                    next if ($key eq $intcalldom);
                    unless ($possinc{$key}) {
                        push(@allexc,$key);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                @allexc = sort(keys(%possexc));
            }
        }
        if (keys(%possinc)) {
            $possinc{$intcalldom} = 1;
            @allinc = sort(keys(%possinc));
        }
        if ((@allexc > 0) || (@allinc > 0)) {
            my %doms_by_intdom;
            my %allintdoms = &all_host_intdom();
            my %alldoms = &all_host_domain();
            foreach my $key (%allintdoms) {
                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    unless (grep(/^\Q$alldoms{$key}\E$/,@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}})) {
                        push(@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}},$alldoms{$key});
                    }
                } else {
                    $doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}} = [$alldoms{$key}]; 
                }
            }
            foreach my $exc (@allexc) {
                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$exc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    push(@{$untrusted},@{$doms_by_intdom{$exc}});
                }
            }
            foreach my $inc (@allinc) {
                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$inc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    push(@{$trusted},@{$doms_by_intdom{$inc}});
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($trusted,$untrusted);
}

sub will_trust {
    my ($cmdtype,$domain,$possdom) = @_;
    return 1 if ($domain eq $possdom);
    my ($trustedref,$untrustedref) = &trusted_domains($cmdtype,$possdom);
    my $willtrust; 
    if ((ref($trustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$trustedref} > 0)) {
        if (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$trustedref})) {
            $willtrust = 1;
        }
    } elsif ((ref($untrustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$untrustedref} > 0)) {
        unless (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$untrustedref})) {
            $willtrust = 1;
        }
    } else {
        $willtrust = 1;
    }
    return $willtrust;
}

# ---------------------- Find the homebase for a user from domain's lib servers

my %homecache;
sub homeserver {
    my ($uname,$udom,$ignoreBadCache)=@_;
    my $index="$uname:$udom";

    if (exists($homecache{$index})) { return $homecache{$index}; }

    my %servers = &get_servers($udom,'library');
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
        next if ($ignoreBadCache ne 'true' && 
		 exists($badServerCache{$tryserver}));

	my $answer=reply("home:$udom:$uname",$tryserver);
	if ($answer eq 'found') {
	    delete($badServerCache{$tryserver}); 
	    return $homecache{$index}=$tryserver;
	} elsif ($answer eq 'no_host') {
	    $badServerCache{$tryserver}=1;
	}
    }    
    return 'no_host';
}

# ----- Find the usernames behind a list of student/employee IDs or clicker IDs

sub idget {
    my ($udom,$idsref,$namespace)=@_;
    my %returnhash=();
    my @ids=(); 
    if (ref($idsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
        @ids = @{$idsref};
    } else {
        return %returnhash; 
    }
    if ($namespace eq '') {
        $namespace = 'ids';
    }
    
    my %servers = &get_servers($udom,'library');
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
	my $idlist=join('&', map { &escape($_); } @ids);
	if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
	    $idlist=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
	}
	my $reply;
	if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
	    $reply=&reply("idget:$udom:".$idlist,$tryserver);
	} else {
	    $reply=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$idlist",$tryserver);
	}
	my @answer=();
	if (($reply ne 'con_lost') && ($reply!~/^error\:/)) {
	    @answer=split(/\&/,$reply);
	}                    ;
	my $i;
	for ($i=0;$i<=$#ids;$i++) {
	    if ($answer[$i]) {
		$returnhash{$ids[$i]}=&unescape($answer[$i]);
	    }
	}
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ------------------------------------- Find the IDs behind a list of usernames

sub idrget {
    my ($udom,@unames)=@_;
    my %returnhash=();
    foreach my $uname (@unames) {
        $returnhash{$uname}=(&userenvironment($udom,$uname,'id'))[1];
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# Store away a list of names and associated student/employee IDs or clicker IDs

sub idput {
    my ($udom,$idsref,$uhom,$namespace)=@_;
    my %servers=();
    my %ids=();
    my %byid = ();
    if (ref($idsref) eq 'HASH') {
        %ids=%{$idsref};
    }
    if ($namespace eq '') {
        $namespace = 'ids'; 
    }
    foreach my $uname (keys(%ids)) {
	&cput('environment',{'id'=>$ids{$uname}},$udom,$uname);
        if ($uhom eq '') {
            $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
        }
        if ($uhom ne 'no_host') {
            my $esc_unam=&escape($uname);
            if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
                my $id=&escape($ids{$uname});
                $id=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
                my $esc_unam=&escape($uname);
                $servers{$uhom}.=$id.'='.$esc_unam.'&';
            } else {
                my @currids = split(/,/,$ids{$uname});
                foreach my $id (@currids) {
                    $byid{$uhom}{$id} .= $uname.',';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
        foreach my $server (keys(%byid)) {
            if (ref($byid{$server}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $id (keys(%{$byid{$server}})) {
                    $byid{$server} =~ s/,$//;
                    $servers{$uhom}.=&escape($id).'='.&escape($byid{$server}).'&'; 
                }
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $server (keys(%servers)) {
        $servers{$server} =~ s/\&$//;
        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {     
            &critical('idput:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$server);
        } else {
            &critical('updateclickers:'.$udom.':add:'.$servers{$server},$server);
        }
    }
}

# ------------- Delete unwanted student/employee IDs or clicker IDs from domain

sub iddel {
    my ($udom,$idshashref,$uhome,$namespace)=@_;
    my %result=();
    my %ids=();
    my %byid = ();
    if (ref($idshashref) eq 'HASH') {
        %ids=%{$idshashref};
    } else {
        return %result;
    }
    if ($namespace eq '') {
        $namespace = 'ids';
    }
    my %servers=();
    while (my ($id,$unamestr) = each(%ids)) {
        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
            my $uhom = $uhome;
            if ($uhom eq '') { 
                $uhom=&homeserver($unamestr,$udom);
            }
            if ($uhom ne 'no_host') {
                $servers{$uhom}.='&'.&escape($id);
            }
         } else {
            my @curritems = split(/,/,$ids{$id});
            foreach my $uname (@curritems) {
                my $uhom = $uhome;
                if ($uhom eq '') {
                    $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
                }
                if ($uhom ne 'no_host') { 
                    $byid{$uhom}{$id} .= $uname.',';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
        foreach my $server (keys(%byid)) {
            if (ref($byid{$server}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $id (keys(%{$byid{$server}})) {
                    $byid{$server}{$id} =~ s/,$//;
                    $servers{$server}.=&escape($id).'='.&escape($byid{$server}{$id}).'&';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $server (keys(%servers)) {
        $servers{$server} =~ s/\&$//;
        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
            $result{$server} = &critical('iddel:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$uhome);
        } elsif ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
            $result{$server} = &critical('updateclickers:'.$udom.':del:'.$servers{$server},$server);
        }
    }
    return %result;
}

# ----- Update clicker ID-to-username look-ups in clickers.db on library server 

sub updateclickers {
    my ($udom,$action,$idshashref,$uhome,$critical) = @_;
    my %clickers;
    if (ref($idshashref) eq 'HASH') {
        %clickers=%{$idshashref};
    } else {
        return;
    }
    my $items='';
    foreach my $item (keys(%clickers)) {
        $items.=&escape($item).'='.&escape($clickers{$item}).'&';
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    my $request = "updateclickers:$udom:$action:$items";
    if ($critical) {
        return &critical($request,$uhome);
    } else {
        return &reply($request,$uhome);
    }
}

# ------------------------------dump from db file owned by domainconfig user
sub dump_dom {
    my ($namespace, $udom, $regexp) = @_;

    $udom ||= $env{'user.domain'};

    return () unless $udom;

    return &dump($namespace, $udom, &get_domainconfiguser($udom), $regexp);
}

# ------------------------------------------ get items from domain db files   

sub get_dom {
    my ($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uhome,$encrypt)=@_;
    return if ($udom eq 'public');
    my $items='';
    foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
        $items.=&escape($item).'&';
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    if (!$udom) {
        $udom=$env{'user.domain'};
        return if ($udom eq 'public');
        if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
            $uhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
        } else {
            undef($uhome);
        }
    } else {
        if (!$uhome) {
            if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
                $uhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
            }
        }
    }
    if ($udom && $uhome && ($uhome ne 'no_host')) {
        my $rep;
        if (grep { $_ eq $uhome } &current_machine_ids()) {
            # domain information is hosted on this machine
            $rep = &LONCAPA::Lond::get_dom("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items");
        } else {
            if ($encrypt) {
                $rep=&reply("encrypt:egetdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
            } else {
                $rep=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
            }
        }
        my %returnhash;
        if ($rep eq '' || $rep =~ /^error: 2 /) {
            return %returnhash;
        }
        my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
        if ( $#pairs==0 && $pairs[0] =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
            return @pairs;
        }
        my $i=0;
        foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
            $returnhash{$item}=&thaw_unescape($pairs[$i]);
            $i++;
        }
        return %returnhash;
    } else {
        &logthis("get_dom failed - no homeserver and/or domain ($udom) ($uhome)");
    }
}

# -------------------------------------------- put items in domain db files 

sub put_dom {
    my ($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uhome,$encrypt)=@_;
    if (!$udom) {
        $udom=$env{'user.domain'};
        if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
            $uhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
        } else {
            undef($uhome);
        }
    } else {
        if (!$uhome) {
            if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
                $uhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
            }
        }
    } 
    if ($udom && $uhome && ($uhome ne 'no_host')) {
        my $items='';
        foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
            $items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
        }
        $items=~s/\&$//;
        if ($encrypt) {
            return &reply("encrypt:putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
        } else {
            return &reply("putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
        }
    } else {
        &logthis("put_dom failed - no homeserver and/or domain");
    }
}

# --------------------- newput for items in db file owned by domainconfig user
sub newput_dom {
    my ($namespace,$storehash,$udom) = @_;
    my $result;
    if (!$udom) {
        $udom=$env{'user.domain'};
    }
    if ($udom) {
        my $uname = &get_domainconfiguser($udom);
        $result = &newput($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uname);
    }
    return $result;
}

# --------------------- delete for items in db file owned by domainconfig user
sub del_dom {
    my ($namespace,$storearr,$udom)=@_;
    if (ref($storearr) eq 'ARRAY') {
        if (!$udom) {
            $udom=$env{'user.domain'};
        }
        if ($udom) {
            my $uname = &get_domainconfiguser($udom); 
            return &del($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uname);
        }
    }
}

sub store_dom {
    my ($storehash,$id,$namespace,$dom,$home,$encrypt) = @_;
    $$storehash{'ip'}=&get_requestor_ip();
    $$storehash{'host'}=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my $namevalue='';
    foreach my $key (keys(%{$storehash})) {
        $namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key}).'&';
    }
    $namevalue=~s/\&$//;
    if (grep { $_ eq $home } current_machine_ids()) {
        return LONCAPA::Lond::store_dom("storedom:$dom:$namespace:$id:$namevalue");
    } else {
        if ($namespace eq 'private') {
            return 'refused';
        } elsif ($encrypt) {
            return reply("encrypt:storedom:$dom:$namespace:$id:$namevalue",$home);
        } else {
            return reply("storedom:$dom:$namespace:$id:$namevalue",$home);
        }
    }
}

sub restore_dom {
    my ($id,$namespace,$dom,$home,$encrypt) = @_;
    my $answer;
    if (grep { $_ eq $home } current_machine_ids()) {
        $answer = LONCAPA::Lond::restore_dom("restoredom:$dom:$namespace:$id");
    } elsif ($namespace ne 'private') {
        if ($encrypt) {
            $answer=&reply("encrypt:restoredom:$dom:$namespace:$id",$home);
        } else {
            $answer=&reply("restoredom:$dom:$namespace:$id",$home);
        }
    }
    my %returnhash=();
    unless (($answer eq '') || ($answer eq 'con_lost') || ($answer eq 'refused') || 
            ($answer eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($answer eq 'rejected')) {
        foreach my $line (split(/\&/,$answer)) {
            my ($name,$value)=split(/\=/,$line);
            $returnhash{&unescape($name)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
        }
        my $version;
        for ($version=1;$version<=$returnhash{'version'};$version++) {
            foreach my $item (split(/\:/,$returnhash{$version.':keys'})) {
                $returnhash{$item}=$returnhash{$version.':'.$item};
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ----------------------------------construct domainconfig user for a domain 
sub get_domainconfiguser {
    my ($udom) = @_;
    return $udom.'-domainconfig';
}

sub retrieve_inst_usertypes {
    my ($udom) = @_;
    my (%returnhash,@order);
    my %domdefs = &get_domain_defaults($udom);
    if ((ref($domdefs{'inststatustypes'}) eq 'HASH') && 
        (ref($domdefs{'inststatusorder'}) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        return ($domdefs{'inststatustypes'},$domdefs{'inststatusorder'});
    } else {
        if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
            my $uhome=&domain($udom,'primary');
            my $rep=&reply("inst_usertypes:$udom",$uhome);
            if ($rep =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
                &logthis("retrieve_inst_usertypes failed - $rep returned from $uhome in domain: $udom");
                return (\%returnhash,\@order);
            }
            my ($hashitems,$orderitems) = split(/:/,$rep); 
            my @pairs=split(/\&/,$hashitems);
            foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
                $key = &unescape($key);
                next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                $returnhash{$key}=&thaw_unescape($value);
            }
            my @esc_order = split(/\&/,$orderitems);
            foreach my $item (@esc_order) {
                push(@order,&unescape($item));
            }
        } else {
            &logthis("retrieve_inst_usertypes failed - no primary domain server for $udom");
        }
        return (\%returnhash,\@order);
    }
}

sub is_domainimage {
    my ($url) = @_;
    if ($url=~m-^/+res/+($match_domain)/+\1\-domainconfig/+(img|logo|domlogo|login)/+[^/]-) {
        if (&domain($1) ne '') {
            return '1';
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub inst_directory_query {
    my ($srch) = @_;
    my $udom = $srch->{'srchdomain'};
    my %results;
    my $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
    my $outcome;
    if ($homeserver ne '') {
        unless ($homeserver eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
            if ($srch->{'srchby'} eq 'email') {
                my $lcrev = &get_server_loncaparev($udom,$homeserver);
                my ($major,$minor) = ($lcrev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.[\w.\-]+\'?$/);
                if (($major eq '' && $minor eq '') || ($major < 2) ||
                    (($major == 2) && ($minor < 12))) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
	my $queryid=&reply("querysend:instdirsearch:".
			   &escape($srch->{'srchby'}).':'.
			   &escape($srch->{'srchterm'}).':'.
			   &escape($srch->{'srchtype'}),$homeserver);
	my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
	if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
	    &logthis('institutional directory search invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.' in domain '.$udom);
	    return;
	}
	my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
	my $maxtries = 5;
	my $tries = 1;
	while (($response=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
	    $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
	    $tries ++;
	}

        if (!&error($response) && $response ne 'refused') {
            if ($response eq 'unavailable') {
                $outcome = $response;
            } else {
                $outcome = 'ok';
                my @matches = split(/\n/,$response);
                foreach my $match (@matches) {
                    my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$match);
                    $results{&unescape($key).':'.$udom} = &thaw_unescape($value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($outcome,%results);
}

sub usersearch {
    my ($srch) = @_;
    my $dom = $srch->{'srchdomain'};
    my %results;
    my %libserv = &all_library();
    my $query = 'usersearch';
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%libserv)) {
        if (&host_domain($tryserver) eq $dom) {
            unless ($tryserver eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
                if ($srch->{'srchby'} eq 'email') {
                    my $lcrev = &get_server_loncaparev($dom,$tryserver);
                    my ($major,$minor) = ($lcrev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.[\w.\-]+\'?$/);
                    next if (($major eq '' && $minor eq '') || ($major < 2) ||
                             (($major == 2) && ($minor < 12)));
                }
            }
            my $host=&hostname($tryserver);
            my $queryid=
                &reply("querysend:".&escape($query).':'.
                       &escape($srch->{'srchby'}).':'.
                       &escape($srch->{'srchtype'}).':'.
                       &escape($srch->{'srchterm'}),$tryserver);
            if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
                &logthis('usersearch: invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$host.'in domain '.$dom.' and server: '.$tryserver);
                next;
            }
            my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
            my $maxtries = 1;
            my $tries = 1;
            while (($reply=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
                $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
                $tries ++;
            }
            if ( ($reply =~/^timeout/) || ($reply =~/^error/) ) {
                &logthis('usersrch error: '.$reply.' for '.$dom.' - searching for : '.$srch->{'srchterm'}.' by '.$srch->{'srchby'}.' ('.$srch->{'srchtype'}.') -  maxtries: '.$maxtries.' tries: '.$tries);
            } else {
                my @matches;
                if ($reply =~ /\n/) {
                    @matches = split(/\n/,$reply);
                } else {
                    @matches = split(/\&/,$reply);
                }
                foreach my $match (@matches) {
                    my ($uname,$udom,%userhash);
                    foreach my $entry (split(/:/,$match)) {
                        my ($key,$value) =
                            map {&unescape($_);} split(/=/,$entry);
                        $userhash{$key} = $value;
                        if ($key eq 'username') {
                            $uname = $value;
                        } elsif ($key eq 'domain') {
                            $udom = $value;
                        }
                    }
                    $results{$uname.':'.$udom} = \%userhash;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %results;
}

sub get_instuser {
    my ($udom,$uname,$id) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
    my ($outcome,%results);
    if ($homeserver ne '') {
        my $queryid=&reply("querysend:getinstuser:".&escape($uname).':'.
                           &escape($id).':'.&escape($udom),$homeserver);
        my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
        if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
            &logthis('get_instuser invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.'in domain '.$udom);
            return;
        }
        my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
        my $maxtries = 5;
        my $tries = 1;
        while (($response=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
            $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
            $tries ++;
        }
        if (!&error($response) && $response ne 'refused') {
            if ($response eq 'unavailable') {
                $outcome = $response;
            } else {
                $outcome = 'ok';
                my @matches = split(/\n/,$response);
                foreach my $match (@matches) {
                    my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$match);
                    $results{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    my %userinfo;
    if (ref($results{$uname}) eq 'HASH') {
        %userinfo = %{$results{$uname}};
    } 
    return ($outcome,%userinfo);
}

sub get_multiple_instusers {
    my ($udom,$users,$caller) = @_;
    my ($outcome,$results);
    if (ref($users) eq 'HASH') {
        my $count = keys(%{$users}); 
        my $requested = &freeze_escape($users);
        my $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
        if ($homeserver ne '') {
            my $queryid=&reply('querysend:getmultinstusers:::'.$caller.'='.$requested,$homeserver);
            my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
            if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
                &logthis('get_multiple_instusers invalid queryid: '.$queryid.
                         ' for host: '.$homeserver.'in domain '.$udom);
                return ($outcome,$results);
            }
            my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
            my $maxtries = 5;
            if ($count > 100) {
                $maxtries = 1+int($count/20);
            }
            my $tries = 1;
            while (($response=~/^timeout/) && ($tries <= $maxtries)) {
                $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
                $tries ++;
            }
            if ($response eq '') {
                $results = {};
                foreach my $key (keys(%{$users})) {
                    my ($uname,$id);
                    if ($caller eq 'id') {
                        $id = $key;
                    } else {
                        $uname = $key;
                    }
                    my ($resp,%info) = &get_instuser($udom,$uname,$id);
                    $outcome = $resp;
                    if ($resp eq 'ok') {
                        %{$results} = (%{$results}, %info);
                    } else {
                        last;
                    }
                }
            } elsif(!&error($response) && ($response ne 'refused')) {
                if (($response eq 'unavailable') || ($response eq 'invalid') || ($response eq 'timeout')) {
                    $outcome = $response;
                } else {
                    ($outcome,my $userdata) = split(/=/,$response,2);
                    if ($outcome eq 'ok') {
                        $results = &thaw_unescape($userdata); 
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($outcome,$results);
}

sub inst_rulecheck {
    my ($udom,$uname,$id,$item,$rules) = @_;
    my %returnhash;
    if ($udom ne '') {
        if (ref($rules) eq 'ARRAY') {
            @{$rules} = map {&escape($_);} (@{$rules});
            my $rulestr = join(':',@{$rules});
            my $homeserver=&domain($udom,'primary');
            if (($homeserver ne '') && ($homeserver ne 'no_host')) {
                my $response;
                if ($item eq 'username') {                
                    $response=&unescape(&reply('instrulecheck:'.&escape($udom).
                                              ':'.&escape($uname).':'.$rulestr,
                                              $homeserver));
                } elsif ($item eq 'id') {
                    $response=&unescape(&reply('instidrulecheck:'.&escape($udom).
                                              ':'.&escape($id).':'.$rulestr,
                                              $homeserver));
                } elsif ($item eq 'selfcreate') {
                    $response=&unescape(&reply('instselfcreatecheck:'.
                                               &escape($udom).':'.&escape($uname).
                                              ':'.$rulestr,$homeserver));
                } elsif ($item eq 'unamemap') {
                    $response=&unescape(&reply('instunamemapcheck:'.
                                               &escape($udom).':'.&escape($uname).
                                              ':'.$rulestr,$homeserver));
                }
                if ($response ne 'refused') {
                    my @pairs=split(/\&/,$response);
                    foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                        my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
                        $key = &unescape($key);
                        next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                        $returnhash{$key}=&thaw_unescape($value);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub inst_userrules {
    my ($udom,$check) = @_;
    my (%ruleshash,@ruleorder);
    if ($udom ne '') {
        my $homeserver=&domain($udom,'primary');
        if (($homeserver ne '') && ($homeserver ne 'no_host')) {
            my $response;
            if ($check eq 'id') {
                $response=&reply('instidrules:'.&escape($udom),
                                 $homeserver);
            } elsif ($check eq 'email') {
                $response=&reply('instemailrules:'.&escape($udom),
                                 $homeserver);
            } elsif ($check eq 'unamemap') {
                $response=&reply('unamemaprules:'.&escape($udom),
                                 $homeserver); 
            } else {
                $response=&reply('instuserrules:'.&escape($udom),
                                 $homeserver);
            }
            if (($response ne 'refused') && ($response ne 'error') && 
                ($response ne 'unknown_cmd') && 
                ($response ne 'no_such_host')) {
                my ($hashitems,$orderitems) = split(/:/,$response);
                my @pairs=split(/\&/,$hashitems);
                foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                    my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
                    $key = &unescape($key);
                    next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                    $ruleshash{$key}=&thaw_unescape($value);
                }
                my @esc_order = split(/\&/,$orderitems);
                foreach my $item (@esc_order) {
                    push(@ruleorder,&unescape($item));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return (\%ruleshash,\@ruleorder);
}

# ------------- Get Authentication, Language and User Tools Defaults for Domain

sub get_domain_defaults {
    my ($domain,$ignore_cache) = @_;
    return if (($domain eq '') || ($domain eq 'public'));
    my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
    unless ($ignore_cache) {
        my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('domdefaults',$domain);
        if (defined($cached)) {
            if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
                return %{$result};
            }
        }
    }
    my %domdefaults;
    my %domconfig =
         &get_dom('configuration',['defaults','quotas',
                                  'requestcourses','inststatus',
                                  'coursedefaults','usersessions',
                                  'requestauthor','authordefaults',
                                  'selfenrollment','coursecategories',
                                  'ssl','autoenroll','trust',
                                  'helpsettings','wafproxy',
                                  'ltisec','toolsec','privacy'],$domain);
    my @coursetypes = ('official','unofficial','community','textbook','placement');
    if (ref($domconfig{'defaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'lang_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'lang_def'}; 
        $domdefaults{'auth_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'auth_def'};
        $domdefaults{'auth_arg_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'auth_arg_def'};
        $domdefaults{'timezone_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'timezone_def'};
        $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'datelocale_def'};
        $domdefaults{'portal_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'portal_def'};
        $domdefaults{'portal_def_email'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'portal_def_email'};
        $domdefaults{'portal_def_web'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'portal_def_web'};
        $domdefaults{'intauth_cost'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_cost'};
        $domdefaults{'intauth_switch'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_switch'};
        $domdefaults{'intauth_check'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_check'};
        $domdefaults{'unamemap_rule'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'unamemap_rule'};
    } else {
        $domdefaults{'lang_def'} = &domain($domain,'lang_def');
        $domdefaults{'auth_def'} = &domain($domain,'auth_def');
        $domdefaults{'auth_arg_def'} = &domain($domain,'auth_arg_def');
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'quotas'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'quotas'}{'defaultquota'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'defaultquota'} = $domconfig{'quotas'}{'defaultquota'};
        } else {
            $domdefaults{'defaultquota'} = $domconfig{'quotas'};
        }
        my @usertools = ('aboutme','blog','webdav','portfolio','portaccess');
        foreach my $item (@usertools) {
            if (ref($domconfig{'quotas'}{$item}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$item} = $domconfig{'quotas'}{$item};
            }
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'quotas'}{'authorquota'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'authorquota'} = $domconfig{'quotas'}{'authorquota'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'requestcourses'}) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $item ('official','unofficial','community','textbook','placement') {
            $domdefaults{$item} = $domconfig{'requestcourses'}{$item};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'requestauthor'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'requestauthor'} = $domconfig{'requestauthor'};
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'authordefaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $item ('nocodemirror','copyright','sourceavail','domcoordacc','editors') {
            if ($item eq 'editors') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'authordefaults'}{'editors'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    $domdefaults{$item} = join(',',@{$domconfig{'authordefaults'}{'editors'}});
                }
            } else {
                $domdefaults{$item} = $domconfig{'authordefaults'}{$item};
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'inststatus'}) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $item ('inststatustypes','inststatusorder','inststatusguest') {
            $domdefaults{$item} = $domconfig{'inststatus'}{$item};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'canuse_pdfforms'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canuse_pdfforms'};
        $domdefaults{'usejsme'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'usejsme'};
        $domdefaults{'inline_chem'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'inline_chem'};
        $domdefaults{'uselcmath'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uselcmath'};
        if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'postsubmit'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'client'};
        }
        foreach my $type (@coursetypes) {
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'coursecredits'}) eq 'HASH') {
                unless ($type eq 'community') {
                    $domdefaults{$type.'credits'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'coursecredits'}{$type};
                }
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uploadquota'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$type.'quota'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uploadquota'}{$type};
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'coursequota'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$type.'coursequota'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'coursequota'}{$type};
            }
            if ($domdefaults{'postsubmit'} eq 'on') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'timeout'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    $domdefaults{$type.'postsubtimeout'} = 
                        $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'timeout'}{$type}; 
                }
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'domexttool'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$type.'domexttool'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'domexttool'}{$type};
            } else {
                $domdefaults{$type.'domexttool'} = 1;
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'exttool'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$type.'exttool'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'exttool'}{$type};
            } else {
                $domdefaults{$type.'exttool'} = 0;
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'crsauthor'}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{$type.'crsauthor'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'crsauthor'}{$type};
            } else {
                $domdefaults{$type.'crsauthor'} = 1;
            }
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'crseditors'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                $domdefaults{'crseditors'}=join(',',@{$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'crseditors'}});
            }
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}{'instcode'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                my @clonecodes = @{$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}{'instcode'}};
                if (@clonecodes) {
                    $domdefaults{'canclone'} = join('+',@clonecodes);
                }
            }
        } elsif ($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}) {
            $domdefaults{'canclone'}=$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'};
        }
        if ($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'texengine'}) {
            $domdefaults{'texengine'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'texengine'};
        }
        if (exists($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'ltiauth'})) {
            $domdefaults{'crsltiauth'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'ltiauth'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'remote'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'remotesessions'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'remote'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'hosted'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'hostedsessions'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'hosted'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadnow'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'offloadnow'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadnow'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadoth'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'offloadoth'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadoth'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'admin'}) eq 'HASH') {
            my @settings = ('types','registered','enroll_dates','access_dates','section',
                            'approval','limit');
            foreach my $type (@coursetypes) {
                if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'admin'}{$type}) eq 'HASH') {
                    my @mgrdc = ();
                    foreach my $item (@settings) {
                        if ($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'admin'}{$type}{$item} eq '0') {
                            push(@mgrdc,$item);
                        }
                    }
                    if (@mgrdc) {
                        $domdefaults{$type.'selfenrolladmdc'} = join(',',@mgrdc);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'default'}) eq 'HASH') {
            foreach my $type (@coursetypes) {
                if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'default'}{$type}) eq 'HASH') {
                    foreach my $item (keys(%{$domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'default'}{$type}})) {
                        $domdefaults{$type.'selfenroll'.$item} = $domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'default'}{$type}{$item};
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'coursecategories'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'catauth'} = 'std';
        $domdefaults{'catunauth'} = 'std';
        if ($domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'auth'}) {
            $domdefaults{'catauth'} = $domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'auth'};
        }
        if ($domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'unauth'}) {
            $domdefaults{'catunauth'} = $domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'unauth'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'replication'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'replication'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'replication'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'connto'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'connect'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'connto'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'connfrom'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'connect'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'connfrom'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'trust'}) eq 'HASH') {
        my @prefixes = qw(content shared enroll othcoau coaurem domroles catalog reqcrs msg);
        foreach my $prefix (@prefixes) {
            if (ref($domconfig{'trust'}{$prefix}) eq 'HASH') {
                $domdefaults{'trust'.$prefix} = $domconfig{'trust'}{$prefix};
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'autoenroll'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'autofailsafe'} = $domconfig{'autoenroll'}{'autofailsafe'};
        $domdefaults{'failsafe'} = $domconfig{'autoenroll'}{'failsafe'};
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'helpsettings'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $domdefaults{'submitbugs'} = $domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'submitbugs'};
        if (ref($domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'adhoc'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'adhocroles'} = $domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'adhoc'};
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $item ('ipheader','trusted','vpnint','vpnext','sslopt') {
            if ($domconfig{'wafproxy'}{$item}) {
                $domdefaults{'waf_'.$item} = $domconfig{'wafproxy'}{$item};
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}{'encrypt'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'linkprotenc_crs'} = $domconfig{'ltisec'}{'encrypt'}{'crs'};
            $domdefaults{'linkprotenc_dom'} = $domconfig{'ltisec'}{'encrypt'}{'dom'};
            $domdefaults{'ltienc_consumers'} = $domconfig{'ltisec'}{'encrypt'}{'consumers'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}{'private'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}{'private'}{'keys'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                $domdefaults{'ltiprivhosts'} = $domconfig{'ltisec'}{'private'}{'keys'};
            }
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}{'suggested'}) eq 'HASH') {
            my %suggestions = %{$domconfig{'ltisec'}{'suggested'}};
            foreach my $item (keys(%{$domconfig{'ltisec'}{'suggested'}})) {
                unless (ref($domconfig{'ltisec'}{'suggested'}{$item}) eq 'HASH') {
                    delete($suggestions{$item});
                }
            }
            if (keys(%suggestions)) {
                $domdefaults{'linkprotsuggested'} = \%suggestions;
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'toolsec'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'toolsec'}{'encrypt'}) eq 'HASH') {
            $domdefaults{'toolenc_crs'} = $domconfig{'toolsec'}{'encrypt'}{'crs'};
            $domdefaults{'toolenc_dom'} = $domconfig{'toolsec'}{'encrypt'}{'dom'};
        }
        if (ref($domconfig{'toolsec'}{'private'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'toolsec'}{'private'}{'keys'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                $domdefaults{'toolprivhosts'} = $domconfig{'toolsec'}{'private'}{'keys'};
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($domconfig{'privacy'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($domconfig{'privacy'}{'approval'}) eq 'HASH') {
            foreach my $domtype ('instdom','extdom') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'privacy'}{'approval'}{$domtype}) eq 'HASH') {
                    foreach my $roletype ('domain','author','course','community') {
                        if ($domconfig{'privacy'}{'approval'}{$domtype}{$roletype} eq 'user') {
                            $domdefaults{'userapprovals'} = 1;
                            last;
                        }
                    }
                }
                last if ($domdefaults{'userapprovals'});
            }
        }
    }
    &do_cache_new('domdefaults',$domain,\%domdefaults,$cachetime);
    return %domdefaults;
}

sub get_dom_cats {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    return unless (&domain($dom));
    my ($cats,$cached)=&is_cached_new('cats',$dom);
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['coursecategories'],$dom);
        if (ref($domconfig{'coursecategories'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'cats'}) eq 'HASH') {
                %{$cats} = %{$domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'cats'}};
            } else {
                $cats = {};
            }
        } else {
            $cats = {};
        }
        &do_cache_new('cats',$dom,$cats,3600);
    }
    return $cats;
}

sub get_dom_instcats {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    return unless (&domain($dom));
    my ($instcats,$cached)=&is_cached_new('instcats',$dom);
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my (%coursecodes,%codes,@codetitles,%cat_titles,%cat_order);
        my $totcodes = &retrieve_instcodes(\%coursecodes,$dom);
        if ($totcodes > 0) {
            my $caller = 'global';
            if (&auto_instcode_format($caller,$dom,\%coursecodes,\%codes,
                                      \@codetitles,\%cat_titles,\%cat_order) eq 'ok') {
                $instcats = {
                                totcodes => $totcodes,
                                codes => \%codes,
                                codetitles => \@codetitles,
                                cat_titles => \%cat_titles,
                                cat_order => \%cat_order,
                            };
                &do_cache_new('instcats',$dom,$instcats,3600);
            }
        }
    }
    return $instcats;
}

sub retrieve_instcodes {
    my ($coursecodes,$dom) = @_;
    my $totcodes;
    my %courses = &courseiddump($dom,'.',1,'.','.','.',undef,undef,'Course');
    foreach my $course (keys(%courses)) {
        if (ref($courses{$course}) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($courses{$course}{'inst_code'} ne '') {
                $$coursecodes{$course} = $courses{$course}{'inst_code'};
                $totcodes ++;
            }
        }
    }
    return $totcodes;
}

sub course_portal_url {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$r) = @_;
    my $chome = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $hostname = &hostname($chome);
    my $protocol = $protocol{$chome};
    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
    my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($cdom);
    my $firsturl;
    if ($domdefaults{'portal_def'}) {
        $firsturl = $domdefaults{'portal_def'};
    } else {
        my $alias = &use_proxy_alias($r,$chome);
        $hostname = $alias if ($alias ne '');
        $firsturl = $protocol.'://'.$hostname;
    }
    return $firsturl;
}

sub url_prefix {
    my ($r,$dom,$home,$context) = @_;
    my $prefix;
    my %domdefs = &get_domain_defaults($dom);
    if ($domdefs{'portal_def'} && $domdefs{'portal_def_'.$context}) {
        if ($domdefs{'portal_def'} =~ m{^(https?://[^/]+)}) {
            $prefix = $1;
        }
    }
    if ($prefix eq '') {
        my $hostname = &hostname($home);
        my $protocol = $protocol{$home};
        $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol{$home} ne 'https');
        my $alias = &use_proxy_alias($r,$home);
        $hostname = $alias if ($alias ne '');
        $prefix = $protocol.'://'.$hostname;
    }
    return $prefix;
}

# --------------------------------------------- Get domain config for passwords

sub get_passwdconf {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    my (%passwdconf,$gotconf,$lookup);
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('passwdconf',$dom);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
            %passwdconf = %{$result};
            $gotconf = 1;
        }
    }
    unless ($gotconf) {
        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['passwords'],$dom);
        if (ref($domconfig{'passwords'}) eq 'HASH') {
            %passwdconf = %{$domconfig{'passwords'}};
        }
        my $cachetime = 24*60*60;
        &do_cache_new('passwdconf',$dom,\%passwdconf,$cachetime);
    }
    return %passwdconf;
}

# --------------------------------------------------- Assign a key to a student

sub assign_access_key {
#
# a valid key looks like uname:udom#comments
# comments are being appended
#
    my ($ckey,$kdom,$knum,$cdom,$cnum,$udom,$uname,$logentry)=@_;
    $kdom=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} unless (defined($kdom));
    $knum=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'} unless (defined($knum));
    $cdom=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} unless (defined($cdom));
    $cnum=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'} unless (defined($cnum));
    $udom=$env{'user.name'} unless (defined($udom));
    $uname=$env{'user.domain'} unless (defined($uname));
    my %existing=&get('accesskeys',[$ckey],$kdom,$knum);
    if (($existing{$ckey}=~/^\#(.*)$/) || # - new key
        ($existing{$ckey}=~/^\Q$uname\E\:\Q$udom\E\#(.*)$/)) { 
                                                  # assigned to this person
                                                  # - this should not happen,
                                                  # unless something went wrong
                                                  # the first time around
# ready to assign
        $logentry=$1.'; '.$logentry;
        if (&put('accesskeys',{$ckey=>$uname.':'.$udom.'#'.$logentry},
                                                 $kdom,$knum) eq 'ok') {
# key now belongs to user
	    my $envkey='key.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
            if (&put('environment',{$envkey => $ckey}) eq 'ok') {
                &appenv({'environment.'.$envkey => $ckey});
                return 'ok';
            } else {
                return 
  'error: Count not permanently assign key, will need to be re-entered later.';
	    }
        } else {
            return 'error: Could not assign key, try again later.';
        }
    } elsif (!$existing{$ckey}) {
# the key does not exist
	return 'error: The key does not exist';
    } else {
# the key is somebody else's
	return 'error: The key is already in use';
    }
}

# ------------------------------------------ put an additional comment on a key

sub comment_access_key {
#
# a valid key looks like uname:udom#comments
# comments are being appended
#
    my ($ckey,$cdom,$cnum,$logentry)=@_;
    $cdom=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} unless (defined($cdom));
    $cnum=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'} unless (defined($cnum));
    my %existing=&get('accesskeys',[$ckey],$cdom,$cnum);
    if ($existing{$ckey}) {
        $existing{$ckey}.='; '.$logentry;
# ready to assign
        if (&put('accesskeys',{$ckey=>$existing{$ckey}},
                                                 $cdom,$cnum) eq 'ok') {
	    return 'ok';
        } else {
	    return 'error: Count not store comment.';
        }
    } else {
# the key does not exist
	return 'error: The key does not exist';
    }
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ Generate a set of keys

sub generate_access_keys {
    my ($number,$cdom,$cnum,$logentry)=@_;
    $cdom=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} unless (defined($cdom));
    $cnum=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'} unless (defined($cnum));
    unless (&allowed('mky',$cdom)) { return 0; }
    unless (($cdom) && ($cnum)) { return 0; }
    if ($number>10000) { return 0; }
    sleep(2); # make sure don't get same seed twice
    srand(time()^($$+($$<<15))); # from "Programming Perl"
    my $total=0;
    for (my $i=1;$i<=$number;$i++) {
       my $newkey=sprintf("%lx",int(100000*rand)).'-'.
                  sprintf("%lx",int(100000*rand)).'-'.
                  sprintf("%lx",int(100000*rand));
       $newkey=~s/1/g/g; # folks mix up 1 and l
       $newkey=~s/0/h/g; # and also 0 and O
       my %existing=&get('accesskeys',[$newkey],$cdom,$cnum);
       if ($existing{$newkey}) {
           $i--;
       } else {
	  if (&put('accesskeys',
              { $newkey => '# generated '.localtime().
                           ' by '.$env{'user.name'}.'@'.$env{'user.domain'}.
                           '; '.$logentry },
		   $cdom,$cnum) eq 'ok') {
              $total++;
	  }
       }
    }
    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},
         'Generated '.$total.' keys for '.$cnum.' at '.$cdom);
    return $total;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------- Validate an accesskey

sub validate_access_key {
    my ($ckey,$cdom,$cnum,$udom,$uname)=@_;
    $cdom=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} unless (defined($cdom));
    $cnum=
   $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'} unless (defined($cnum));
    $udom=$env{'user.domain'} unless (defined($udom));
    $uname=$env{'user.name'} unless (defined($uname));
    my %existing=&get('accesskeys',[$ckey],$cdom,$cnum);
    return ($existing{$ckey}=~/^\Q$uname\E\:\Q$udom\E\#/);
}

# ------------------------------------- Find the section of student in a course
sub devalidate_getsection_cache {
    my ($udom,$unam,$courseid)=@_;
    my $hashid="$udom:$unam:$courseid";
    &devalidate_cache_new('getsection',$hashid);
}

sub courseid_to_courseurl {
    my ($courseid) = @_;
    #already url style courseid
    return $courseid if ($courseid =~ m{^/});

    if (exists($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'})) {
	my $cnum = $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'};
	my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'};
	return "/$cdom/$cnum";
    }

    my %courseinfo=&coursedescription($courseid);
    if (exists($courseinfo{'num'})) {
	return "/$courseinfo{'domain'}/$courseinfo{'num'}";
    }

    return undef;
}

sub getsection {
    my ($udom,$unam,$courseid)=@_;
    my $cachetime=1800;

    my $hashid="$udom:$unam:$courseid";
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('getsection',$hashid);
    if (defined($cached)) { return $result; }

    my %Pending; 
    my %Expired;
    #
    # Each role can either have not started yet (pending), be active, 
    #    or have expired.
    #
    # If there is an active role, we are done.
    #
    # If there is more than one role which has not started yet, 
    #     choose the one which will start sooner
    # If there is one role which has not started yet, return it.
    #
    # If there is more than one expired role, choose the one which ended last.
    # If there is a role which has expired, return it.
    #
    $courseid = &courseid_to_courseurl($courseid);
    my %roleshash = &dump('roles',$udom,$unam,$courseid);
    foreach my $key (keys(%roleshash)) {
        next if ($key !~/^\Q$courseid\E(?:\/)*(\w+)*\_st$/);
        my $section=$1;
        if ($key eq $courseid.'_st') { $section=''; }
        my ($dummy,$end,$start)=split(/\_/,&unescape($roleshash{$key}));
        my $now=time;
        if (defined($end) && $end && ($now > $end)) {
            $Expired{$end}=$section;
            next;
        }
        if (defined($start) && $start && ($now < $start)) {
            $Pending{$start}=$section;
            next;
        }
        return &do_cache_new('getsection',$hashid,$section,$cachetime);
    }
    #
    # Presumedly there will be few matching roles from the above
    # loop and the sorting time will be negligible.
    if (scalar(keys(%Pending))) {
        my ($time) = sort {$a <=> $b} keys(%Pending);
        return &do_cache_new('getsection',$hashid,$Pending{$time},$cachetime);
    } 
    if (scalar(keys(%Expired))) {
        my @sorted = sort {$a <=> $b} keys(%Expired);
        my $time = pop(@sorted);
        return &do_cache_new('getsection',$hashid,$Expired{$time},$cachetime);
    }
    return &do_cache_new('getsection',$hashid,'-1',$cachetime);
}

sub save_cache {
    &purge_remembered();
    #&Apache::loncommon::validate_page();
    undef(%env);
    undef($env_loaded);
}

my $to_remember=-1;
my %remembered;
my %accessed;
my $kicks=0;
my $hits=0;
sub make_key {
    my ($name,$id) = @_;
    if (length($id) > 65 
	&& length(&escape($id)) > 200) {
	$id=length($id).':'.&Digest::MD5::md5_hex($id);
    }
    return &escape($name.':'.$id);
}

sub devalidate_cache_new {
    my ($name,$id,$debug) = @_;
    if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("deleting $name:$id"); }
    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id;
    $id=&make_key($name,$id);
    $memcache->delete($id);
    delete($remembered{$remembered_id});
    delete($accessed{$remembered_id});
}

sub is_cached_new {
    my ($name,$id,$debug) = @_;
    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id; # this is to avoid make_key (which is slow) whenever possible
    if (exists($remembered{$remembered_id})) {
	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Early return $remembered_id of $remembered{$remembered_id} "); }
	$accessed{$remembered_id}=[&gettimeofday()];
	$hits++;
	return ($remembered{$remembered_id},1);
    }
    $id=&make_key($name,$id);
    my $value = $memcache->get($id);
    if (!(defined($value))) {
	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is not defined"); }
	return (undef,undef);
    }
    if ($value eq '__undef__') {
	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is __undef__"); }
	$value=undef;
    }
    &make_room($remembered_id,$value,$debug);
    if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is $value"); }
    return ($value,1);
}

sub do_cache_new {
    my ($name,$id,$value,$time,$debug) = @_;
    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id;
    $id=&make_key($name,$id);
    my $setvalue=$value;
    if (!defined($setvalue)) {
	$setvalue='__undef__';
    }
    if (!defined($time) ) {
	$time=600;
    }
    if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Setting $id to $value"); }
    my $result = $memcache->set($id,$setvalue,$time);
    if (! $result) {
	&logthis("caching of id -> $id  failed");
	$memcache->disconnect_all();
    }
    # need to make a copy of $value
    &make_room($remembered_id,$value,$debug);
    return $value;
}

sub make_room {
    my ($remembered_id,$value,$debug)=@_;

    $remembered{$remembered_id}= (ref($value)) ? &Storable::dclone($value)
                                    : $value;
    if ($to_remember<0) { return; }
    $accessed{$remembered_id}=[&gettimeofday()];
    if (scalar(keys(%remembered)) <= $to_remember) { return; }
    my $to_kick;
    my $max_time=0;
    foreach my $other (keys(%accessed)) {
	if (&tv_interval($accessed{$other}) > $max_time) {
	    $to_kick=$other;
	    $max_time=&tv_interval($accessed{$other});
	}
    }
    delete($remembered{$to_kick});
    delete($accessed{$to_kick});
    $kicks++;
    if ($debug) { &logthis("kicking $to_kick $max_time $kicks\n"); }
    return;
}

sub purge_remembered {
    #&logthis("Tossing ".scalar(keys(%remembered)));
    #&logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%remembered',length(&freeze(\%remembered))));
    undef(%remembered);
    undef(%accessed);
}
# ------------------------------------- Read an entry from a user's environment

sub userenvironment {
    my ($udom,$unam,@what)=@_;
    my $items;
    foreach my $item (@what) {
        $items.=&escape($item).'&';
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    my %returnhash=();
    my $uhome = &homeserver($unam,$udom);
    unless ($uhome eq 'no_host') {
        my @answer=split(/\&/, 
            &reply('get:'.$udom.':'.$unam.':environment:'.$items,$uhome));
        if ($#answer==0 && $answer[0] =~ /^(con_lost|error:|no_such_host)/i) {
            return %returnhash;
        }
        my $i;
        for ($i=0;$i<=$#what;$i++) {
	    $returnhash{$what[$i]}=&unescape($answer[$i]);
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Get a studentphoto
sub studentphoto {
    my ($udom,$unam,$ext) = @_;
    my $home=&homeserver($unam,$udom);
    if (defined($env{'request.course.id'})) {
        if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.showphoto'}) {
            if ($udom eq $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'}) {
                return(&retrievestudentphoto($udom,$unam,$ext)); 
            } else {
                my ($result,$perm_reqd)=
		    &auto_photo_permission($unam,$udom);
                if ($result eq 'ok') {
                    if (!($perm_reqd eq 'yes')) {
                        return(&retrievestudentphoto($udom,$unam,$ext));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        my ($result,$perm_reqd) = 
	    &auto_photo_permission($unam,$udom);
        if ($result eq 'ok') {
            if (!($perm_reqd eq 'yes')) {
                return(&retrievestudentphoto($udom,$unam,$ext));
            }
        }
    }
    return '/adm/lonKaputt/lonlogo_broken.gif';
}

sub retrievestudentphoto {
    my ($udom,$unam,$ext,$type) = @_;
    my $home=&homeserver($unam,$udom);
    my $ret=&reply("studentphoto:$udom:$unam:$ext:$type",$home);
    if ($ret eq 'ok') {
        my $url="/uploaded/$udom/$unam/internal/studentphoto.$ext";
        if ($type eq 'thumbnail') {
            $url="/uploaded/$udom/$unam/internal/studentphoto_tn.$ext"; 
        }
        my $tokenurl=&tokenwrapper($url);
        return $tokenurl;
    } else {
        if ($type eq 'thumbnail') {
            return '/adm/lonKaputt/genericstudent_tn.gif';
        } else { 
            return '/adm/lonKaputt/lonlogo_broken.gif';
        }
    }
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------------- New chat

sub chatsend {
    my ($newentry,$anon,$group)=@_;
    my $cnum=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
    my $cdom=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    my $chome=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.home'};
    &reply('chatsend:'.$cdom.':'.$cnum.':'.
	   &escape($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$anon.':'.
		   &escape($newentry)).':'.$group,$chome);
}

# ------------------------------------------ Find current version of a resource

sub getversion {
    my $fname=&clutter(shift);
    unless ($fname=~m{^(/adm/wrapper|)/res/}) { return -1; }
    return &currentversion(&filelocation('',$fname));
}

sub currentversion {
    my $fname=shift;
    my $author=$fname;
    $author=~s/\/home\/httpd\/html\/res\/([^\/]*)\/([^\/]*).*/$1\/$2/;
    my ($udom,$uname)=split(/\//,$author);
    my $home=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if ($home eq 'no_host') { 
        return -1; 
    }
    my $answer=&reply("currentversion:$fname",$home);
    if (($answer eq 'con_lost') || ($answer eq 'rejected')) {
	return -1;
    }
    return $answer;
}

#
# Return special version number of resource if set by override, empty otherwise
#
sub usedversion {
    my $fname=shift;
    unless ($fname) { $fname=$env{'request.uri'}; }
    my ($urlversion)=($fname=~/\.(\d+)\.\w+$/);
    if ($urlversion) { return $urlversion; }
    return '';
}

# ----------------------------- Subscribe to a resource, return URL if possible

sub subscribe {
    my $fname=shift;
    if ($fname=~/\/(aboutme|syllabus|bulletinboard|smppg)$/) { return ''; }
    $fname=~s/[\n\r]//g;
    my $author=$fname;
    $author=~s/\/home\/httpd\/html\/res\/([^\/]*)\/([^\/]*).*/$1\/$2/;
    my ($udom,$uname)=split(/\//,$author);
    my $home=homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if ($home eq 'no_host') {
        return 'not_found';
    }
    my $answer=reply("sub:$fname",$home);
    if (($answer eq 'con_lost') || ($answer eq 'rejected')) {
	$answer.=' by '.$home;
    }
    return $answer;
}
    
# -------------------------------------------------------------- Replicate file

sub repcopy {
    my $filename=shift;
    $filename=~s/\/+/\//g;
    my $londocroot = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'};
    if ($filename=~m{^\Q$londocroot/adm/\E}) { return 'ok'; }
    if ($filename=~m{^\Q/home/httpd/lonUsers/\E}) { return 'ok'; }
    if ($filename=~m{^\Q$londocroot/userfiles/\E} or
	$filename=~m{^/*(uploaded|editupload)/}) {
	return &repcopy_userfile($filename);
    }
    $filename=~s/[\n\r]//g;
    my $transname="$filename.in.transfer";
# FIXME: this should flock
    if ((-e $filename) || (-e $transname)) { return 'ok'; }
    my $remoteurl=subscribe($filename);
    if ($remoteurl =~ /^con_lost by/) {
	   &logthis("Subscribe returned $remoteurl: $filename");
           return 'unavailable';
    } elsif ($remoteurl eq 'not_found') {
	   #&logthis("Subscribe returned not_found: $filename");
	   return 'not_found';
    } elsif ($remoteurl =~ /^rejected by/) {
	   &logthis("Subscribe returned $remoteurl: $filename");
           return 'forbidden';
    } elsif ($remoteurl eq 'directory') {
           return 'ok';
    } else {
        my $author=$filename;
        $author=~s/\/home\/httpd\/html\/res\/([^\/]*)\/([^\/]*).*/$1\/$2/;
        my ($udom,$uname)=split(/\//,$author);
        my $home=homeserver($uname,$udom);
        unless ($home eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
           my @parts=split(/\//,$filename);
           my $path="/$parts[1]/$parts[2]/$parts[3]/$parts[4]";
           if ($path ne "$londocroot/res") {
               &logthis("Malconfiguration for replication: $filename");
	       return 'bad_request';
           }
           my $count;
           for ($count=5;$count<$#parts;$count++) {
               $path.="/$parts[$count]";
               if ((-e $path)!=1) {
		   mkdir($path,0777);
               }
           }
           my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$remoteurl");
           my $response;
           if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
           } else {
               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',1);
           }
           if ($response->is_error()) {
	       unlink($transname);
               my $message=$response->status_line;
               &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:"
                       ." LWP get: $message: $filename</font>");
               return 'unavailable';
           } else {
	       if ($remoteurl!~/\.meta$/) {
                  my $mrequest=new HTTP::Request('GET',$remoteurl.'.meta');
                  my $mresponse;
                  if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
                  } else {
                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',1);
                  }
                  if ($mresponse->is_error()) {
		      unlink($filename.'.meta');
                      &logthis(
                     "<font color=\"yellow\">INFO: No metadata: $filename</font>");
                  }
	       }
               rename($transname,$filename);
               return 'ok';
           }
       }
    }
}

# ------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe from a resource

sub unsubscribe {
    my ($fname) = @_;
    my $answer;
    if ($fname=~/\/(aboutme|syllabus|bulletinboard|smppg)$/) { return $answer; }
    $fname=~s/[\n\r]//g;
    my $author=$fname;
    $author=~s/\/home\/httpd\/html\/res\/([^\/]*)\/([^\/]*).*/$1\/$2/;
    my ($udom,$uname)=split(/\//,$author);
    my $home=homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if ($home eq 'no_host') {
        $answer = 'no_host';
    } elsif (grep { $_ eq $home } &current_machine_ids()) {
        $answer = 'home';
    } else {
        my $defdom = $perlvar{'lonDefDomain'};
        if (&will_trust('content',$defdom,$udom)) {
            $answer = reply("unsub:$fname",$home);
        } else {
            $answer = 'untrusted';
        }
    }
    return $answer;
}

# ------------------------------------------------ Get server side include body
sub ssi_body {
    my ($filelink,%form)=@_;
    if (! exists($form{'LONCAPA_INTERNAL_no_discussion'})) {
        $form{'LONCAPA_INTERNAL_no_discussion'}='true';
    }
    my $output='';
    my $response;
    if ($filelink=~/^https?\:/) {
       ($output,$response)=&externalssi($filelink);
    } else {
       $filelink .= $filelink=~/\?/ ? '&' : '?';
       $filelink .= 'inhibitmenu=yes';
       ($output,$response)=&ssi($filelink,%form);
    }
    $output=~s|//(\s*<!--)? BEGIN LON-CAPA Internal.+?// END LON-CAPA Internal\s*(-->)?\s||gs;
    $output=~s/^.*?\<body[^\>]*\>//si;
    $output=~s/\<\/body\s*\>.*?$//si;
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($output, $response);
    } else {
        return $output;
    }
}

# --------------------------------------------------------- Server Side Include

sub absolute_url {
    my ($host_name,$unalias,$keep_proto) = @_;
    my $protocol = ($ENV{'SERVER_PORT'} == 443?'https://':'http://');
    if ($host_name eq '') {
	$host_name = $ENV{'SERVER_NAME'};
    }
    if ($unalias) {
        my $alias = &get_proxy_alias();
        if ($alias eq $host_name) {
            my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
            my $hostname = &hostname($lonhost);
            my $lcproto; 
            if (($keep_proto) || ($hostname eq '')) {
                $lcproto = $protocol;
            } else {
                $lcproto = $protocol{$lonhost};
                $lcproto = 'http' if ($lcproto ne 'https');
                $lcproto .= '://';
            }
            unless ($hostname eq '') {
                return $lcproto.$hostname;
            }
        }
    }
    return $protocol.$host_name;
}

#
#   Server side include.
# Parameters:
#  fn     Possibly encrypted resource name/id.
#  form   Hash that describes how the rendering should be done
#         and other things.
# Returns:
#   Scalar context: The content of the response.
#   Array context:  2 element list of the content and the full response object.
#     
sub ssi {

    my ($fn,%form)=@_;
    my ($host,$request,$response);
    $host = &absolute_url('',1);

    $form{'no_update_last_known'}=1;
    &Apache::lonenc::check_encrypt(\$fn);
    if (%form) {
      $request=new HTTP::Request('POST',$host.$fn);
      $request->content(join('&',map { 
            my $name = escape($_);
            "$name=" . ( ref($form{$_}) eq 'ARRAY' 
            ? join("&$name=", map {escape($_) } @{$form{$_}}) 
            : &escape($form{$_}) );    
        } keys(%form)));
    } else {
      $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$host.$fn);
    }

    $request->header(Cookie => $ENV{'HTTP_COOKIE'});
    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my $islocal;
    if (($env{'request.course.id'}) &&
        ($form{'grade_courseid'} eq $env{'request.course.id'}) &&
        ($form{'grade_username'} ne '') && ($form{'grade_domain'} ne '') &&
        ($form{'grade_symb'} ne '') &&
        (&allowed('mgr',$env{'request.course.id'}.
                        ($env{'request.course.sec'}?'/'.$env{'request.course.sec'}:'')))) {
        $islocal = 1;
    }
    $response= &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar,
                                             '','','',$islocal);

    if (wantarray) {
	return ($response->content, $response);
    } else {
	return $response->content;
    }
}

sub externalssi {
    my ($url)=@_;
    my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar);
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($response->content, $response);
    } else {
        return $response->content;
    }
}


# If the local copy of a replicated resource is outdated, trigger a  
# connection from the homeserver to flush the delayed queue. If no update 
# happens, remove local copies of outdated resource (and corresponding
# metadata file).

sub remove_stale_resfile {
    my ($url) = @_;
    my $removed;
    if ($url=~m{^/res/($match_domain)/($match_username)/}) {
        my $audom = $1;
        my $auname = $2;
        unless (($url =~ /\.\d+\.\w+$/) || ($url =~ m{^/res/lib/templates/})) {
            my $homeserver = &homeserver($auname,$audom);
            unless (($homeserver eq 'no_host') ||
                    (grep { $_ eq $homeserver } &current_machine_ids())) {
                my $fname = &filelocation('',$url);
                if (-e $fname) {
                    my $hostname = &hostname($homeserver);
                    if ($hostname) {
                        my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
                        $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
                        my $uri = &declutter($url);
                        my $request=new HTTP::Request('HEAD',$protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/raw/'.$uri);
                        my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,'',\%perlvar,5,0,1);
                        if ($response->is_success()) {
                            my $remmodtime = &HTTP::Date::str2time( $response->header('Last-modified') );
                            my $locmodtime = (stat($fname))[9];
                            if ($locmodtime < $remmodtime) {
                                my $stale;
                                my $answer = &reply('pong',$homeserver);
                                if ($answer eq $homeserver.':'.$perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
                                    sleep(0.2);
                                    $locmodtime = (stat($fname))[9];
                                    if ($locmodtime < $remmodtime) {
                                        my $posstransfer = $fname.'.in.transfer';
                                        if ((-e $posstransfer) && ($remmodtime < (stat($posstransfer))[9])) {
                                            $removed = 1;
                                        } else {
                                            $stale = 1;
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        $removed = 1;
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    $stale = 1;
                                }
                                if ($stale) {
                                    if (unlink($fname)) {
                                        if ($uri!~/\.meta$/) {
                                            if (-e $fname.'.meta') {
                                                unlink($fname.'.meta');
                                            }
                                        }
                                        my $unsubresult = &unsubscribe($fname);
                                        unless ($unsubresult eq 'ok') {
                                            &logthis("no unsub of $fname from $homeserver, reason: $unsubresult");
                                        }
                                        $removed = 1;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return $removed;
}

# -------------------------------- Allow a /uploaded/ URI to be vouched for

sub allowuploaded {
    my ($srcurl,$url)=@_;
    $url=&clutter(&declutter($url));
    my $dir=$url;
    $dir=~s/\/[^\/]+$//;
    my %httpref=();
    my $httpurl=&hreflocation('',$url);
    $httpref{'httpref.'.$httpurl}=$srcurl;
    &Apache::lonnet::appenv(\%httpref);
}

#
# Determine if the current user should be able to edit a particular resource,
# when viewing in course context.
# (a) When viewing resource used to determine if "Edit" item is included in 
#     Functions.
# (b) When displaying folder contents in course editor, used to determine if
#     "Edit" link will be displayed alongside resource.
#
#  input: six args -- filename (decluttered), course number, course domain,
#                   url, symb (if registered) and group (if this is a group
#                   item -- e.g., bulletin board, group page etc.).
#  output: array of five scalars -- 
#          $cfile -- url for file editing if editable on current server
#          $home -- homeserver of resource (i.e., for author if published,
#                                           or course if uploaded.).
#          $switchserver --  1 if server switch will be needed.
#          $forceedit -- 1 if icon/link should be to go to edit mode 
#          $forceview -- 1 if icon/link should be to go to view mode
#

sub can_edit_resource {
    my ($file,$cnum,$cdom,$resurl,$symb,$group) = @_;
    my ($cfile,$home,$switchserver,$forceedit,$forceview,$uploaded,$incourse);
#
# For aboutme pages user can only edit his/her own.
#
    if ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/($match_domain)/($match_username)/aboutme$}) {
        my ($sdom,$sname) = ($1,$2);
        if (($sdom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($sname eq $env{'user.name'})) {
            $home = $env{'user.home'};
            $cfile = $resurl;
            if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                $forceview = 1;
            } else {
                $forceedit = 1;
            }
            return ($cfile,$home,$switchserver,$forceedit,$forceview);
        } else {
            return;
        }
    }

#
# For /adm/viewcoauthors can only edit if author or co-author who is manager.
#

    if (($resurl eq '/adm/viewcoauthors') && ($cnum ne '') && ($cdom ne '')) {
        if (((&allowed('cca',"$cdom/$cnum")) ||
             (&allowed('caa',"$cdom/$cnum"))) ||
             ((&allowed('vca',"$cdom/$cnum") ||
               &allowed('vaa',"$cdom/$cnum")) &&
              ($env{"environment.internal.manager./$cdom/$cnum"}))) {
            $home = $env{'user.home'};
            $cfile = $resurl;
            if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                $forceview = 1;
            } else {
                $forceedit = 1;
            }
            return ($cfile,$home,$switchserver,$forceedit,$forceview);
        } else {
            return;
        }
    }

    if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
        my $crsedit = &allowed('mdc',$env{'request.course.id'});
        if ($group ne '') {
# if this is a group homepage or group bulletin board, check group privs
            my $allowed = 0;
            if ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/$cdom/$cnum/$group/smppg$}) {
                if ((&allowed('mdg',$env{'request.course.id'}.
                              ($env{'request.course.sec'}?'/'.$env{'request.course.sec'}:''))) ||
                        (&allowed('mgh',$env{'request.course.id'}.'/'.$group)) || $crsedit) {
                    $allowed = 1;
                }
            } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/bulletinboard$}) {
                if ((&allowed('mdg',$env{'request.course.id'}.($env{'request.course.sec'}?'/'.$env{'request.course.sec'}:''))) ||
                        (&allowed('cgb',$env{'request.course.id'}.'/'.$group)) || $crsedit) {
                    $allowed = 1;
                }
            }
            if ($allowed) {
                $home=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                    $forceview = 1;
                } else {
                    $forceedit = 1;
                }
                $cfile = $resurl;
            } else {
                return;
            }
        } else {
            if ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/viewclasslist$}) {
                unless (&allowed('opa',$env{'request.course.id'})) {
                    return;
                }
            } elsif (!$crsedit) {
                if ($env{'request.role'} =~ m{^st\./$cdom/$cnum}) {
#
# No edit allowed where CC has switched to student role.
#
                    return;
                } elsif (($resurl !~ m{^/res/$match_domain/$match_username/}) ||
                         ($resurl =~ m{^/res/lib/templates/})) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ($file ne '') {
        if (($cnum =~ /$match_courseid/) && ($cdom =~ /$match_domain/)) {
            if (&is_course_upload($file,$cnum,$cdom)) {
                $uploaded = 1;
                $incourse = 1;
                if ($file =~/\.(htm|html|css|js|txt)$/) {
                    $cfile = &hreflocation('',$file);
                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                        $forceview = 1;
                    } else {
                        $forceedit = 1;
                    }
                }
            } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/public/$cdom/$cnum/syllabus}) {
                $incourse = 1;
                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                    $forceview = 1;
                } else {
                    $forceedit = 1;
                }
                $cfile = $resurl;
            } elsif (($resurl ne '') && (&is_on_map($resurl))) {
                if ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/$match_domain/$match_username/\d+/smppg|bulletinboard$}) {
                    $incourse = 1;
                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                        $forceview = 1;
                    } else {
                        $forceedit = 1;
                    }
                    $cfile = $resurl;
                } elsif ($resurl eq '/res/lib/templates/simpleproblem.problem') {
                    $incourse = 1;
                    $cfile = $resurl.'/smpedit';
                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/ext/}) {
                    $incourse = 1;
                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                        $forceview = 1;
                    } else {
                        $forceedit = 1;
                    }
                    $cfile = $resurl;
                } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/ext/}) && ($symb ne '')) {
                    my ($map,$id,$res) = &decode_symb($symb);
                    if ($map =~ /\.page$/) {
                        $incourse = 1;
                        if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                            $forceview = 1;
                            $cfile = $map;
                        } else {
                            $forceedit = 1;
                            $cfile =  '/adm/wrapper'.$resurl;
                        }
                    }
                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
                    $incourse = 1;
                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                        $forceview = 1;
                    } else {
                        $forceedit = 1;
                    }
                    $cfile = $resurl;
                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/viewclasslist$}) {
                    $incourse = 1;
                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                        $forceview = 1;
                    } else {
                        $forceedit = 1;
                    }
                    $cfile = ($resurl =~ m{^/} ? $resurl : "/$resurl");
                }
            } elsif ($resurl eq '/res/lib/templates/simpleproblem.problem/smpedit') {
                my $template = '/res/lib/templates/simpleproblem.problem';
                if (&is_on_map($template)) { 
                    $incourse = 1;
                    $forceview = 1;
                    $cfile = $template;
                }
            } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/ext/}) && ($env{'form.folderpath'} =~ /^supplemental/)) {
                $incourse = 1;
                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                    $forceview = 1;
                } else {
                    $forceedit = 1;
                }
                $cfile = $resurl;
            } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) && ($env{'form.folderpath'} =~ /^supplemental/)) {
                $incourse = 1;
                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                    $forceview = 1;
                } else {
                    $forceedit = 1;
                }
                $cfile = $resurl;
            } elsif (($resurl eq '/adm/extresedit') && ($symb || $env{'form.folderpath'})) {
                $incourse = 1;
                $forceview = 1;
                if ($symb) {
                    my ($map,$id,$res)=&decode_symb($symb);
                    $env{'request.symb'} = $symb;
                    $cfile = &clutter($res);
                } else {
                    $cfile = $env{'form.suppurl'};
                    my $escfile = &unescape($cfile);
                    if ($escfile =~ m{^/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
                        $cfile = '/adm/wrapper'.$escfile;
                    } else {
                        $escfile =~ s{^http://}{};
                        $cfile = &escape("/adm/wrapper/ext/$escfile");
                    }
                }
            } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/viewclasslist$}) {
                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                    $forceview = 1;
                } else {
                    $forceedit = 1;
                }
                $cfile = ($resurl =~ m{^/} ? $resurl : "/$resurl");
            }
        }
        if ($uploaded || $incourse) {
            $home=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        } elsif ($file !~ m{/$}) {
            $file=~s{^(priv/$match_domain/$match_username)}{/$1};
            $file=~s{^($match_domain/$match_username)}{/priv/$1};
            # Check that the user has permission to edit this resource
            my $setpriv = 1;
            my ($cfuname,$cfudom)=&constructaccess($file,$setpriv);
            if (defined($cfudom)) {
                $home=&homeserver($cfuname,$cfudom);
                $cfile=$file;
            }
        }
        if (($cfile ne '') && (!$incourse || $uploaded) && 
            (($home ne '') && ($home ne 'no_host'))) {
            my @ids=&current_machine_ids();
            unless (grep(/^\Q$home\E$/,@ids)) {
                $switchserver=1;
            }
        }
    }
    return ($cfile,$home,$switchserver,$forceedit,$forceview);
}

sub is_course_upload {
    my ($file,$cnum,$cdom) = @_;
    my $uploadpath = &LONCAPA::propath($cdom,$cnum);
    $uploadpath =~ s{^\/}{};
    if (($file =~ m{^\Q$uploadpath\E/userfiles/(docs|supplemental)/}) ||
        ($file =~ m{^userfiles/\Q$cdom\E/\Q$cnum\E/(docs|supplemental)/})) {
        return 1;
    }
    return;
}

sub in_course {
    my ($udom,$uname,$cdom,$cnum,$type,$hideprivileged) = @_;
    if ($hideprivileged) {
        my $skipuser;
        my %coursehash = &coursedescription($cdom.'_'.$cnum);
        my @possdoms = ($cdom);  
        if ($coursehash{'checkforpriv'}) { 
            push(@possdoms,split(/,/,$coursehash{'checkforpriv'})); 
        }
        if (&privileged($uname,$udom,\@possdoms)) {
            $skipuser = 1;
            if ($coursehash{'nothideprivileged'}) {
                foreach my $item (split(/\s*\,\s*/,$coursehash{'nothideprivileged'})) {
                    my $user;
                    if ($item =~ /:/) {
                        $user = $item;
                    } else {
                        $user = join(':',split(/[\@]/,$item));
                    }
                    if ($user eq $uname.':'.$udom) {
                        undef($skipuser);
                        last;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($skipuser) {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    $type ||= 'any';
    if (!defined($cdom) || !defined($cnum)) {
        my $cid  = $env{'request.course.id'};
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'};
    }
    my $typesref;
    if (($type eq 'any') || ($type eq 'all')) {
        $typesref = ['active','previous','future'];
    } elsif ($type eq 'previous' || $type eq 'future') {
        $typesref = [$type];
    }
    my %roles = &get_my_roles($uname,$udom,'userroles',
                              $typesref,undef,[$cdom]);
    my ($tmp) = keys(%roles);
    return 0 if ($tmp =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i);
    my @course_roles = grep(/^\Q$cnum\E:\Q$cdom\E:/, keys(%roles));
    if (@course_roles > 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

# --------- File operations in /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course
# input: action, courseID, current domain, intended
#        path to file, source of file, instruction to parse file for objects,
#        ref to hash for embedded objects,
#        ref to hash for codebase of java objects.
#        reference to scalar to accommodate mime type determined
#          from File::MMagic if $parser = parse.
#
# output: url to file (if action was uploaddoc), 
#         ok if successful, or diagnostic message otherwise (if action was propagate or copy)
#
# Allows directory structure to be used within lonUsers/../userfiles/ for a 
# course.
#
# action = propagate - /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course/$file
#          will be copied to /home/httpd/lonUsers/1/2/3/$course/userfiles in
#          course's home server.
#
# action = copy - /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course/$file will
#          be copied from $source (current location) to 
#          /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course/$file
#         and will then be copied to
#          /home/httpd/lonUsers/$domain/1/2/3/$course/userfiles/$file in
#         course's home server.
#
# action = uploaddoc - /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course/$file
#         will be retrived from $env{form.uploaddoc} (from DOCS interface) to
#         /home/httpd/html/userfiles/$domain/1/2/3/$course/$file
#         and will then be copied to /home/httpd/lonUsers/1/2/3/$course/userfiles/$file
#         in course's home server.
#

sub process_coursefile {
    my ($action,$docuname,$docudom,$file,$source,$parser,$allfiles,$codebase,
        $mimetype)=@_;
    my $fetchresult;
    my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);
    if ($action eq 'propagate') {
        $fetchresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file,
			     $home);
    } else {
        my $fpath = '';
        my $fname = $file;
        ($fpath,$fname) = ($file =~ m|^(.*)/([^/]+)$|);
        $fpath=$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$fpath;
        my $filepath = &build_filepath($fpath);
        if ($action eq 'copy') {
            if ($source eq '') {
                $fetchresult = 'no source file';
                return $fetchresult;
            } else {
                my $destination = $filepath.'/'.$fname;
                rename($source,$destination);
                $fetchresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file,
                                 $home);
            }
        } elsif ($action eq 'uploaddoc') {
            open(my $fh,'>',$filepath.'/'.$fname);
            print $fh $env{'form.'.$source};
            close($fh);
            if ($parser eq 'parse') {
                my $mm = new File::MMagic;
                my $type = $mm->checktype_filename($filepath.'/'.$fname);
                if ($type eq 'text/html') {
                    my $parse_result = &extract_embedded_items($filepath.'/'.$fname,$allfiles,$codebase);
                    unless ($parse_result eq 'ok') {
                        &logthis('Failed to parse '.$filepath.'/'.$fname.' for embedded media: '.$parse_result);
                    }
                }
                if (ref($mimetype)) {
                    $$mimetype = $type;
                } 
            }
            $fetchresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file,
                                 $home);
            if ($fetchresult eq 'ok') {
                return '/uploaded/'.$fpath.'/'.$fname;
            } else {
                &logthis('Failed to transfer '.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file.
                        ' to host '.$home.': '.$fetchresult);
                return '/adm/notfound.html';
            }
        }
    }
    unless ( $fetchresult eq 'ok') {
        &logthis('Failed to transfer '.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file.
             ' to host '.$home.': '.$fetchresult);
    }
    return $fetchresult;
}

sub build_filepath {
    my ($fpath) = @_;
    my $filepath=$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/userfiles';
    unless ($fpath eq '') {
        my @parts=split('/',$fpath);
        foreach my $part (@parts) {
            $filepath.= '/'.$part;
            if ((-e $filepath)!=1) {
                mkdir($filepath,0777);
            }
        }
    }
    return $filepath;
}

sub store_edited_file {
    my ($primary_url,$content,$docudom,$docuname,$fetchresult) = @_;
    my $file = $primary_url;
    $file =~ s#^/uploaded/$docudom/$docuname/##;
    my $fpath = '';
    my $fname = $file;
    ($fpath,$fname) = ($file =~ m|^(.*)/([^/]+)$|);
    $fpath=$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$fpath;
    my $filepath = &build_filepath($fpath);
    open(my $fh,'>',$filepath.'/'.$fname);
    print $fh $content;
    close($fh);
    my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);
    $$fetchresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file,
			  $home);
    if ($$fetchresult eq 'ok') {
        return '/uploaded/'.$fpath.'/'.$fname;
    } else {
        &logthis('Failed to transfer '.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$file.
		 ' to host '.$home.': '.$$fetchresult);
        return '/adm/notfound.html';
    }
}

sub clean_filename {
    my ($fname,$args)=@_;
# Replace Windows backslashes by forward slashes
    $fname=~s/\\/\//g;
    if (!$args->{'keep_path'}) {
        # Get rid of everything but the actual filename
	$fname=~s/^.*\/([^\/]+)$/$1/;
    }
# Replace spaces by underscores
    $fname=~s/\s+/\_/g;
# Transliterate non-ascii text to ascii
    my $lang = &Apache::lonlocal::current_language();
    $fname = &LONCAPA::transliterate::fname_to_ascii($fname,$lang);
# Replace all other weird characters by nothing
    $fname=~s{[^/\w\.\-]}{}g;
# Replace all .\d. sequences with _\d. so they no longer look like version
# numbers
    $fname=~s/\.(\d+)(?=\.)/_$1/g;
# Replace three or more adjacent underscores with one for consistency 
# with loncfile::filename_check() so complete url can be extracted by
# lonnet::decode_symb()
    $fname=~s/_{3,}/_/g;
    return $fname;
}

# This Function checks if an Image's dimensions exceed either $resizewidth (width) 
# or $resizeheight (height) - both pixels. If so, the image is scaled to produce an 
# image with the same aspect ratio as the original, but with dimensions which do 
# not exceed $resizewidth and $resizeheight.
 
sub resizeImage {
    my ($img_path,$resizewidth,$resizeheight) = @_;
    my $ima = Image::Magick->new;
    my $resized;
    if (-e $img_path) {
        $ima->Read($img_path);
        if (($resizewidth =~ /^\d+$/) && ($resizeheight > 0)) {
            my $width = $ima->Get('width');
            my $height = $ima->Get('height');
            if ($width > $resizewidth) {
	        my $factor = $width/$resizewidth;
                my $newheight = $height/$factor;
                $ima->Scale(width=>$resizewidth,height=>$newheight);
                $resized = 1;
            }
        }
        if (($resizeheight =~ /^\d+$/) && ($resizeheight > 0)) {
            my $width = $ima->Get('width');
            my $height = $ima->Get('height');
            if ($height > $resizeheight) {
                my $factor = $height/$resizeheight;
                my $newwidth = $width/$factor;
                $ima->Scale(width=>$newwidth,height=>$resizeheight);
                $resized = 1;
            }
        }
        if ($resized) {
            $ima->Write($img_path);
        }
    }
    return;
}

# --------------- Take an uploaded file and put it into the userfiles directory
# input: $formname - the contents of the file are in $env{"form.$formname"}
#                    the desired filename is in $env{"form.$formname.filename"}
#        $context - possible values: coursedoc, existingfile, overwrite, 
#                                    canceloverwrite, scantron, toollogo  or ''.
#                   if 'coursedoc': upload to the current course
#                   if 'existingfile': write file to tmp/overwrites directory 
#                   if 'canceloverwrite': delete file written to tmp/overwrites directory
#                   $context is passed as argument to &finishuserfileupload
#        $subdir - directory in userfile to store the file into
#        $parser - instruction to parse file for objects ($parser = parse) or
#                  if context is 'scantron', $parser is hashref of csv column mapping
#                  (e.g.,{ PaperID => 0, LastName => 1, FirstName => 2, ID => 3, 
#                          Section => 4, CODE => 5, FirstQuestion => 9 }).
#        $allfiles - reference to hash for embedded objects
#        $codebase - reference to hash for codebase of java objects
#        $destuname - username for permanent storage of uploaded file
#        $destudom - domain for permanaent storage of uploaded file
#        $thumbwidth - width (pixels) of thumbnail to make for uploaded image 
#        $thumbheight - height (pixels) of thumbnail to make for uploaded image
#        $resizewidth - width (pixels) to which to resize uploaded image
#        $resizeheight - height (pixels) to which to resize uploaded image
#        $mimetype - reference to scalar to accommodate mime type determined
#                    from File::MMagic.
# 
# output: url of file in userspace, or error: <message> 
#             or /adm/notfound.html if failure to upload occurse

sub userfileupload {
    my ($formname,$context,$subdir,$parser,$allfiles,$codebase,$destuname,
        $destudom,$thumbwidth,$thumbheight,$resizewidth,$resizeheight,$mimetype)=@_;
    if (!defined($subdir)) { $subdir='unknown'; }
    my $fname=$env{'form.'.$formname.'.filename'};
    $fname=&clean_filename($fname);
    # See if there is anything left
    unless ($fname) { return 'error: no uploaded file'; }
    # If filename now begins with a . prepend unix timestamp _ milliseconds
    if ($fname =~ /^\./) {
        my ($s,$usec) = &gettimeofday();
        while (length($usec) < 6) {
            $usec = '0'.$usec;
        }
        $fname = $s.'_'.substr($usec,0,3).$fname;
    }
    # Files uploaded to help request form, or uploaded to "create course" page are handled differently
    if ((($formname eq 'screenshot') && ($subdir eq 'helprequests')) ||
        (($formname eq 'coursecreatorxml') && ($subdir eq 'batchupload')) ||
         ($context eq 'existingfile') || ($context eq 'canceloverwrite')) {
        my $now = time;
        my $filepath;
        if (($formname eq 'screenshot') && ($subdir eq 'helprequests')) {
             $filepath = 'tmp/helprequests/'.$now;
        } elsif (($formname eq 'coursecreatorxml') && ($subdir eq 'batchupload')) {
             $filepath = 'tmp/addcourse/'.$destudom.'/web/'.$env{'user.name'}.
                         '_'.$env{'user.domain'}.'/pending';
        } elsif (($context eq 'existingfile') || ($context eq 'canceloverwrite')) {
            my ($docuname,$docudom);
            if ($destudom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
                $docudom = $destudom;
            } else {
                $docudom = $env{'user.domain'};
            }
            if ($destuname =~ /^$match_username$/) {
                $docuname = $destuname;
            } else {
                $docuname = $env{'user.name'};
            }
            if (exists($env{'form.group'})) {
                $docuname=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
                $docudom=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
            }
            $filepath = 'tmp/overwrites/'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$subdir;
            if ($context eq 'canceloverwrite') {
                my $tempfile =  $perlvar{'lonDaemons'}.'/'.$filepath.'/'.$fname;
                if (-e  $tempfile) {
                    my @info = stat($tempfile);
                    if ($info[9] eq $env{'form.timestamp'}) {
                        unlink($tempfile);
                    }
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        # Create the directory if not present
        my @parts=split(/\//,$filepath);
        my $fullpath = $perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
        for (my $i=0;$i<@parts;$i++) {
            $fullpath .= '/'.$parts[$i];
            if ((-e $fullpath)!=1) {
                mkdir($fullpath,0777);
            }
        }
        open(my $fh,'>',$fullpath.'/'.$fname);
        print $fh $env{'form.'.$formname};
        close($fh);
        if ($context eq 'existingfile') {
            my @info = stat($fullpath.'/'.$fname);
            return ($fullpath.'/'.$fname,$info[9]);
        } else {
            return $fullpath.'/'.$fname;
        }
    }
    if ($subdir eq 'scantron') {
        $fname = 'scantron_orig_'.$fname;
    } else {
        $fname="$subdir/$fname";
    }
    if ($context eq 'coursedoc') {
	my $docuname=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
	my $docudom=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
        if ($env{'form.folder'} =~ m/^(default|supplemental)/) {
            return &finishuserfileupload($docuname,$docudom,
					 $formname,$fname,$parser,$allfiles,
					 $codebase,$thumbwidth,$thumbheight,
                                         $resizewidth,$resizeheight,$context,$mimetype);
        } else {
            if ($env{'form.folder'}) {
                $fname=$env{'form.folder'}.'/'.$fname;
            }
            return &process_coursefile('uploaddoc',$docuname,$docudom,
				       $fname,$formname,$parser,
				       $allfiles,$codebase,$mimetype);
        }
    } elsif (defined($destuname)) {
        my $docuname=$destuname;
        my $docudom=$destudom;
	return &finishuserfileupload($docuname,$docudom,$formname,$fname,
				     $parser,$allfiles,$codebase,
                                     $thumbwidth,$thumbheight,
                                     $resizewidth,$resizeheight,$context,$mimetype);
    } else {
        my $docuname=$env{'user.name'};
        my $docudom=$env{'user.domain'};
        if ((exists($env{'form.group'})) || ($context eq 'syllabus')) {
            $docuname=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
            $docudom=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
        }
	return &finishuserfileupload($docuname,$docudom,$formname,$fname,
				     $parser,$allfiles,$codebase,
                                     $thumbwidth,$thumbheight,
                                     $resizewidth,$resizeheight,$context,$mimetype);
    }
}

sub finishuserfileupload {
    my ($docuname,$docudom,$formname,$fname,$parser,$allfiles,$codebase,
        $thumbwidth,$thumbheight,$resizewidth,$resizeheight,$context,$mimetype) = @_;
    my $path=$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/';
    my $filepath=$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'};
  
    my ($fnamepath,$file,$fetchthumb);
    $file=$fname;
    if ($fname=~m|/|) {
        ($fnamepath,$file) = ($fname =~ m|^(.*)/([^/]+)$|);
	$path.=$fnamepath.'/';
    }
    my @parts=split(/\//,$filepath.'/userfiles/'.$path);
    my $count;
    for ($count=4;$count<=$#parts;$count++) {
        $filepath.="/$parts[$count]";
        if ((-e $filepath)!=1) {
	    mkdir($filepath,0777);
        }
    }

# Save the file
    {
	if (!open(FH,'>',$filepath.'/'.$file)) {
	    &logthis('Failed to create '.$filepath.'/'.$file);
	    print STDERR ('Failed to create '.$filepath.'/'.$file."\n");
	    return '/adm/notfound.html';
	}
        if ($context eq 'overwrite') {
            my $source =  LONCAPA::tempdir().'/overwrites/'.$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$fname;
            my $target = $filepath.'/'.$file;
            if (-e $source) {
                my @info = stat($source);
                if ($info[9] eq $env{'form.timestamp'}) {   
                    unless (&File::Copy::move($source,$target)) {
                        &logthis('Failed to overwrite '.$filepath.'/'.$file);
                        return "Moving from $source failed";
                    }
                } else {
                    return "Temporary file: $source had unexpected date/time for last modification";
                }
            } else {
                return "Temporary file: $source missing";
            }
        } elsif (!print FH ($env{'form.'.$formname})) {
	    &logthis('Failed to write to '.$filepath.'/'.$file);
	    print STDERR ('Failed to write to '.$filepath.'/'.$file."\n");
	    return '/adm/notfound.html';
	}
	close(FH);
        if ($resizewidth && $resizeheight) {
            my $mm = new File::MMagic;
            my $mime_type = $mm->checktype_filename($filepath.'/'.$file);
            if ($mime_type =~ m{^image/}) {
	        &resizeImage($filepath.'/'.$file,$resizewidth,$resizeheight);
            }  
	}
    }
    if (($context eq 'coursedoc') || ($parser eq 'parse')) {
        if (ref($mimetype)) {
            if ($$mimetype eq '') {
                my $mm = new File::MMagic;
                my $type = $mm->checktype_filename($filepath.'/'.$file);
                $$mimetype = $type;
            }
        }
    }
    if (($context ne 'scantron') && ($parser eq 'parse')) {
        if ((ref($mimetype)) && ($$mimetype eq 'text/html')) {
            my $parse_result = &extract_embedded_items($filepath.'/'.$file,
                                                       $allfiles,$codebase);
            unless ($parse_result eq 'ok') {
                &logthis('Failed to parse '.$filepath.$file.
	   	         ' for embedded media: '.$parse_result); 
            }
        }
    } elsif (($context eq 'scantron') && (ref($parser) eq 'HASH')) {
        my $format = $env{'form.scantron_format'};
        &bubblesheet_converter($docudom,$filepath.'/'.$file,$parser,$format);
    }
    if (($thumbwidth =~ /^\d+$/) && ($thumbheight =~ /^\d+$/)) {
        my $input = $filepath.'/'.$file;
        my $output = $filepath.'/'.'tn-'.$file;
        my $makethumb; 
        my $thumbsize = $thumbwidth.'x'.$thumbheight;
        if ($context eq 'toollogo') {
            my ($fullwidth,$fullheight) = &check_dimensions($input);
            if ($fullwidth ne '' && $fullheight ne '') {
                if ($fullwidth > $thumbwidth && $fullheight > $thumbheight) {
                    $makethumb = 1;
                }
            }
        } else {
            $makethumb = 1;
        }
        if ($makethumb) {
            my @args = ('convert','-sample',$thumbsize,$input,$output);
            system({$args[0]} @args);
            if (-e $filepath.'/'.'tn-'.$file) {
                $fetchthumb  = 1; 
            }
        }
    }
 
# Notify homeserver to grep it
#
    my $docuhome=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);	
    my $fetchresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$path.$file,$docuhome);
    if ($fetchresult eq 'ok') {
        if ($fetchthumb) {
            my $thumbresult= &reply('fetchuserfile:'.$path.'tn-'.$file,$docuhome);
            if ($thumbresult ne 'ok') {
                &logthis('Failed to transfer '.$path.'tn-'.$file.' to host '.
                         $docuhome.': '.$thumbresult);
            }
        }
#
# Return the URL to it
        return '/uploaded/'.$path.$file;
    } else {
        &logthis('Failed to transfer '.$path.$file.' to host '.$docuhome.
		 ': '.$fetchresult);
        return '/adm/notfound.html';
    }
}

sub extract_embedded_items {
    my ($fullpath,$allfiles,$codebase,$content) = @_;
    my @state = ();
    my (%lastids,%related,%shockwave,%flashvars);
    my %javafiles = (
                      codebase => '',
                      code => '',
                      archive => ''
                    );
    my %mediafiles = (
                      src => '',
                      movie => '',
                     );
    my $p;
    if ($content) {
        $p = HTML::LCParser->new($content);
    } else {
        $p = HTML::LCParser->new($fullpath);
    }
    while (my $t=$p->get_token()) {
	if ($t->[0] eq 'S') {
	    my ($tagname, $attr) = ($t->[1],$t->[2]);
	    push(@state, $tagname);
            if (lc($tagname) eq 'allow') {
                &add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{'src'},'src');
            }
	    if (lc($tagname) eq 'img') {
		&add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{'src'},'src');
	    }
	    if (lc($tagname) eq 'a') {
                unless (($attr->{'href'} =~ /^#/) || ($attr->{'href'} eq '')) {
                    &add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{'href'},'href');
                }
	    }
            if (lc($tagname) eq 'script') {
                my $src;
                if ($attr->{'archive'} =~ /\.jar$/i) {
                    &add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{'archive'},'archive');
                } else {
                    if ($attr->{'src'} ne '') {
                        $src = $attr->{'src'};
                        &add_filetype($allfiles,$src,'src');
                    }
                }
                my $text = $p->get_trimmed_text();
                if ($text =~ /\Qswfobject.registerObject(\E([^\)]+)\)/) {
                    my @swfargs = split(/,/,$1);
                    foreach my $item (@swfargs) {
                        $item =~ s/["']//g;
                        $item =~ s/^\s+//;
                        $item =~ s/\s+$//;
                    }
                    if (($swfargs[0] ne'') && ($swfargs[2] ne '')) {
                        if (ref($related{$swfargs[0]}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                            push(@{$related{$swfargs[0]}},$swfargs[2]);
                        } else {
                            $related{$swfargs[0]} = [$swfargs[2]];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (lc($tagname) eq 'link') {
                if (lc($attr->{'rel'}) eq 'stylesheet') { 
                    &add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{'href'},'href');
                }
            }
	    if (lc($tagname) eq 'object' ||
		(lc($tagname) eq 'embed' && lc($state[-2]) ne 'object')) {
		foreach my $item (keys(%javafiles)) {
		    $javafiles{$item} = '';
		}
                if ((lc($tagname) eq 'object') && (lc($state[-2]) ne 'object')) {
                    $lastids{lc($tagname)} = $attr->{'id'};
                }
	    }
	    if (lc($state[-2]) eq 'object' && lc($tagname) eq 'param') {
		my $name = lc($attr->{'name'});
		foreach my $item (keys(%javafiles)) {
		    if ($name eq $item) {
			$javafiles{$item} = $attr->{'value'};
			last;
		    }
		}
                my $pathfrom;
		foreach my $item (keys(%mediafiles)) {
		    if ($name eq $item) {
                        $pathfrom = $attr->{'value'};
                        $shockwave{$lastids{lc($state[-2])}} = $pathfrom;
			&add_filetype($allfiles,$pathfrom,$name);
			last;
		    }
		}
                if ($name eq 'flashvars') {
                    $flashvars{$lastids{lc($state[-2])}} = $attr->{'value'};
                }
                if ($pathfrom ne '') {
                    &embedded_dependency($allfiles,\%related,$lastids{lc($state[-2])},
                                         $pathfrom);
                }
	    }
	    if (lc($tagname) eq 'embed' || lc($tagname) eq 'applet') {
		foreach my $item (keys(%javafiles)) {
		    if ($attr->{$item}) {
			$javafiles{$item} = $attr->{$item};
			last;
		    }
		}
		foreach my $item (keys(%mediafiles)) {
		    if ($attr->{$item}) {
			&add_filetype($allfiles,$attr->{$item},$item);
			last;
		    }
		}
                if (lc($tagname) eq 'embed') {
                    if (($attr->{'name'} ne '') && ($attr->{'src'} ne '')) {
                        &embedded_dependency($allfiles,\%related,$attr->{'name'},
                                             $attr->{'src'});
                    }
                }
	    }
            if (lc($tagname) eq 'iframe') {
                my $src = $attr->{'src'} ;
                if (($src ne '') && ($src !~ m{^(/|https?://)})) {
                    &add_filetype($allfiles,$src,'src');
                } elsif ($src =~ m{^/}) {
                    if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
                        my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
                        my $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
                        my $url = &hreflocation('',$fullpath);
                        if ($url =~ m{^/uploaded/$cdom/$cnum/docs/(\w+/\d+)/}) {
                            my $relpath = $1;
                            if ($src =~ m{^/uploaded/$cdom/$cnum/docs/\Q$relpath\E/(.+)$}) {
                                &add_filetype($allfiles,$1,'src');
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($t->[4] =~ m{/>$}) {
                pop(@state);
            }
	} elsif ($t->[0] eq 'E') {
	    my ($tagname) = ($t->[1]);
	    if ($javafiles{'codebase'} ne '') {
		$javafiles{'codebase'} .= '/';
	    }  
	    if (lc($tagname) eq 'applet' ||
		lc($tagname) eq 'object' ||
		(lc($tagname) eq 'embed' && lc($state[-2]) ne 'object')
		) {
		foreach my $item (keys(%javafiles)) {
		    if ($item ne 'codebase' && $javafiles{$item} ne '') {
			my $file=$javafiles{'codebase'}.$javafiles{$item};
			&add_filetype($allfiles,$file,$item);
		    }
		}
	    } 
	    pop @state;
	}
    }
    foreach my $id (sort(keys(%flashvars))) {
        if ($shockwave{$id} ne '') {
            my @pairs = split(/\&/,$flashvars{$id});
            foreach my $pair (@pairs) {
                my ($key,$value) = split(/\=/,$pair);
                if ($key eq 'thumb') {
                    &add_filetype($allfiles,$value,$key);
                } elsif ($key eq 'content') {
                    my ($path) = ($shockwave{$id} =~ m{^(.+/)[^/]+$});
                    my ($ext) = ($value =~ /\.([^.]+)$/);
                    if ($ext ne '') {
                        &add_filetype($allfiles,$path.$value,$ext);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 'ok';
}

sub add_filetype {
    my ($allfiles,$file,$type)=@_;
    if (exists($allfiles->{$file})) {
	unless (grep/^\Q$type\E$/, @{$allfiles->{$file}}) {
	    push(@{$allfiles->{$file}}, &escape($type));
	}
    } else {
	@{$allfiles->{$file}} = (&escape($type));
    }
}

sub embedded_dependency {
    my ($allfiles,$related,$identifier,$pathfrom) = @_;
    if ((ref($allfiles) eq 'HASH') && (ref($related) eq 'HASH')) {
        if (($identifier ne '') &&
            (ref($related->{$identifier}) eq 'ARRAY') &&
            ($pathfrom ne '')) {
            my ($path) = ($pathfrom =~ m{^(.+/)[^/]+$});
            foreach my $dep (@{$related->{$identifier}}) {
                &add_filetype($allfiles,$path.$dep,'object');
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub check_dimensions {
    my ($inputfile) = @_;
    my ($fullwidth,$fullheight);
    if (($inputfile =~ m|^[/\w.\-]+$|) && (-e $inputfile)) {
        my $mm = new File::MMagic;
        my $mime_type = $mm->checktype_filename($inputfile);
        if ($mime_type =~ m{^image/}) {
            if (open(PIPE,"identify $inputfile 2>&1 |")) {
                my $imageinfo = <PIPE>;
                if (!close(PIPE)) {
                    &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Failed to close PIPE opened to retrieve image information for $inputfile");
                }
                chomp($imageinfo);
                my ($fullsize) =
                    ($imageinfo =~ /^\Q$inputfile\E\s+\w+\s+(\d+x\d+)/);
                if ($fullsize) {
                    ($fullwidth,$fullheight) = split(/x/,$fullsize);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ($fullwidth,$fullheight);
}

sub bubblesheet_converter {
    my ($cdom,$fullpath,$config,$format) = @_;
    if ((&domain($cdom) ne '') &&
        ($fullpath =~ m{^\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}/userfiles/$cdom/\E$match_courseid/scantron_orig}) &&
        (-e $fullpath) && (ref($config) eq 'HASH') && ($format ne '')) {
        my (%csvcols,%csvoptions);
        if (ref($config->{'fields'}) eq 'HASH') {  
            %csvcols = %{$config->{'fields'}};
        }
        if (ref($config->{'options'}) eq 'HASH') {
            %csvoptions = %{$config->{'options'}};
        }
        my %csvbynum = reverse(%csvcols);
        my %scantronconf = &get_scantron_config($format,$cdom);
        if (keys(%scantronconf)) {
            my %bynum = (
                          $scantronconf{CODEstart} => 'CODEstart',
                          $scantronconf{IDstart}   => 'IDstart',
                          $scantronconf{PaperID}   => 'PaperID',
                          $scantronconf{FirstName} => 'FirstName',
                          $scantronconf{LastName}  => 'LastName',
                          $scantronconf{Qstart}    => 'Qstart',
                        );
            my @ordered;
            foreach my $item (sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%bynum)) {
                push(@ordered,$bynum{$item});
            }
            my %mapstart = (
                              CODEstart => 'CODE',
                              IDstart   => 'ID',
                              PaperID   => 'PaperID',
                              FirstName => 'FirstName',
                              LastName  => 'LastName',
                              Qstart    => 'FirstQuestion',
                           );
            my %maplength = (
                              CODEstart => 'CODElength',
                              IDstart   => 'IDlength',
                              PaperID   => 'PaperIDlength',
                              FirstName => 'FirstNamelength',
                              LastName  => 'LastNamelength',
            );
            if (open(my $fh,'<',$fullpath)) {
                my $output;
                my %lettdig = &letter_to_digits();
                my %diglett = reverse(%lettdig);
                my $numletts = scalar(keys(%lettdig));
                my $num = 0;
                while (my $line=<$fh>) {
                    $num ++;
                    next if (($num == 1) && ($csvoptions{'hdr'} == 1));
                    $line =~ s{[\r\n]+$}{};
                    my %found;
                    my @values = split(/,/,$line,-1);
                    my ($qstart,$record);
                    for (my $i=0; $i<@values; $i++) {
                        if ((($qstart ne '') && ($i > $qstart)) ||
                            ($csvbynum{$i} eq 'FirstQuestion')) {
                            if ($values[$i] eq '') {
                                $values[$i] = $scantronconf{'Qoff'};
                            } elsif ($scantronconf{'Qon'} eq 'number') {
                                if ($values[$i] =~ /^[A-Ja-j]$/) {
                                    $values[$i] = $lettdig{uc($values[$i])};
                                }
                            } elsif ($scantronconf{'Qon'} eq 'letter') {
                                if ($values[$i] =~ /^[0-9]$/) {
                                    $values[$i] = $diglett{$values[$i]};
                                }
                            } else {
                                if ($values[$i] =~ /^[0-9A-Ja-j]$/) {
                                    my $digit;
                                    if ($values[$i] =~ /^[A-Ja-j]$/) {
                                        $digit = $lettdig{uc($values[$i])}-1;
                                        if ($values[$i] eq 'J') {
                                            $digit += $numletts;
                                        }
                                    } elsif ($values[$i] =~ /^[0-9]$/) {
                                        $digit = $values[$i]-1;
                                        if ($values[$i] eq '0') {
                                            $digit += $numletts;
                                        }
                                    }
                                    my $qval='';
                                    for (my $j=0; $j<$scantronconf{'Qlength'}; $j++) {
                                        if ($j == $digit) {
                                            $qval .= $scantronconf{'Qon'};
                                        } else {
                                            $qval .= $scantronconf{'Qoff'};
                                        }
                                    }
                                    $values[$i] = $qval;
                                }
                            }
                            if (length($values[$i]) > $scantronconf{'Qlength'}) {
                                $values[$i] = substr($values[$i],0,$scantronconf{'Qlength'});
                            }
                            my $numblank = $scantronconf{'Qlength'} - length($values[$i]);
                            if ($numblank > 0) {
                                 $values[$i] .= ($scantronconf{'Qoff'} x $numblank);
                            }
                            if ($csvbynum{$i} eq 'FirstQuestion') {
                                $qstart = $i;
                                $found{$csvbynum{$i}} = $values[$i];
                            } else {
                                $found{'FirstQuestion'} .= $values[$i];
                            }
                        } elsif (exists($csvbynum{$i})) {
                            if ($csvoptions{'rem'}) {
                                $values[$i] =~ s/^\s+//;
                            }
                            if (($csvbynum{$i} eq 'PaperID') && ($csvoptions{'pad'})) {
                                while (length($values[$i]) < $scantronconf{$maplength{$csvbynum{$i}}}) {
                                    $values[$i] = '0'.$values[$i];
                                }
                            }
                            $found{$csvbynum{$i}} = $values[$i];
                        }
                    }
                    foreach my $item (@ordered) {
                        my $currlength = 1+length($record);
                        my $numspaces = $scantronconf{$item} - $currlength;
                        if ($numspaces > 0) {
                            $record .= (' ' x $numspaces);
                        }
                        if (($mapstart{$item} ne '') && (exists($found{$mapstart{$item}}))) {
                            unless ($item eq 'Qstart') {
                                if (length($found{$mapstart{$item}}) > $scantronconf{$maplength{$item}}) {
                                    $found{$mapstart{$item}} = substr($found{$mapstart{$item}},0,$scantronconf{$maplength{$item}});
                                }
                            }
                            $record .= $found{$mapstart{$item}};
                        }
                    }
                    $output .= "$record\n";
                }
                close($fh);
                if ($output) {
                    if (open(my $fh,'>',$fullpath)) {
                        print $fh $output;
                        close($fh);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return;
    }
}

sub letter_to_digits {
    my %lettdig = (
                    A => 1,
                    B => 2,
                    C => 3,
                    D => 4,
                    E => 5,
                    F => 6,
                    G => 7,
                    H => 8,
                    I => 9,
                    J => 0,
                  );
    return %lettdig;
}

sub get_scantron_config {
    my ($which,$cdom) = @_;
    my @lines = &get_scantronformat_file($cdom);
    my %config;
    #FIXME probably should move to XML it has already gotten a bit much now
    foreach my $line (@lines) {
        my ($name,$descrip)=split(/:/,$line);
        if ($name ne $which ) { next; }
        chomp($line);
        my @config=split(/:/,$line);
        $config{'name'}=$config[0];
        $config{'description'}=$config[1];
        $config{'CODElocation'}=$config[2];
        $config{'CODEstart'}=$config[3];
        $config{'CODElength'}=$config[4];
        $config{'IDstart'}=$config[5];
        $config{'IDlength'}=$config[6];
        $config{'Qstart'}=$config[7];
        $config{'Qlength'}=$config[8];
        $config{'Qoff'}=$config[9];
        $config{'Qon'}=$config[10];
        $config{'PaperID'}=$config[11];
        $config{'PaperIDlength'}=$config[12];
        $config{'FirstName'}=$config[13];
        $config{'FirstNamelength'}=$config[14];
        $config{'LastName'}=$config[15];
        $config{'LastNamelength'}=$config[16];
        $config{'BubblesPerRow'}=$config[17];
        last;
    }
    return %config;
}

sub get_scantronformat_file {
    my ($cdom) = @_;
    if ($cdom eq '') {
        $cdom= $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    }
    my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['scantron'],$cdom);
    my $gottab = 0;
    my @lines;
    if (ref($domconfig{'scantron'}) eq 'HASH') {
        if ($domconfig{'scantron'}{'scantronformat'} ne '') {
            my $formatfile = &getfile($perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.$domconfig{'scantron'}{'scantronformat'});
            if ($formatfile ne '-1') {
                @lines = split("\n",$formatfile,-1);
                $gottab = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    if (!$gottab) {
        my $confname = $cdom.'-domainconfig';
        my $default = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/res/'.$cdom.'/'.$confname.'/default.tab';
        my $formatfile = &getfile($default);
        if ($formatfile ne '-1') {
            @lines = split("\n",$formatfile,-1);
            $gottab = 1;
        }
    }
    if (!$gottab) {
        my @domains = &current_machine_domains();
        if (grep(/^\Q$cdom\E$/,@domains)) {
            if (open(my $fh,'<',$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/scantronformat.tab')) {
                @lines = <$fh>;
                close($fh);
            }
        } else {
            if (open(my $fh,'<',$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/default_scantronformat.tab')) {
                @lines = <$fh>;
                close($fh);
            }
        }
        chomp(@lines);
    }
    return @lines;
}

sub removeuploadedurl {
    my ($url)=@_;	
    my (undef,undef,$udom,$uname,$fname)=split('/',$url,5);    
    return &removeuserfile($uname,$udom,$fname);
}

sub removeuserfile {
    my ($docuname,$docudom,$fname)=@_;
    my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);    
    my $result = &reply("removeuserfile:$docudom/$docuname/$fname",$home);
    if ($result eq 'ok') {	
        if (($fname !~ /\.meta$/) && (&is_portfolio_file($fname))) {
            my $metafile = $fname.'.meta';
            my $metaresult = &removeuserfile($docuname,$docudom,$metafile); 
	    my $url = "/uploaded/$docudom/$docuname/$fname";
            my ($file,$group) = (&parse_portfolio_url($url))[3,4];	   
            my $sqlresult = 
                &update_portfolio_table($docuname,$docudom,$file,
                                        'portfolio_metadata',$group,
                                        'delete');
        }
    }
    return $result;
}

sub mkdiruserfile {
    my ($docuname,$docudom,$dir)=@_;
    my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);
    return &reply("mkdiruserfile:".&escape("$docudom/$docuname/$dir"),$home);
}

sub renameuserfile {
    my ($docuname,$docudom,$old,$new)=@_;
    my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);
    my $result = &reply("renameuserfile:$docudom:$docuname:".
                        &escape("$old").':'.&escape("$new"),$home);
    if ($result eq 'ok') {
        if (($old !~ /\.meta$/) && (&is_portfolio_file($old))) {
            my $oldmeta = $old.'.meta';
            my $newmeta = $new.'.meta';
            my $metaresult = 
                &renameuserfile($docuname,$docudom,$oldmeta,$newmeta);
	    my $url = "/uploaded/$docudom/$docuname/$old";
            my ($file,$group) = (&parse_portfolio_url($url))[3,4];
            my $sqlresult = 
                &update_portfolio_table($docuname,$docudom,$file,
                                        'portfolio_metadata',$group,
                                        'delete');
        }
    }
    return $result;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Log

sub log {
    my ($dom,$nam,$hom,$what)=@_;
    return critical("log:$dom:$nam:$what",$hom);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------ Course Log
#
# This routine flushes several buffers of non-mission-critical nature
#

sub flushcourselogs {
    &logthis('Flushing log buffers');
#
# course logs
# This is a log of all transactions in a course, which can be used
# for data mining purposes
#
# It also collects the courseid database, which lists last transaction
# times and course titles for all courseids
#
    my %courseidbuffer=();
    foreach my $crsid (keys(%courselogs)) {
        if (&reply('log:'.$coursedombuf{$crsid}.':'.$coursenumbuf{$crsid}.':'.
		          &escape($courselogs{$crsid}),
		          $coursehombuf{$crsid}) eq 'ok') {
	    delete $courselogs{$crsid};
        } else {
            &logthis('Failed to flush log buffer for '.$crsid);
            if (length($courselogs{$crsid})>40000) {
               &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING: Buffer for ".$crsid.
                        " exceeded maximum size, deleting.</font>");
               delete $courselogs{$crsid};
            }
        }
        $courseidbuffer{$coursehombuf{$crsid}}{$crsid} = {
            'description' => $coursedescrbuf{$crsid},
            'inst_code'    => $courseinstcodebuf{$crsid},
            'type'        => $coursetypebuf{$crsid},
            'owner'       => $courseownerbuf{$crsid},
        };
    }
#
# Write course id database (reverse lookup) to homeserver of courses 
# Is used in pickcourse
#
    foreach my $crs_home (keys(%courseidbuffer)) {
        my $response = &courseidput(&host_domain($crs_home),
                                    $courseidbuffer{$crs_home},
                                    $crs_home,'timeonly');
    }
#
# File accesses
# Writes to the dynamic metadata of resources to get hit counts, etc.
#
    foreach my $entry (keys(%accesshash)) {
        if ($entry =~ /___count$/) {
            my ($dom,$name);
            ($dom,$name,undef)=
		($entry=~m{___($match_domain)/($match_name)/(.*)___count$});
            if (! defined($dom) || $dom eq '' || 
                ! defined($name) || $name eq '') {
                my $cid = $env{'request.course.id'};
#
# FIXME 11/29/2021
# Typo in rev. 1.458 (2003/12/09)??
# These should likely by $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'} and $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'}
#
# While these remain as $env{'request.'.$cid.'.domain'} and $env{'request.'.$cid.'.num'}
# $dom and $name will always be null, so the &inc() call will default to storing this data
# in a nohist_accesscount.db file for the user rather than the course.
#
# That said there is a lot of noise in the data being stored.
# So counts for prtspool/  and adm/ etc. are recorded.
#
# A review of which items ending '___count' are written to %accesshash should likely be 
# made before deciding whether to set these to 'course.' instead of 'request.'
#
# Under the current scheme each user receives a nohist_accesscount.db file listing 
# accesses for things which are not published resources, regardless of course, and
# there is not a nohist_accesscount.db file in a course, which might log accesses from
# anyone in the course for things which are not published resources.
#
# For an author, nohist_accesscount.db ends up having records for other items
# mixed up with the legitimate access counts for the author's published resources.
#
                $dom  = $env{'request.'.$cid.'.domain'};
                $name = $env{'request.'.$cid.'.num'};
            }
            my $value = $accesshash{$entry};
            my (undef,$url,undef) = ($entry =~ /^(.*)___(.*)___count$/);
            my %temphash=($url => $value);
            my $result = &inc('nohist_accesscount',\%temphash,$dom,$name);
            if ($result eq 'ok') {
                delete $accesshash{$entry};
            }
        } else {
            my ($dom,$name) = ($entry=~m{___($match_domain)/($match_name)/(.*)___(\w+)$});
            if (($dom eq 'uploaded') || ($dom eq 'adm')) { next; }
            my %temphash=($entry => $accesshash{$entry});
            if (&put('nohist_resevaldata',\%temphash,$dom,$name) eq 'ok') {
                delete $accesshash{$entry};
            }
        }
    }
#
# Roles
# Reverse lookup of user roles for course faculty/staff and co-authorship
#
    foreach my $entry (keys(%userrolehash)) {
        my ($role,$uname,$udom,$runame,$rudom,$rsec)=
	    split(/\:/,$entry);
        if (&put('nohist_userroles',
             { $role.':'.$uname.':'.$udom.':'.$rsec => $userrolehash{$entry} },
                $rudom,$runame) eq 'ok') {
	    delete $userrolehash{$entry};
        }
    }
#
# Reverse lookup of domain roles (dc, ad, li, sc, dh, da, au)
#
    my %domrolebuffer = ();
    foreach my $entry (keys(%domainrolehash)) {
        my ($role,$uname,$udom,$runame,$rudom,$rsec)=split(/:/,$entry);
        if ($domrolebuffer{$rudom}) {
            $domrolebuffer{$rudom}.='&'.&escape($entry).
                      '='.&escape($domainrolehash{$entry});
        } else {
            $domrolebuffer{$rudom}.=&escape($entry).
                      '='.&escape($domainrolehash{$entry});
        }
        delete $domainrolehash{$entry};
    }
    foreach my $dom (keys(%domrolebuffer)) {
	my %servers;
	if (defined(&domain($dom,'primary'))) {
	    my $primary=&domain($dom,'primary');
	    my $hostname=&hostname($primary);
	    $servers{$primary} = $hostname;
	} else { 
	    %servers = &get_servers($dom,'library');
	}
	foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
	    if (&reply('domroleput:'.$dom.':'.
		       $domrolebuffer{$dom},$tryserver) eq 'ok') {
		last;
	    } else {  
		&logthis('Put of domain roles failed for '.$dom.' and  '.$tryserver);
	    }
        }
    }
    $dumpcount++;
}

sub courselog {
    my $what=shift;
    $what=time.':'.$what;
    unless ($env{'request.course.id'}) { return ''; }
    $coursedombuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    $coursenumbuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
    $coursehombuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.home'};
    $coursedescrbuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.description'};
    $courseinstcodebuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.coursecode'};
    $courseownerbuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.courseowner'};
    $coursetypebuf{$env{'request.course.id'}}=
       $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.type'};
    if (defined $courselogs{$env{'request.course.id'}}) {
	$courselogs{$env{'request.course.id'}}.='&'.$what;
    } else {
	$courselogs{$env{'request.course.id'}}.=$what;
    }
    if (length($courselogs{$env{'request.course.id'}})>4048) {
	&flushcourselogs();
    }
}

sub courseacclog {
    my $fnsymb=shift;
    unless ($env{'request.course.id'}) { return ''; }
    my $what=$fnsymb.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
    if ($fnsymb=~/$LONCAPA::assess_re/) {
        $what.=':POST';
        # FIXME: Probably ought to escape things....
	foreach my $key (keys(%env)) {
            if ($key=~/^form\.(.*)/) {
                my $formitem = $1;
                if ($formitem =~ /^HWFILE(?:SIZE|TOOBIG)/) {
                    $what.=':'.$formitem.'='.$env{$key};
                } elsif ($formitem !~ /^HWFILE(?:[^.]+)$/) {
                    if ($formitem eq 'proctorpassword') {
                        $what.=':'.$formitem.'=' . '*' x length($env{$key});
                    } else {
                        $what.=':'.$formitem.'='.$env{$key};
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } elsif ($fnsymb =~ m:^/adm/searchcat:) {
        # FIXME: We should not be depending on a form parameter that someone
        # editing lonsearchcat.pm might change in the future.
        if ($env{'form.phase'} eq 'course_search') {
            $what.= ':POST';
            # FIXME: Probably ought to escape things....
            foreach my $element ('courseexp','crsfulltext','crsrelated',
                                 'crsdiscuss') {
                $what.=':'.$element.'='.$env{'form.'.$element};
            }
        }
    }
    &courselog($what);
}

sub countacc {
    my $url=&declutter(shift);
    return if (! defined($url) || $url eq '');
    unless ($env{'request.course.id'}) { return ''; }
#
# Mark that this url was used in this course
#
    $accesshash{$env{'request.course.id'}.'___'.$url.'___course'}=1;
#
# Increase the access count for this resource in this child process
#
    my $key=$$.$processmarker.'_'.$dumpcount.'___'.$url.'___count';
    $accesshash{$key}++;
}

sub linklog {
    my ($from,$to)=@_;
    $from=&declutter($from);
    $to=&declutter($to);
    $accesshash{$from.'___'.$to.'___comefrom'}=1;
    $accesshash{$to.'___'.$from.'___goto'}=1;
}

sub statslog {
    my ($symb,$part,$users,$av_attempts,$degdiff)=@_;
    if ($users<2) { return; }
    my %dynstore=&LONCAPA::lonmetadata::dynamic_metadata_storage({
            'course'       => $env{'request.course.id'},
            'sections'     => '"all"',
            'num_students' => $users,
            'part'         => $part,
            'symb'         => $symb,
            'mean_tries'   => $av_attempts,
            'deg_of_diff'  => $degdiff});
    foreach my $key (keys(%dynstore)) {
        $accesshash{$key}=$dynstore{$key};
    }
}
  
sub userrolelog {
    my ($trole,$username,$domain,$area,$tstart,$tend)=@_;
    if ( $trole =~ /^(ca|aa|in|cc|ep|cr|ta|co)/ ) {
       my (undef,$rudom,$runame,$rsec)=split(/\//,$area);
       $userrolehash
         {$trole.':'.$username.':'.$domain.':'.$runame.':'.$rudom.':'.$rsec}
                    =$tend.':'.$tstart;
    }
    if ($env{'request.role'} =~ /dc\./ && $trole =~ /^(au|in|cc|ep|cr|ta|co)/) {
       $userrolehash
         {$trole.':'.$username.':'.$domain.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}.':'}
                    =$tend.':'.$tstart;
    }
    if ($trole =~ /^(dc|ad|li|au|dg|sc|dh|da)/ ) {
       my (undef,$rudom,$runame,$rsec)=split(/\//,$area);
       $domainrolehash
         {$trole.':'.$username.':'.$domain.':'.$runame.':'.$rudom.':'.$rsec}
                    = $tend.':'.$tstart;
    }
}

sub courserolelog {
    my ($trole,$username,$domain,$area,$tstart,$tend,$delflag,$selfenroll,
        $context,$othdomby,$requester)=@_;
    if ($area =~ m-^/($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/?([^/]*)-) {
        my $cdom = $1;
        my $cnum = $2;
        my $sec = $3;
        my $namespace = 'rolelog';
        my %storehash = (
                           role    => $trole,
                           start   => $tstart,
                           end     => $tend,
                           selfenroll => $selfenroll,
                           context    => $context,
                        );
        if ($othdomby) {
            if ($othdomby eq 'othdombydc') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'domain';
            } elsif ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'user'; 
            }
            if ($requester ne '') {
                $storehash{'requester'} = $requester;
            }
        }
        if ($trole eq 'gr') {
            $namespace = 'groupslog';
            $storehash{'group'} = $sec;
        } else {
            $storehash{'section'} = $sec;
            my ($curruserdomstr,$newuserdomstr);
            if (exists($env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.userdomains'})) {
                $curruserdomstr = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.userdomains'};
            } else {
                my %courseinfo = &coursedescription($cdom.'/'.$cnum);
                $curruserdomstr = $courseinfo{'internal.userdomains'};
            }
            if ($curruserdomstr ne '') {
                my @udoms = split(/,/,$curruserdomstr);
                unless (grep(/^\Q$domain\E/,@udoms)) {
                    push(@udoms,$domain);
                    $newuserdomstr = join(',',sort(@udoms));
                }
            } else {
                $newuserdomstr = $domain;
            }
            if ($newuserdomstr ne '') {
                my $putresult = &put('environment',{ 'internal.userdomains' => $newuserdomstr },
                                     $cdom,$cnum);
                if ($putresult eq 'ok') {
                    unless (($selfenroll) || ($context eq 'selfenroll')) { 
                        if (($context eq 'createcourse') || ($context eq 'requestcourses') ||
                            ($context eq 'automated') || ($context eq 'domain')) {
                            $env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.userdomains'} = $newuserdomstr;
                        } elsif ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cdom.'_'.$cnum) {
                            &appenv({'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.userdomains' => $newuserdomstr});
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        &write_log('course',$namespace,\%storehash,$delflag,$username,
                   $domain,$cnum,$cdom);
        if (($trole ne 'st') || ($sec ne '')) {
            &devalidate_cache_new('getcourseroles',$cdom.'_'.$cnum);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub domainrolelog {
    my ($trole,$username,$domain,$area,$tstart,$tend,$delflag,
        $context,$othdomby,$requester)=@_;
    if ($area =~ m{^/($match_domain)/$}) {
        my $cdom = $1;
        my $domconfiguser = &get_domainconfiguser($cdom);
        my $namespace = 'rolelog';
        my %storehash = (
                           role    => $trole,
                           start   => $tstart,
                           end     => $tend,
                           context => $context,
                        );
        if ($othdomby) {
            if ($othdomby eq 'othdombydc') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'domain';
            } elsif ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'user';
            }
            if ($requester ne '') {
                $storehash{'requester'} = $requester;
            }
        }
        &write_log('domain',$namespace,\%storehash,$delflag,$username,
                   $domain,$domconfiguser,$cdom);
    }
    return;

}

sub coauthorrolelog {
    my ($trole,$username,$domain,$area,$tstart,$tend,$delflag,
        $context,$othdomby,$requester)=@_;
    if ($area =~ m{^/($match_domain)/($match_username)$}) {
        my $audom = $1;
        my $auname = $2;
        my $namespace = 'rolelog';
        my %storehash = (
                           role    => $trole,
                           start   => $tstart,
                           end     => $tend,
                           context => $context,
                        );
        if ($othdomby) {
            if ($othdomby eq 'othdombydc') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'domain';
            } elsif ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser') {
                $storehash{'approval'} = 'user';
            }
            if ($requester ne '') {
                $storehash{'requester'} = $requester;
            }
        }
        &write_log('author',$namespace,\%storehash,$delflag,$username,
                   $domain,$auname,$audom);
    }
    return;
}

sub get_course_adv_roles {
    my ($cid,$codes) = @_;
    $cid=$env{'request.course.id'} unless (defined($cid));
    my %coursehash=&coursedescription($cid);
    my $crstype = &Apache::loncommon::course_type($cid);
    my %nothide=();
    foreach my $user (split(/\s*\,\s*/,$coursehash{'nothideprivileged'})) {
        if ($user !~ /:/) {
	    $nothide{join(':',split(/[\@]/,$user))}=1;
        } else {
            $nothide{$user}=1;
        }
    }
    my @possdoms = ($coursehash{'domain'});
    if ($coursehash{'checkforpriv'}) {
        push(@possdoms,split(/,/,$coursehash{'checkforpriv'}));
    }
    my %returnhash=();
    my %dumphash=
            &dump('nohist_userroles',$coursehash{'domain'},$coursehash{'num'});
    my $now=time;
    my %privileged;
    foreach my $entry (keys(%dumphash)) {
	my ($tend,$tstart)=split(/\:/,$dumphash{$entry});
        if (($tstart) && ($tstart<0)) { next; }
        if (($tend) && ($tend<$now)) { next; }
        if (($tstart) && ($now<$tstart)) { next; }
        my ($role,$username,$domain,$section)=split(/\:/,$entry);
	if ($username eq '' || $domain eq '') { next; }
        if ((&privileged($username,$domain,\@possdoms)) &&
            (!$nothide{$username.':'.$domain})) { next; }
	if ($role eq 'cr') { next; }
        if ($codes) {
            if ($section) { $role .= ':'.$section; }
            if ($returnhash{$role}) {
                $returnhash{$role}.=','.$username.':'.$domain;
            } else {
                $returnhash{$role}=$username.':'.$domain;
            }
        } else {
            my $key=&plaintext($role,$crstype);
            if ($section) { $key.=' ('.&Apache::lonlocal::mt('Section [_1]',$section).')'; }
            if ($returnhash{$key}) {
	        $returnhash{$key}.=','.$username.':'.$domain;
            } else {
                $returnhash{$key}=$username.':'.$domain;
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub get_my_roles {
    my ($uname,$udom,$context,$types,$roles,$roledoms,$withsec,$hidepriv)=@_;
    unless (defined($uname)) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
    unless (defined($udom)) { $udom=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    my (%dumphash,%nothide);
    if ($context eq 'userroles') {
        %dumphash = &dump('roles',$udom,$uname);
    } else {
        %dumphash = &dump('nohist_userroles',$udom,$uname);
        if ($hidepriv) {
            my %coursehash=&coursedescription($udom.'_'.$uname);
            foreach my $user (split(/\s*\,\s*/,$coursehash{'nothideprivileged'})) {
                if ($user !~ /:/) {
                    $nothide{join(':',split(/[\@]/,$user))} = 1;
                } else {
                    $nothide{$user} = 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    my %returnhash=();
    my $now=time;
    my %privileged;
    foreach my $entry (keys(%dumphash)) {
        my ($role,$tend,$tstart);
        if ($context eq 'userroles') {
            next if ($entry =~ /^rolesdef/);
	    ($role,$tend,$tstart)=split(/_/,$dumphash{$entry});
        } else {
            ($tend,$tstart)=split(/\:/,$dumphash{$entry});
        }
        if (($tstart) && ($tstart<0)) { next; }
        my $status = 'active';
        if (($tend) && ($tend<=$now)) {
            $status = 'previous';
        } 
        if (($tstart) && ($now<$tstart)) {
            $status = 'future';
        }
        if (ref($types) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (!grep(/^\Q$status\E$/,@{$types})) {
                next;
            } 
        } else {
            if ($status ne 'active') {
                next;
            }
        }
        my ($rolecode,$username,$domain,$section,$area);
        if ($context eq 'userroles') {
            ($area,$rolecode) = ($entry =~ /^(.+)_([^_]+)$/);
            (undef,$domain,$username,$section) = split(/\//,$area);
        } else {
            ($role,$username,$domain,$section) = split(/\:/,$entry);
        }
        if (ref($roledoms) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (!grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$roledoms})) {
                next;
            }
        }
        if (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY') {
            if (!grep(/^\Q$role\E$/,@{$roles})) {
                if ($role =~ /^cr\//) {
                    if (!grep(/^cr$/,@{$roles})) {
                        next;
                    }
                } elsif ($role =~ /^gr\//) {
                    if (!grep(/^gr$/,@{$roles})) {
                        next;
                    }
                } else {
                    next;
                }
            }
        }
        if ($hidepriv) {
            my @privroles = ('dc','su');
            if ($context eq 'userroles') {
                next if (grep(/^\Q$role\E$/,@privroles));
            } else {
                my $possdoms = [$domain];
                if (ref($roledoms) eq 'ARRAY') {
                   push(@{$possdoms},@{$roledoms}); 
                }
                if (&privileged($username,$domain,$possdoms,\@privroles)) {
                    if (!$nothide{$username.':'.$domain}) {
                        next;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if ($withsec) {
            $returnhash{$username.':'.$domain.':'.$role.':'.$section} =
                $tstart.':'.$tend;
        } else {
            $returnhash{$username.':'.$domain.':'.$role}=$tstart.':'.$tend;
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub get_all_adhocroles {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    my @roles_by_num = ();
    my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($dom);
    my (%description,%access_in_dom,%access_info);
    if (ref($domdefaults{'adhocroles'}) eq 'HASH') {
        my $count = 0;
        my %domcurrent = %{$domdefaults{'adhocroles'}};
        my %ordered;
        foreach my $role (sort(keys(%domcurrent))) {
            my ($order,$desc,$access_in_dom);
            if (ref($domcurrent{$role}) eq 'HASH') {
                $order = $domcurrent{$role}{'order'};
                $desc = $domcurrent{$role}{'desc'};
                $access_in_dom{$role} = $domcurrent{$role}{'access'};
                $access_info{$role} = $domcurrent{$role}{$access_in_dom{$role}};
            }
            if ($order eq '') {
                $order = $count;
            }
            $ordered{$order} = $role;
            if ($desc ne '') {
                $description{$role} = $desc;
            } else {
                $description{$role}= $role;
            }
            $count++;
        }
        foreach my $item (sort {$a <=> $b } (keys(%ordered))) {
            push(@roles_by_num,$ordered{$item});
        }
    }
    return (\@roles_by_num,\%description,\%access_in_dom,\%access_info);
}

sub get_my_adhocroles {
    my ($cid,$checkreg) = @_;
    my ($cdom,$cnum,%info,@possroles,$description,$roles_by_num);
    if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cid) {
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'};
        $info{'internal.coursecode'} = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.internal.coursecode'};
    } elsif ($cid =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_courseid)$/) {
        $cdom = $1;
        $cnum = $2;
        %info = &get('environment',['internal.coursecode'],
                     $cdom,$cnum);
    }
    if (($info{'internal.coursecode'} ne '') && ($checkreg)) {
        my $user = $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
        my %rosterhash = &get('classlist',[$user],$cdom,$cnum);
        if ($rosterhash{$user} ne '') {
            my $type = (split(/:/,$rosterhash{$user}))[5];
            return ([],{}) if ($type eq 'auto');
        }
    }
    if (($cdom ne '') && ($cnum ne ''))  {
        if (($env{"user.role.dh./$cdom/"}) || ($env{"user.role.da./$cdom/"})) {
            my $then=$env{'user.login.time'};
            my $update=$env{'user.update.time'};
            if (!$update) {
                $update = $then;
            }
            my @liveroles;
            foreach my $role ('dh','da') {
                if ($env{"user.role.$role./$cdom/"}) {
                    my ($tstart,$tend)=split(/\./,$env{"user.role.$role./$cdom/"});
                    my $limit = $update;
                    if ($env{'request.role'} eq "$role./$cdom/") {
                        $limit = $then;
                    }
                    my $activerole = 1;
                    if ($tstart && $tstart>$limit) { $activerole = 0; }
                    if ($tend   && $tend  <$limit) { $activerole = 0; }
                    if ($activerole) {
                        push(@liveroles,$role);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (@liveroles) {
                if (&homeserver($cnum,$cdom) ne 'no_host') {
                    my ($accessref,$accessinfo,%access_in_dom);
                    ($roles_by_num,$description,$accessref,$accessinfo) = &get_all_adhocroles($cdom);
                    if (ref($roles_by_num) eq 'ARRAY') {
                        if (@{$roles_by_num}) {
                            my %settings;
                            if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cid) {
                                foreach my $envkey (keys(%env)) {
                                    if ($envkey =~ /^\Qcourse.$cid.\E(internal\.adhoc.+)$/) {
                                        $settings{$1} = $env{$envkey};
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                %settings = &dump('environment',$cdom,$cnum,'internal\.adhoc');
                            }
                            my %setincrs;
                            if ($settings{'internal.adhocaccess'}) {
                                map { $setincrs{$_} = 1; } split(/,/,$settings{'internal.adhocaccess'});
                            }
                            my @statuses;
                            if ($env{'environment.inststatus'}) {
                                @statuses = split(/,/,$env{'environment.inststatus'});
                            }
                            my $user = $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
                            if (ref($accessref) eq 'HASH') {
                                %access_in_dom = %{$accessref};
                            }
                            foreach my $role (@{$roles_by_num}) {
                                my ($curraccess,@okstatus,@personnel);
                                if ($setincrs{$role}) {
                                    ($curraccess,my $rest) = split(/=/,$settings{'internal.adhoc.'.$role});
                                    if ($curraccess eq 'status') {
                                        @okstatus = split(/\&/,$rest);
                                    } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
                                        @personnel = split(/\&/,$rest);
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    $curraccess = $access_in_dom{$role};
                                    if (ref($accessinfo) eq 'HASH') {
                                        if ($curraccess eq 'status') {
                                            if (ref($accessinfo->{$role}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                                @okstatus = @{$accessinfo->{$role}};
                                            }
                                        } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
                                            if (ref($accessinfo->{$role}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                                @personnel = @{$accessinfo->{$role}};
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                if ($curraccess eq 'none') {
                                    next;
                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'all') {
                                    push(@possroles,$role);
                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'dh') {
                                    if (grep(/^dh$/,@liveroles)) {
                                        push(@possroles,$role);
                                    } else {
                                        next;
                                    }
                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'da') {
                                    if (grep(/^da$/,@liveroles)) {
                                        push(@possroles,$role);
                                    } else {
                                        next;
                                    }
                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'status') {
                                    if (@okstatus) {
                                        if (!@statuses) {
                                            if (grep(/^default$/,@okstatus)) {
                                                push(@possroles,$role);
                                            }
                                        } else {
                                            foreach my $status (@okstatus) {
                                                if (grep(/^\Q$status\E$/,@statuses)) {
                                                    push(@possroles,$role);
                                                    last;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
                                    if (grep(/^\Q$user\E$/,@personnel)) {
                                        if ($curraccess eq 'exc') {
                                            push(@possroles,$role);
                                        }
                                    } elsif ($curraccess eq 'inc') {
                                        push(@possroles,$role);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    unless (ref($description) eq 'HASH') {
        if (ref($roles_by_num) eq 'ARRAY') {
            my %desc;
            map { $desc{$_} = $_; } (@{$roles_by_num});
            $description = \%desc;
        } else {
            $description = {};
        }
    }
    return (\@possroles,$description);
}

# ----------------------------------------------------- Frontpage Announcements
#
#

sub postannounce {
    my ($server,$text)=@_;
    unless (&allowed('psa',&host_domain($server))) { return 'refused'; }
    unless ($text=~/\w/) { $text=''; }
    return &reply('setannounce:'.&escape($text),$server);
}

sub getannounce {

    if (open(my $fh,"<",$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/announcement.txt')) {
	my $announcement='';
	while (my $line = <$fh>) { $announcement .= $line; }
	close($fh);
	if ($announcement=~/\w/) { 
	    return 
   '<table bgcolor="#FF5555" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="3">'.
   '<tr><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tt>'.$announcement.'</tt></td></tr></table>'; 
	} else {
	    return '';
	}
    } else {
	return '';
    }
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Course ID routines
# Deal with domain's nohist_courseid.db files
#

sub courseidput {
    my ($domain,$storehash,$coursehome,$caller) = @_;
    return unless (ref($storehash) eq 'HASH');
    my $outcome;
    if ($caller eq 'timeonly') {
        my $cids = '';
        foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
            $cids.=&escape($item).'&';
        }
        $cids=~s/\&$//;
        $outcome = &reply('courseidputhash:'.$domain.':'.$caller.':'.$cids,
                          $coursehome);       
    } else {
        my $items = '';
        foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
            $items.= &escape($item).'='.
                     &freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
        }
        $items=~s/\&$//;
        $outcome = &reply('courseidputhash:'.$domain.':'.$caller.':'.$items,
                          $coursehome);
    }
    if ($outcome eq 'unknown_cmd') {
        my $what;
        foreach my $cid (keys(%$storehash)) {
            $what .= &escape($cid).'=';
            foreach my $item ('description','inst_code','owner','type') {
                $what .= &escape($storehash->{$cid}{$item}).':';
            }
            $what =~ s/\:$/&/;
        }
        $what =~ s/\&$//;  
        return &reply('courseidput:'.$domain.':'.$what,$coursehome);
    } else {
        return $outcome;
    }
}

sub courseiddump {
    my ($domfilter,$descfilter,$sincefilter,$instcodefilter,$ownerfilter,
        $coursefilter,$hostidflag,$hostidref,$typefilter,$regexp_ok,
        $selfenrollonly,$catfilter,$showhidden,$caller,$cloner,$cc_clone,
        $cloneonly,$createdbefore,$createdafter,$creationcontext,$domcloner,
        $hasuniquecode,$reqcrsdom,$reqinstcode)=@_;
    my $as_hash = 1;
    my %returnhash;
    if (!$domfilter) { $domfilter=''; }
    my %libserv = &all_library();
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%libserv)) {
        if ( (  $hostidflag == 1 
	        && grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@{$hostidref}) ) 
	     || (!defined($hostidflag)) ) {

	    if (($domfilter eq '') ||
		(&host_domain($tryserver) eq $domfilter)) {
                my $rep;
                if (grep { $_ eq $tryserver } current_machine_ids()) {
                    $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::dump_course_id_handler(
                        join(":", (&host_domain($tryserver), $sincefilter, 
                                &escape($descfilter), &escape($instcodefilter), 
                                &escape($ownerfilter), &escape($coursefilter),
                                &escape($typefilter), &escape($regexp_ok), 
                                $as_hash, &escape($selfenrollonly), 
                                &escape($catfilter), $showhidden, $caller, 
                                &escape($cloner), &escape($cc_clone), $cloneonly, 
                                &escape($createdbefore), &escape($createdafter), 
                                &escape($creationcontext),$domcloner,$hasuniquecode,
                                $reqcrsdom,&escape($reqinstcode))));
                } else {
                    $rep = &reply('courseiddump:'.&host_domain($tryserver).':'.
                             $sincefilter.':'.&escape($descfilter).':'.
                             &escape($instcodefilter).':'.&escape($ownerfilter).
                             ':'.&escape($coursefilter).':'.&escape($typefilter).
                             ':'.&escape($regexp_ok).':'.$as_hash.':'.
                             &escape($selfenrollonly).':'.&escape($catfilter).':'.
                             $showhidden.':'.$caller.':'.&escape($cloner).':'.
                             &escape($cc_clone).':'.$cloneonly.':'.
                             &escape($createdbefore).':'.&escape($createdafter).':'.
                             &escape($creationcontext).':'.$domcloner.':'.$hasuniquecode.
                             ':'.$reqcrsdom.':'.&escape($reqinstcode),$tryserver);
                }
                     
                my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
                foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                    my ($key,$value)=split(/\=/,$item,2);
                    $key = &unescape($key);
                    next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                    my $result = &thaw_unescape($value);
                    if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
                        $returnhash{$key}=$result;
                    } else {
                        my @responses = split(/:/,$value);
                        my @items = ('description','inst_code','owner','type');
                        for (my $i=0; $i<@responses; $i++) {
                            $returnhash{$key}{$items[$i]} = &unescape($responses[$i]);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub courselastaccess {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$hostidref) = @_;
    my %returnhash;
    if ($cdom && $cnum) {
        my $chome = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        if ($chome ne 'no_host') {
            my $rep = &reply('courselastaccess:'.$cdom.':'.$cnum,$chome);
            &extract_lastaccess(\%returnhash,$rep);
        }
    } else {
        if (!$cdom) { $cdom=''; }
        my %libserv = &all_library();
        foreach my $tryserver (keys(%libserv)) {
            if (ref($hostidref) eq 'ARRAY') {
                next unless (grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@{$hostidref}));
            } 
            if (($cdom eq '') || (&host_domain($tryserver) eq $cdom)) {
                my $rep = &reply('courselastaccess:'.&host_domain($tryserver).':',$tryserver);
                &extract_lastaccess(\%returnhash,$rep);
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub extract_lastaccess {
    my ($returnhash,$rep) = @_;
    if (ref($returnhash) eq 'HASH') {
        unless ($rep eq 'unknown_command' || $rep eq 'no_such_host' || 
                $rep eq 'con_lost' || $rep eq 'rejected' || $rep eq 'refused' ||
                 $rep eq '') {
            my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
            foreach my $item (@pairs) {
                my ($key,$value)=split(/\=/,$item,2);
                $key = &unescape($key);
                next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
                $returnhash->{$key} = &thaw_unescape($value);
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- DC e-mail

sub dcmailput {
    my ($domain,$msgid,$message,$server)=@_;
    my $status = &critical(
       'dcmailput:'.$domain.':'.&escape($msgid).'='.
       &escape($message),$server);
    return $status;
}

sub dcmaildump {
    my ($dom,$startdate,$enddate,$senders) = @_;
    my %returnhash=();

    if (defined(&domain($dom,'primary'))) {
        my $cmd='dcmaildump:'.$dom.':'.&escape($startdate).':'.
                                                         &escape($enddate).':';
	my @esc_senders=map { &escape($_)} @$senders;
	$cmd.=&escape(join('&',@esc_senders));
	foreach my $line (split(/\&/,&reply($cmd,&domain($dom,'primary')))) {
            my ($key,$value) = split(/\=/,$line,2);
            if (($key) && ($value)) {
                $returnhash{&unescape($key)} = &unescape($value);
            }
        }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}
# ---------------------------------------------------------- Domain roles

sub get_domain_roles {
    my ($dom,$roles,$startdate,$enddate)=@_;
    if ((!defined($startdate)) || ($startdate eq '')) {
        $startdate = '.';
    }
    if ((!defined($enddate)) || ($enddate eq '')) {
        $enddate = '.';
    }
    my $rolelist;
    if (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY') {
        $rolelist = join('&',@{$roles});
    }
    my %personnel = ();

    my %servers = &get_servers($dom,'library');
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
	%{$personnel{$tryserver}}=();
	foreach my $line (split(/\&/,&reply('domrolesdump:'.$dom.':'.
					    &escape($startdate).':'.
					    &escape($enddate).':'.
					    &escape($rolelist), $tryserver))) {
	    my ($key,$value) = split(/\=/,$line,2);
	    if (($key) && ($value)) {
		$personnel{$tryserver}{&unescape($key)} = &unescape($value);
	    }
	}
    }
    return %personnel;
}

sub get_active_domroles {
    my ($dom,$roles) = @_;
    return () unless (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY');
    my $now = time;
    my %dompersonnel = &get_domain_roles($dom,$roles,$now,$now);
    my %domroles;
    foreach my $server (keys(%dompersonnel)) {
        foreach my $user (sort(keys(%{$dompersonnel{$server}}))) {
            my ($trole,$uname,$udom,$runame,$rudom,$rsec) = split(/:/,$user);
            $domroles{$uname.':'.$udom} = $dompersonnel{$server}{$user};
        }
    }
    return %domroles;
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------- Interval timing 

{
# Caches needed for speedup of navmaps
# We don't want to cache this for very long at all (5 seconds at most)
# 
# The user for whom we cache
my $cachedkey='';
# The cached times for this user
my %cachedtimes=();
# When this was last done
my $cachedtime='';

sub load_all_first_access {
    my ($uname,$udom,$ignorecache)=@_;
    if (($cachedkey eq $uname.':'.$udom) &&
        (abs($cachedtime-time)<5) && (!$env{'form.markaccess'}) &&
        (!$ignorecache)) {
        return;
    }
    $cachedtime=time;
    $cachedkey=$uname.':'.$udom;
    %cachedtimes=&dump('firstaccesstimes',$udom,$uname);
}

sub get_first_access {
    my ($type,$argsymb,$argmap,$ignorecache)=@_;
    my ($symb,$courseid,$udom,$uname)=&whichuser();
    if ($argsymb) { $symb=$argsymb; }
    my ($map,$id,$res)=&decode_symb($symb);
    if ($argmap) { $map = $argmap; }
    if ($type eq 'course') {
	$res='course';
    } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
	$res=&symbread($map);
    } else {
	$res=$symb;
    }
    &load_all_first_access($uname,$udom,$ignorecache);
    return $cachedtimes{"$courseid\0$res"};
}

sub set_first_access {
    my ($type,$interval)=@_;
    my ($symb,$courseid,$udom,$uname)=&whichuser();
    my ($map,$id,$res)=&decode_symb($symb);
    if ($type eq 'course') {
	$res='course';
    } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
	$res=&symbread($map);
    } else {
	$res=$symb;
    }
    $cachedkey='';
    my $firstaccess=&get_first_access($type,$symb,$map);
    if ($firstaccess) {
        &logthis("First access time already set ($firstaccess) when attempting ".
                 "to set new value (type: $type, extent: $res) for $uname:$udom ".
                 "in $courseid");
        return 'already_set';
    } else {
        my $start = time;
	my $putres = &put('firstaccesstimes',{"$courseid\0$res"=>$start},
                          $udom,$uname);
        if ($putres eq 'ok') {
            &put('timerinterval',{"$courseid\0$res"=>$interval},
                 $udom,$uname); 
            &appenv(
                     {
                        'course.'.$courseid.'.firstaccess.'.$res   => $start,
                        'course.'.$courseid.'.timerinterval.'.$res => $interval,
                     }
                  );
            if (($cachedtime) && (abs($start-$cachedtime) < 5)) {
                $cachedtimes{"$courseid\0$res"} = $start;
            }
        } elsif ($putres ne 'refused') {
            &logthis("Result: $putres when attempting to set first access time ".
                     "(type: $type, extent: $res) for $uname:$udom in $courseid");
        }
        return $putres;
    }
    return 'already_set';
}
}

# --------------------------------------------- Set Expire Date for Spreadsheet

sub expirespread {
    my ($uname,$udom,$stype,$usymb)=@_;
    my $cid=$env{'request.course.id'}; 
    if ($cid) {
       my $now=time;
       my $key=$uname.':'.$udom.':'.$stype.':'.$usymb;
       return &reply('put:'.$env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'}.':'.
                            $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'}.
	        	    ':nohist_expirationdates:'.
                            &escape($key).'='.$now,
                            $env{'course.'.$cid.'.home'})
    }
    return 'ok';
}

# ----------------------------------------------------- Devalidate Spreadsheets

sub devalidate {
    my ($symb,$uname,$udom)=@_;
    my $cid=$env{'request.course.id'}; 
    if ($cid) {
        # delete the stored spreadsheets for
        # - the student level sheet of this user in course's homespace
        # - the assessment level sheet for this resource 
        #   for this user in user's homespace
	# - current conditional state info
	my $key=$uname.':'.$udom.':';
        my $status=
	    &del('nohist_calculatedsheets',
		 [$key.'studentcalc:'],
		 $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'},
		 $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'})
		.' '.
	    &del('nohist_calculatedsheets_'.$cid,
		 [$key.'assesscalc:'.$symb],$udom,$uname);
        unless ($status eq 'ok ok') {
           &logthis('Could not devalidate spreadsheet '.
                    $uname.' at '.$udom.' for '.
		    $symb.': '.$status);
        }
	&delenv('user.state.'.$cid);
    }
}

sub get_scalar {
    my ($string,$end) = @_;
    my $value;
    if ($$string =~ s/^([^&]*?)($end)/$2/) {
	$value = $1;
    } elsif ($$string =~ s/^([^&]*?)&//) {
	$value = $1;
    }
    return &unescape($value);
}

sub array2str {
  my (@array) = @_;
  my $result=&arrayref2str(\@array);
  $result=~s/^__ARRAY_REF__//;
  $result=~s/__END_ARRAY_REF__$//;
  return $result;
}

sub arrayref2str {
  my ($arrayref) = @_;
  my $result='__ARRAY_REF__';
  foreach my $elem (@$arrayref) {
    if(ref($elem) eq 'ARRAY') {
      $result.=&arrayref2str($elem).'&';
    } elsif(ref($elem) eq 'HASH') {
      $result.=&hashref2str($elem).'&';
    } elsif(ref($elem)) {
      #print("Got a ref of ".(ref($elem))." skipping.");
    } else {
      $result.=&escape($elem).'&';
    }
  }
  $result=~s/\&$//;
  $result .= '__END_ARRAY_REF__';
  return $result;
}

sub hash2str {
  my (%hash) = @_;
  my $result=&hashref2str(\%hash);
  $result=~s/^__HASH_REF__//;
  $result=~s/__END_HASH_REF__$//;
  return $result;
}

sub hashref2str {
  my ($hashref)=@_;
  my $result='__HASH_REF__';
  foreach my $key (sort(keys(%$hashref))) {
    if (ref($key) eq 'ARRAY') {
      $result.=&arrayref2str($key).'=';
    } elsif (ref($key) eq 'HASH') {
      $result.=&hashref2str($key).'=';
    } elsif (ref($key)) {
      $result.='=';
      #print("Got a ref of ".(ref($key))." skipping.");
    } else {
	if (defined($key)) {$result.=&escape($key).'=';} else { last; }
    }

    if(ref($hashref->{$key}) eq 'ARRAY') {
      $result.=&arrayref2str($hashref->{$key}).'&';
    } elsif(ref($hashref->{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
      $result.=&hashref2str($hashref->{$key}).'&';
    } elsif(ref($hashref->{$key})) {
       $result.='&';
      #print("Got a ref of ".(ref($hashref->{$key}))." skipping.");
    } else {
      $result.=&escape($hashref->{$key}).'&';
    }
  }
  $result=~s/\&$//;
  $result .= '__END_HASH_REF__';
  return $result;
}

sub str2hash {
    my ($string)=@_;
    my ($hash)=&str2hashref('__HASH_REF__'.$string.'__END_HASH_REF__');
    return %$hash;
}

sub str2hashref {
  my ($string) = @_;

  my %hash;

  if($string !~ /^__HASH_REF__/) {
      if (! ($string eq '' || !defined($string))) {
	  $hash{'error'}='Not hash reference';
      }
      return (\%hash, $string);
  }

  $string =~ s/^__HASH_REF__//;

  while($string !~ /^__END_HASH_REF__/) {
      #key
      my $key='';
      if($string =~ /^__HASH_REF__/) {
          ($key, $string)=&str2hashref($string);
          if(defined($key->{'error'})) {
              $hash{'error'}='Bad data';
              return (\%hash, $string);
          }
      } elsif($string =~ /^__ARRAY_REF__/) {
          ($key, $string)=&str2arrayref($string);
          if($key->[0] eq 'Array reference error') {
              $hash{'error'}='Bad data';
              return (\%hash, $string);
          }
      } else {
          $string =~ s/^(.*?)=//;
	  $key=&unescape($1);
      }
      $string =~ s/^=//;

      #value
      my $value='';
      if($string =~ /^__HASH_REF__/) {
          ($value, $string)=&str2hashref($string);
          if(defined($value->{'error'})) {
              $hash{'error'}='Bad data';
              return (\%hash, $string);
          }
      } elsif($string =~ /^__ARRAY_REF__/) {
          ($value, $string)=&str2arrayref($string);
          if($value->[0] eq 'Array reference error') {
              $hash{'error'}='Bad data';
              return (\%hash, $string);
          }
      } else {
	  $value=&get_scalar(\$string,'__END_HASH_REF__');
      }
      $string =~ s/^&//;

      $hash{$key}=$value;
  }

  $string =~ s/^__END_HASH_REF__//;

  return (\%hash, $string);
}

sub str2array {
    my ($string)=@_;
    my ($array)=&str2arrayref('__ARRAY_REF__'.$string.'__END_ARRAY_REF__');
    return @$array;
}

sub str2arrayref {
  my ($string) = @_;
  my @array;

  if($string !~ /^__ARRAY_REF__/) {
      if (! ($string eq '' || !defined($string))) {
	  $array[0]='Array reference error';
      }
      return (\@array, $string);
  }

  $string =~ s/^__ARRAY_REF__//;

  while($string !~ /^__END_ARRAY_REF__/) {
      my $value='';
      if($string =~ /^__HASH_REF__/) {
          ($value, $string)=&str2hashref($string);
          if(defined($value->{'error'})) {
              $array[0] ='Array reference error';
              return (\@array, $string);
          }
      } elsif($string =~ /^__ARRAY_REF__/) {
          ($value, $string)=&str2arrayref($string);
          if($value->[0] eq 'Array reference error') {
              $array[0] ='Array reference error';
              return (\@array, $string);
          }
      } else {
	  $value=&get_scalar(\$string,'__END_ARRAY_REF__');
      }
      $string =~ s/^&//;

      push(@array, $value);
  }

  $string =~ s/^__END_ARRAY_REF__//;

  return (\@array, $string);
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------------Temp Store

sub tmpreset {
  my ($symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname) = @_;
  if (!$symb) {
    $symb=&symbread();
    if (!$symb) { $symb= $env{'request.url'}; }
  }
  $symb=escape($symb);

  if (!$namespace) { $namespace=$env{'request.state'}; }
  $namespace=~s/\//\_/g;
  $namespace=~s/\W//g;

  if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
  if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
  if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
      $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
  }
  my $path=LONCAPA::tempdir();
  my %hash;
  if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',
	  $path.'/tmpstore_'.$stuname.'_'.$domain.'_'.$namespace.'.db',
	  &GDBM_WRCREAT(),0640)) {
    foreach my $key (keys(%hash)) {
      if ($key=~ /:$symb/) {
	delete($hash{$key});
      }
    }
  }
}

sub tmpstore {
  my ($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname) = @_;

  if (!$symb) {
    $symb=&symbread();
    if (!$symb) { $symb= $env{'request.url'}; }
  }
  $symb=escape($symb);

  if (!$namespace) {
    # I don't think we would ever want to store this for a course.
    # it seems this will only be used if we don't have a course.
    #$namespace=$env{'request.course.id'};
    #if (!$namespace) {
      $namespace=$env{'request.state'};
    #}
  }
  $namespace=~s/\//\_/g;
  $namespace=~s/\W//g;
  if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
  if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
  if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
      $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
  }
  my $now=time;
  my %hash;
  my $path=LONCAPA::tempdir();
  if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',
	  $path.'/tmpstore_'.$stuname.'_'.$domain.'_'.$namespace.'.db',
	  &GDBM_WRCREAT(),0640)) {
    $hash{"version:$symb"}++;
    my $version=$hash{"version:$symb"};
    my $allkeys=''; 
    foreach my $key (keys(%$storehash)) {
      $allkeys.=$key.':';
      $hash{"$version:$symb:$key"}=&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key});
    }
    $hash{"$version:$symb:timestamp"}=$now;
    $allkeys.='timestamp';
    $hash{"$version:keys:$symb"}=$allkeys;
    if (untie(%hash)) {
      return 'ok';
    } else {
      return "error:$!";
    }
  } else {
    return "error:$!";
  }
}

# -----------------------------------------------------------------Temp Restore

sub tmprestore {
  my ($symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname) = @_;

  if (!$symb) {
    $symb=&symbread();
    if (!$symb) { $symb= $env{'request.url'}; }
  }
  $symb=escape($symb);

  if (!$namespace) { $namespace=$env{'request.state'}; }

  if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
  if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
  if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
      $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
  }
  my %returnhash;
  $namespace=~s/\//\_/g;
  $namespace=~s/\W//g;
  my %hash;
  my $path=LONCAPA::tempdir();
  if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',
	  $path.'/tmpstore_'.$stuname.'_'.$domain.'_'.$namespace.'.db',
	  &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
    my $version=$hash{"version:$symb"};
    $returnhash{'version'}=$version;
    my $scope;
    for ($scope=1;$scope<=$version;$scope++) {
      my $vkeys=$hash{"$scope:keys:$symb"};
      my @keys=split(/:/,$vkeys);
      my $key;
      $returnhash{"$scope:keys"}=$vkeys;
      foreach $key (@keys) {
	$returnhash{"$scope:$key"}=&thaw_unescape($hash{"$scope:$symb:$key"});
	$returnhash{"$key"}=&thaw_unescape($hash{"$scope:$symb:$key"});
      }
    }
    if (!(untie(%hash))) {
      return "error:$!";
    }
  } else {
    return "error:$!";
  }
  return %returnhash;
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Store

sub store {
    my ($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname,$laststore) = @_;
    my $home='';

    if ($stuname) { $home=&homeserver($stuname,$domain); }

    $symb=&symbclean($symb);
    if (!$symb) { unless ($symb=&symbread()) { return ''; } }

    if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }

    &devalidate($symb,$stuname,$domain);

    $symb=escape($symb);
    if (!$namespace) { 
       unless ($namespace=$env{'request.course.id'}) { 
          return ''; 
       } 
    }
    if (!$home) { $home=$env{'user.home'}; }

    $$storehash{'ip'}=&get_requestor_ip();
    $$storehash{'host'}=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};

    my $namevalue='';
    foreach my $key (keys(%$storehash)) {
        $namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key}).'&';
    }
    $namevalue=~s/\&$//;
    &courselog($symb.':'.$stuname.':'.$domain.':STORE:'.$namevalue);
    return reply("store:$domain:$stuname:$namespace:$symb:$namevalue:$laststore","$home");
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------- Critical Store

sub cstore {
    my ($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname,$laststore) = @_;
    my $home='';

    if ($stuname) { $home=&homeserver($stuname,$domain); }

    $symb=&symbclean($symb);
    if (!$symb) { unless ($symb=&symbread()) { return ''; } }

    if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }

    &devalidate($symb,$stuname,$domain);

    $symb=escape($symb);
    if (!$namespace) { 
       unless ($namespace=$env{'request.course.id'}) { 
          return ''; 
       } 
    }
    if (!$home) { $home=$env{'user.home'}; }

    $$storehash{'ip'}=&get_requestor_ip();
    $$storehash{'host'}=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};

    my $namevalue='';
    foreach my $key (keys(%$storehash)) {
        $namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key}).'&';
    }
    $namevalue=~s/\&$//;
    &courselog($symb.':'.$stuname.':'.$domain.':CSTORE:'.$namevalue);
    return critical
                ("store:$domain:$stuname:$namespace:$symb:$namevalue:$laststore","$home");
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------------- Restore

sub restore {
    my ($symb,$namespace,$domain,$stuname) = @_;
    my $home='';

    if ($stuname) { $home=&homeserver($stuname,$domain); }

    if (!$symb) {
        return if ($namespace eq 'courserequests');
        unless ($symb=escape(&symbread())) { return ''; }
    } else {
        unless ($namespace eq 'courserequests') {
            $symb=&escape(&symbclean($symb));
        }
    }
    if (!$namespace) { 
       unless ($namespace=$env{'request.course.id'}) { 
          return ''; 
       } 
    }
    if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
    if (!$home) { $home=$env{'user.home'}; }
    my $answer=&reply("restore:$domain:$stuname:$namespace:$symb","$home");

    my %returnhash=();
    foreach my $line (split(/\&/,$answer)) {
	my ($name,$value)=split(/\=/,$line);
        $returnhash{&unescape($name)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
    }
    my $version;
    for ($version=1;$version<=$returnhash{'version'};$version++) {
       foreach my $item (split(/\:/,$returnhash{$version.':keys'})) {
          $returnhash{$item}=$returnhash{$version.':'.$item};
       }
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Course Description
#
#  

sub coursedescription {
    my ($courseid,$args)=@_;
    $courseid=~s/^\///;
    $courseid=~s/\_/\//g;
    my ($cdomain,$cnum)=split(/\//,$courseid);
    my $chome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdomain);
    my $normalid=$cdomain.'_'.$cnum;
    # need to always cache even if we get errors otherwise we keep 
    # trying and trying and trying to get the course description.
    my %envhash=();
    my %returnhash=();
    
    my $expiretime=600;
    if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $normalid) {
	$expiretime=120;
    }

    my $prefix='course.'.$cdomain.'_'.$cnum.'.';
    if (!$args->{'freshen_cache'}
	&& ((time-$env{$prefix.'last_cache'}) < $expiretime) ) {
	foreach my $key (keys(%env)) {
	    next if ($key !~ /^\Q$prefix\E(.*)/);
	    my ($setting) = $1;
	    $returnhash{$setting} = $env{$key};
	}
	return %returnhash;
    }

    # get the data again

    if (!$args->{'one_time'}) {
	$envhash{'course.'.$normalid.'.last_cache'}=time;
    }

    if ($chome ne 'no_host') {
       %returnhash=&dump('environment',$cdomain,$cnum);
       if (!exists($returnhash{'con_lost'})) {
	   my $username = $env{'user.name'}; # Defult username
	   if(defined $args->{'user'}) {
	       $username = $args->{'user'};
	   }
           $returnhash{'home'}= $chome;
	   $returnhash{'domain'} = $cdomain;
	   $returnhash{'num'} = $cnum;
           if (!defined($returnhash{'type'})) {
               $returnhash{'type'} = 'Course';
           }
           while (my ($name,$value) = each %returnhash) {
               $envhash{'course.'.$normalid.'.'.$name}=$value;
           }
           $returnhash{'url'}=&clutter($returnhash{'url'});
           $returnhash{'fn'}=LONCAPA::tempdir() .
	       $username.'_'.$cdomain.'_'.$cnum;
           $envhash{'course.'.$normalid.'.home'}=$chome;
           $envhash{'course.'.$normalid.'.domain'}=$cdomain;
           $envhash{'course.'.$normalid.'.num'}=$cnum;
       }
    }
    if (!$args->{'one_time'}) {
	&appenv(\%envhash);
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

sub update_released_required {
    my ($needsrelease,$cdom,$cnum,$chome,$cid) = @_;
    if ($cdom eq '' || $cnum eq '' || $chome eq '' || $cid eq '') {
        $cid = $env{'request.course.id'};
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'};
        $chome = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.home'};
    }
    if ($needsrelease) {
        my %curr_reqd_hash = &userenvironment($cdom,$cnum,'internal.releaserequired');
        my $needsupdate;
        if ($curr_reqd_hash{'internal.releaserequired'} eq '') {
            $needsupdate = 1;
        } else {
            my ($currmajor,$currminor) = split(/\./,$curr_reqd_hash{'internal.releaserequired'});
            my ($needsmajor,$needsminor) = split(/\./,$needsrelease);
            if (($currmajor < $needsmajor) || ($currmajor == $needsmajor && $currminor < $needsminor)) {
                $needsupdate = 1;
            }
        }
        if ($needsupdate) {
            my %needshash = (
                             'internal.releaserequired' => $needsrelease,
                            );
            my $putresult = &put('environment',\%needshash,$cdom,$cnum);
            if ($putresult eq 'ok') {
                &appenv({'course.'.$cid.'.internal.releaserequired' => $needsrelease});
                my %crsinfo = &courseiddump($cdom,'.',1,'.','.',$cnum,undef,undef,'.');
                if (ref($crsinfo{$cid}) eq 'HASH') {
                    $crsinfo{$cid}{'releaserequired'} = $needsrelease;
                    &courseidput($cdom,\%crsinfo,$chome,'notime');
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

# -------------------------------------------------See if a user is privileged

sub privileged {
    my ($username,$domain,$possdomains,$possroles)=@_;
    my $now = time;
    my $roles;
    if (ref($possroles) eq 'ARRAY') {
        $roles = $possroles; 
    } else {
        $roles = ['dc','su'];
    }
    if (ref($possdomains) eq 'ARRAY') {
        my %privileged = &privileged_by_domain($possdomains,$roles);
        foreach my $dom (@{$possdomains}) {
            if (($username =~ /^$match_username$/) && ($domain =~ /^$match_domain$/) &&
                (ref($privileged{$dom}) eq 'HASH')) {
                foreach my $role (@{$roles}) {
                    if (ref($privileged{$dom}{$role}) eq 'HASH') {
                        if (exists($privileged{$dom}{$role}{$username.':'.$domain})) {
                            my ($end,$start) = split(/:/,$privileged{$dom}{$role}{$username.':'.$domain});
                            return 1 unless (($end && $end < $now) ||
                                             ($start && $start > $now));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        my %rolesdump = &dump("roles", $domain, $username) or return 0;
        my $now = time;

        for my $role (@rolesdump{grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys(%rolesdump)}) {
            my ($trole, $tend, $tstart) = split(/_/, $role);
            if (grep(/^\Q$trole\E$/,@{$roles})) {
                return 1 unless ($tend && $tend < $now) 
                        or ($tstart && $tstart > $now);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

sub privileged_by_domain {
    my ($domains,$roles) = @_;
    my %privileged = ();
    my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
    my $now = time;
    unless ((ref($domains) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        return %privileged;
    }
    foreach my $dom (@{$domains}) {
        next if (ref($privileged{$dom}) eq 'HASH');
        my $needroles;
        foreach my $role (@{$roles}) {
            my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('priv_'.$role,$dom);
            if (defined($cached)) {
                if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
                    $privileged{$dom}{$role} = $result;
                }
            } else {
                $needroles = 1;
            }
        }
        if ($needroles) {
            my %dompersonnel = &get_domain_roles($dom,$roles);
            $privileged{$dom} = {};
            foreach my $server (keys(%dompersonnel)) {
                if (ref($dompersonnel{$server}) eq 'HASH') {
                    foreach my $item (keys(%{$dompersonnel{$server}})) {
                        my ($trole,$uname,$udom,$rest) = split(/:/,$item,4);
                        my ($end,$start) = split(/:/,$dompersonnel{$server}{$item});
                        next if ($end && $end < $now);
                        $privileged{$dom}{$trole}{$uname.':'.$udom} = 
                            $dompersonnel{$server}{$item};
                    }
                }
            }
            if (ref($privileged{$dom}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $role (@{$roles}) {
                    if (ref($privileged{$dom}{$role}) eq 'HASH') {
                        &do_cache_new('priv_'.$role,$dom,$privileged{$dom}{$role},$cachetime);
                    } else {
                        my %hash = ();
                        &do_cache_new('priv_'.$role,$dom,\%hash,$cachetime);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %privileged;
}

# -------------------------------------------------------- Get user privileges

sub rolesinit {
    my ($domain, $username) = @_;
    my %userroles = ('user.login.time' => time);
    my %rolesdump = &dump("roles", $domain, $username) or return \%userroles;

    # firstaccess and timerinterval are related to timed maps/resources. 
    # also, blocking can be triggered by an activating timer
    # it's saved in the user's %env.
    my %firstaccess = &dump('firstaccesstimes', $domain, $username);
    my %timerinterval = &dump('timerinterval', $domain, $username);
    my (%coursetimerstarts, %firstaccchk, %firstaccenv, %coursetimerintervals,
        %timerintchk, %timerintenv, %coauthorenv);

    foreach my $key (keys(%firstaccess)) {
        my ($cid, $rest) = split(/\0/, $key);
        $coursetimerstarts{$cid}{$rest} = $firstaccess{$key};
    }

    foreach my $key (keys(%timerinterval)) {
        my ($cid,$rest) = split(/\0/,$key);
        $coursetimerintervals{$cid}{$rest} = $timerinterval{$key};
    }

    my %allroles=();
    my %allgroups=();
    my %gotcoauconfig=();
    my %domdefaults=();

    for my $area (grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys(%rolesdump)) {
        my $role = $rolesdump{$area};
        $area =~ s/\_\w\w$//;

        my ($trole, $tend, $tstart, $group_privs);

        if ($role =~ /^cr/) {
        # Custom role, defined by a user 
        # e.g., user.role.cr/msu/smith/mynewrole
            if ($role =~ m|^(cr/$match_domain/$match_username/[a-zA-Z0-9]+)_(.*)$|) {
                $trole = $1;
                ($tend, $tstart) = split('_', $2);
            } else {
                $trole = $role;
            }
        } elsif ($role =~ m|^gr/|) {
        # Role of member in a group, defined within a course/community
        # e.g., user.role.gr/msu/04935610a19ee4a5fmsul1/leopards
            ($trole, $tend, $tstart) = split(/_/, $role);
            next if $tstart eq '-1';
            ($trole, $group_privs) = split(/\//, $trole);
            $group_privs = &unescape($group_privs);
        } else {
        # Just a normal role, defined in roles.tab
            ($trole, $tend, $tstart) = split(/_/,$role);
        }

        my %new_role = &set_arearole($trole,$area,$tstart,$tend,$domain,
                 $username);
        @userroles{keys(%new_role)} = @new_role{keys(%new_role)};

        # role expired or not available yet?
        $trole = '' if ($tend != 0 && $tend < $userroles{'user.login.time'}) or 
            ($tstart != 0 && $tstart > $userroles{'user.login.time'});

        next if $area eq '' or $trole eq '';

        my $spec = "$trole.$area";
        my ($tdummy, $tdomain, $trest) = split(/\//, $area);

        if ($trole =~ /^cr\//) {
        # Custom role, defined by a user
            &custom_roleprivs(\%allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$trest,$spec,$area);
        } elsif ($trole eq 'gr') {
        # Role of a member in a group, defined within a course/community
            &group_roleprivs(\%allgroups,$area,$group_privs,$tend,$tstart);
            next;
        } else {
        # Normal role, defined in roles.tab
            &standard_roleprivs(\%allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$area);
            if (($trole eq 'ca') || ($trole eq 'aa')) {
                (undef,my ($audom,$auname)) = split(/\//,$area);
                unless ($gotcoauconfig{$area}) {
                    my @ca_settings = ('authoreditors','coauthorlist','coauthoroptin');
                    my %info = &userenvironment($audom,$auname,@ca_settings);
                    $gotcoauconfig{$area} = 1;
                    foreach my $item (@ca_settings) {
                        if (exists($info{$item})) {
                            my $name = $item;
                            if ($item eq 'authoreditors') {
                                $name = 'editors';
                                unless ($info{'authoreditors'}) {
                                    my %domdefs;
                                    if (ref($domdefaults{$audom}) eq 'HASH') {
                                        %domdefs = %{$domdefaults{$audom}};
                                    } else {
                                        %domdefs = &get_domain_defaults($audom);
                                        $domdefaults{$audom} = \%domdefs;
                                    }
                                    if ($domdefs{$name} ne '') {
                                        $info{'authoreditors'} = $domdefs{$name};
                                    } else {
                                        $info{'authoreditors'} = 'edit,xml';
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            $coauthorenv{"environment.internal.$name.$area"} = $info{$item};
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        my $cid = $tdomain.'_'.$trest;
        unless ($firstaccchk{$cid}) {
            if (ref($coursetimerstarts{$cid}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $item (keys(%{$coursetimerstarts{$cid}})) {
                    $firstaccenv{'course.'.$cid.'.firstaccess.'.$item} = 
                        $coursetimerstarts{$cid}{$item}; 
                }
            }
            $firstaccchk{$cid} = 1;
        }
        unless ($timerintchk{$cid}) {
            if (ref($coursetimerintervals{$cid}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $item (keys(%{$coursetimerintervals{$cid}})) {
                    $timerintenv{'course.'.$cid.'.timerinterval.'.$item} =
                       $coursetimerintervals{$cid}{$item};
                }
            }
            $timerintchk{$cid} = 1;
        }
    }

    @userroles{'user.author','user.adv','user.rar'} = &set_userprivs(\%userroles,
                                                          \%allroles, \%allgroups);
    $env{'user.adv'} = $userroles{'user.adv'};
    $env{'user.rar'} = $userroles{'user.rar'};

    return (\%userroles,\%firstaccenv,\%timerintenv,\%coauthorenv);
}

sub set_arearole {
    my ($trole,$area,$tstart,$tend,$domain,$username,$nolog) = @_;
    unless ($nolog) {
# log the associated role with the area
        &userrolelog($trole,$username,$domain,$area,$tstart,$tend);
    }
    return ('user.role.'.$trole.'.'.$area => $tstart.'.'.$tend);
}

sub custom_roleprivs {
    my ($allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$trest,$spec,$area) = @_;
    my ($rdummy,$rdomain,$rauthor,$rrole)=split(/\//,$trole);
    my $homsvr = &homeserver($rauthor,$rdomain);
    if (&hostname($homsvr) ne '') {
        my ($rdummy,$roledef)=
            &get('roles',["rolesdef_$rrole"],$rdomain,$rauthor);
        if (($rdummy ne 'con_lost') && ($roledef ne '')) {
            my ($syspriv,$dompriv,$coursepriv)=split(/\_/,$roledef);
            if (defined($syspriv)) {
                if ($trest =~ /^$match_community$/) {
                    $syspriv =~ s/bre\&S//; 
                }
                $$allroles{'cm./'}.=':'.$syspriv;
                $$allroles{$spec.'./'}.=':'.$syspriv;
            }
            if ($tdomain ne '') {
                if (defined($dompriv)) {
                    $$allroles{'cm./'.$tdomain.'/'}.=':'.$dompriv;
                    $$allroles{$spec.'./'.$tdomain.'/'}.=':'.$dompriv;
                }
                if (($trest ne '') && (defined($coursepriv))) {
                    if ($trole =~ m{^cr/$tdomain/$tdomain\Q-domainconfig\E/([^/]+)$}) {
                        my $rolename = $1;
                        $coursepriv = &course_adhocrole_privs($rolename,$tdomain,$trest,$coursepriv);
                    }
                    $$allroles{'cm.'.$area}.=':'.$coursepriv;
                    $$allroles{$spec.'.'.$area}.=':'.$coursepriv;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

sub course_adhocrole_privs {
    my ($rolename,$cdom,$cnum,$coursepriv) = @_;
    my %overrides = &get('environment',["internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"],$cdom,$cnum);
    if ($overrides{"internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"}) {
        my (%currprivs,%storeprivs);
        foreach my $item (split(/:/,$coursepriv)) {
            my ($priv,$restrict) = split(/\&/,$item);
            $currprivs{$priv} = $restrict;
        }
        my (%possadd,%possremove,%full);
        foreach my $item (split(/\:/,$Apache::lonnet::pr{'cr:c'})) {
            my ($priv,$restrict)=split(/\&/,$item);
            $full{$priv} = $restrict;
        }
        foreach my $item (split(/,/,$overrides{"internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"})) {
            next if ($item eq '');
            my ($rule,$rest) = split(/=/,$item);
            next unless (($rule eq 'off') || ($rule eq 'on'));
            foreach my $priv (split(/:/,$rest)) {
                if ($priv ne '') {
                    if ($rule eq 'off') {
                        $possremove{$priv} = 1;
                    } else {
                        $possadd{$priv} = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        foreach my $priv (sort(keys(%full))) {
            if (exists($currprivs{$priv})) {
                unless (exists($possremove{$priv})) {
                    $storeprivs{$priv} = $currprivs{$priv};
                }
            } elsif (exists($possadd{$priv})) {
                $storeprivs{$priv} = $full{$priv};
            }
        }
        $coursepriv = ':'.join(':',map { $_.'&'.$storeprivs{$_}; } sort(keys(%storeprivs)));
    }
    return $coursepriv;
}

sub group_roleprivs {
    my ($allgroups,$area,$group_privs,$tend,$tstart) = @_;
    my $access = 1;
    my $now = time;
    if (($tend!=0) && ($tend<$now)) { $access = 0; }
    if (($tstart!=0) && ($tstart>$now)) { $access=0; }
    if ($access) {
        my ($course,$group) = ($area =~ m|(/$match_domain/$match_courseid)/([^/]+)$|);
        $$allgroups{$course}{$group} .=':'.$group_privs;
    }
}

sub standard_roleprivs {
    my ($allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$area) = @_;
    if (defined($pr{$trole.':s'})) {
        $$allroles{'cm./'}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':s'};
        $$allroles{$spec.'./'}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':s'};
    }
    if ($tdomain ne '') {
        if (defined($pr{$trole.':d'})) {
            $$allroles{'cm./'.$tdomain.'/'}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':d'};
            $$allroles{$spec.'./'.$tdomain.'/'}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':d'};
        }
        if (($trest ne '') && (defined($pr{$trole.':c'}))) {
            $$allroles{'cm.'.$area}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':c'};
            $$allroles{$spec.'.'.$area}.=':'.$pr{$trole.':c'};
        }
    }
}

sub set_userprivs {
    my ($userroles,$allroles,$allgroups,$groups_roles) = @_; 
    my $author=0;
    my $adv=0;
    my $rar=0;
    my %grouproles = ();
    if (keys(%{$allgroups}) > 0) {
        my @groupkeys; 
        foreach my $role (keys(%{$allroles})) {
            push(@groupkeys,$role);
        }
        if (ref($groups_roles) eq 'HASH') {
            foreach my $key (keys(%{$groups_roles})) {
                unless (grep(/^\Q$key\E$/,@groupkeys)) {
                    push(@groupkeys,$key);
                }
            }
        }
        if (@groupkeys > 0) {
            foreach my $role (@groupkeys) {
                my ($trole,$area,$sec,$extendedarea);
                if ($role =~ m-^(\w+|cr/$match_domain/$match_username/\w+)\.(/$match_domain/$match_courseid)(/?\w*)\.-) {
                    $trole = $1;
                    $area = $2;
                    $sec = $3;
                    $extendedarea = $area.$sec;
                    if (exists($$allgroups{$area})) {
                        foreach my $group (keys(%{$$allgroups{$area}})) {
                            my $spec = $trole.'.'.$extendedarea;
                            $grouproles{$spec.'.'.$area.'/'.$group} = 
                                                $$allgroups{$area}{$group};
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $group (keys(%grouproles)) {
        $$allroles{$group} = $grouproles{$group};
    }
    foreach my $role (keys(%{$allroles})) {
        my %thesepriv;
        if (($role=~/^au/) || ($role=~/^ca/) || ($role=~/^aa/)) { $author=1; }
        foreach my $item (split(/:/,$$allroles{$role})) {
            if ($item ne '') {
                my ($privilege,$restrictions)=split(/&/,$item);
                if ($restrictions eq '') {
                    $thesepriv{$privilege}='F';
                } elsif ($thesepriv{$privilege} ne 'F') {
                    $thesepriv{$privilege}.=$restrictions;
                }
                if ($thesepriv{'adv'} eq 'F') { $adv=1; }
                if ($thesepriv{'rar'} eq 'F') { $rar=1; }
            }
        }
        my $thesestr='';
        foreach my $priv (sort(keys(%thesepriv))) {
	    $thesestr.=':'.$priv.'&'.$thesepriv{$priv};
	}
        $userroles->{'user.priv.'.$role} = $thesestr;
    }
    return ($author,$adv,$rar);
}

sub role_status {
    my ($rolekey,$update,$refresh,$now,$role,$where,$trolecode,$tstatus,$tstart,$tend) = @_;
    if (exists($env{$rolekey}) && $env{$rolekey} ne '') {
        my ($one,$two) = split(m{\./},$rolekey,2);
        (undef,undef,$$role) = split(/\./,$one,3);
        unless (!defined($$role) || $$role eq '') {
            $$where = '/'.$two;
            $$trolecode=$$role.'.'.$$where;
            ($$tstart,$$tend)=split(/\./,$env{$rolekey});
            $$tstatus='is';
            if ($$tstart && $$tstart>$update) {
                $$tstatus='future';
                if ($$tstart<$now) {
                    if ($$tstart && $$tstart>$refresh) {
                        if (($$where ne '') && ($$role ne '')) {
                            my (%allroles,%allgroups,$group_privs,
                                %groups_roles,@rolecodes);
                            my %userroles = (
                                'user.role.'.$$role.'.'.$$where => $$tstart.'.'.$$tend
                            );
                            @rolecodes = ('cm'); 
                            my $spec=$$role.'.'.$$where;
                            my ($tdummy,$tdomain,$trest)=split(/\//,$$where);
                            if ($$role =~ /^cr\//) {
                                &custom_roleprivs(\%allroles,$$role,$tdomain,$trest,$spec,$$where);
                                push(@rolecodes,'cr');
                            } elsif ($$role eq 'gr') {
                                push(@rolecodes,$$role);
                                my %rolehash = &get('roles',[$$where.'_'.$$role],$env{'user.domain'},
                                                    $env{'user.name'});
                                my ($trole) = split('_',$rolehash{$$where.'_'.$$role},2);
                                (undef,my $group_privs) = split(/\//,$trole);
                                $group_privs = &unescape($group_privs);
                                &group_roleprivs(\%allgroups,$$where,$group_privs,$$tend,$$tstart);
                                my %course_roles = &get_my_roles($env{'user.name'},$env{'user.domain'},'userroles',['active'],['cc','co','in','ta','ep','ad','st','cr'],[$tdomain],1);
                                &get_groups_roles($tdomain,$trest,
                                                  \%course_roles,\@rolecodes,
                                                  \%groups_roles);
                            } else {
                                push(@rolecodes,$$role);
                                &standard_roleprivs(\%allroles,$$role,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$$where);
                            }
                            my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%allroles,\%allgroups,
                                                                   \%groups_roles);
                            &appenv(\%userroles,\@rolecodes);
                            &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
                        }
                    }
                    $$tstatus = 'is';
                }
            }
            if ($$tend) {
                if ($$tend<$update) {
                    $$tstatus='expired';
                } elsif ($$tend<$now) {
                    $$tstatus='will_not';
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

sub get_groups_roles {
    my ($cdom,$rest,$cdom_courseroles,$rolecodes,$groups_roles) = @_;
    return unless((ref($cdom_courseroles) eq 'HASH') && 
                  (ref($rolecodes) eq 'ARRAY') && 
                  (ref($groups_roles) eq 'HASH')); 
    if (keys(%{$cdom_courseroles}) > 0) {
        my ($cnum) = ($rest =~ /^($match_courseid)/);
        if ($cdom ne '' && $cnum ne '') {
            foreach my $key (keys(%{$cdom_courseroles})) {
                if ($key =~ /^\Q$cnum\E:\Q$cdom\E:([^:]+):?([^:]*)/) {
                    my $crsrole = $1;
                    my $crssec = $2;
                    if ($crsrole =~ /^cr/) {
                        unless (grep(/^cr$/,@{$rolecodes})) {
                            push(@{$rolecodes},'cr');
                        }
                    } else {
                        unless(grep(/^\Q$crsrole\E$/,@{$rolecodes})) {
                            push(@{$rolecodes},$crsrole);
                        }
                    }
                    my $rolekey = "$crsrole./$cdom/$cnum";
                    if ($crssec ne '') {
                        $rolekey .= "/$crssec";
                    }
                    $rolekey .= './';
                    $groups_roles->{$rolekey} = $rolecodes;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub delete_env_groupprivs {
    my ($where,$courseroles,$possroles) = @_;
    return unless((ref($courseroles) eq 'HASH') && (ref($possroles) eq 'ARRAY'));
    my ($dummy,$udom,$uname,$group) = split(/\//,$where);
    unless (ref($courseroles->{$udom}) eq 'HASH') {
        %{$courseroles->{$udom}} =
            &get_my_roles('','','userroles',['active'],
                          $possroles,[$udom],1);
    }
    if (ref($courseroles->{$udom}) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $item (keys(%{$courseroles->{$udom}})) {
            my ($cnum,$cdom,$crsrole,$crssec) = split(/:/,$item);
            my $area = '/'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum;
            my $privkey = "user.priv.$crsrole.$area";
            if ($crssec ne '') {
                $privkey .= '/'.$crssec;
            }
            $privkey .= ".$area/$group";
            &Apache::lonnet::delenv($privkey,undef,[$crsrole]);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub check_adhoc_privs {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$update,$refresh,$now,$checkrole,$caller,$sec) = @_;
    my $cckey = 'user.role.'.$checkrole.'./'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum;
    if ($sec) {
        $cckey .= '/'.$sec;
    } 
    my $setprivs;
    if ($env{$cckey}) {
        my ($role,$where,$trolecode,$tstart,$tend,$tremark,$tstatus,$tpstart,$tpend);
        &role_status($cckey,$update,$refresh,$now,\$role,\$where,\$trolecode,\$tstatus,\$tstart,\$tend);
        unless (($tstatus eq 'is') || ($tstatus eq 'will_not')) {
            &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller,$sec);
            $setprivs = 1;
        }
    } else {
        &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller,$sec);
        $setprivs = 1;
    }
    return $setprivs;
}

sub set_adhoc_privileges {
# role can be cc, ca, or cr/<dom>/<dom>-domainconfig/role
    my ($dcdom,$pickedcourse,$role,$caller,$sec) = @_;
    my $area = '/'.$dcdom.'/'.$pickedcourse;
    if ($sec ne '') {
        $area .= '/'.$sec;
    }
    my $spec = $role.'.'.$area;
    my %userroles = &set_arearole($role,$area,'','',$env{'user.domain'},
                                  $env{'user.name'},1);
    my %rolehash = ();
    if ($role =~ m{^\Qcr/$dcdom/$dcdom\E\-domainconfig/(\w+)$}) {
        my $rolename = $1;
        &custom_roleprivs(\%rolehash,$role,$dcdom,$pickedcourse,$spec,$area);
        my %domdef = &get_domain_defaults($dcdom);
        if (ref($domdef{'adhocroles'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domdef{'adhocroles'}{$rolename}) eq 'HASH') {
                &appenv({'request.role.desc' => $domdef{'adhocroles'}{$rolename}{'desc'},});
            }
        }
    } else {
        &standard_roleprivs(\%rolehash,$role,$dcdom,$spec,$pickedcourse,$area);
    }
    my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%rolehash);
    &appenv(\%userroles,[$role,'cm']);
    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
    unless (($caller eq 'constructaccess' && $env{'request.course.id'}) ||
            ($caller eq 'tiny')) {
        &appenv( {'request.role'        => $spec,
                  'request.role.domain' => $dcdom,
                  'request.course.sec'  => $sec,
                 }
               );
        my $tadv=0;
        if (&allowed('adv') eq 'F') { $tadv=1; }
        &appenv({'request.role.adv'    => $tadv});
    }
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- get interface

sub get {
   my ($namespace,$storearr,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   my $items='';
   foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
       $items.=&escape($item).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);

   my $rep=&reply("get:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
   my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
   if ( $#pairs==0 && $pairs[0] =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
     return @pairs;
   }
   my %returnhash=();
   my $i=0;
   foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
      $returnhash{$item}=&thaw_unescape($pairs[$i]);
      $i++;
   }
   return %returnhash;
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- del interface

sub del {
   my ($namespace,$storearr,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   my $items='';
   foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
       $items.=&escape($item).'&';
   }

   $items=~s/\&$//;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   return &reply("del:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------- dump interface

sub unserialize {
    my ($rep, $escapedkeys) = @_;

    return {} if $rep =~ /^error/;

    my %returnhash=();
	foreach my $item (split(/\&/,$rep)) {
	    my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $item, 2);
	    $key = unescape($key) unless $escapedkeys;
	    next if $key =~ /^error: 2 /;
	    $returnhash{$key} = &thaw_unescape($value);
	}
    #return %returnhash;
    return \%returnhash;
}        

# see Lond::dump_with_regexp
# if $escapedkeys hash keys won't get unescaped.
sub dump {
    my ($namespace,$udomain,$uname,$regexp,$range,$escapedkeys,$encrypt)=@_;
    if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);

    if ($regexp) {
        $regexp=&escape($regexp);
    } else {
        $regexp='.';
    }
    if (grep { $_ eq $uhome } current_machine_ids()) {
        # user is hosted on this machine
        my $reply = LONCAPA::Lond::dump_with_regexp(join(":", ($udomain,
                    $uname, $namespace, $regexp, $range)), $perlvar{'lonVersion'});
        return %{unserialize($reply, $escapedkeys)};
    }
    my $rep;
    if ($encrypt) {
        $rep=&reply("encrypt:edump:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$regexp:$range",$uhome);
    } else {
        $rep=&reply("dump:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$regexp:$range",$uhome);
    }
    my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
    my %returnhash=();
    if (!($rep =~ /^error/ )) {
	foreach my $item (@pairs) {
	    my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
        $key = unescape($key) unless $escapedkeys;
        #$key = &unescape($key);
	    next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
	    $returnhash{$key}=&thaw_unescape($value);
	}
    }
    return %returnhash;
}


# --------------------------------------------------------- dumpstore interface

sub dumpstore {
   my ($namespace,$udomain,$uname,$regexp,$range)=@_;
   # same as dump but keys must be escaped. They may contain colon separated
   # lists of values that may themself contain colons (e.g. symbs).
   return &dump($namespace, $udomain, $uname, $regexp, $range, 1);
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------- keys interface

sub getkeys {
   my ($namespace,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $rep=reply("keys:$udomain:$uname:$namespace",$uhome);
   my @keyarray=();
   foreach my $key (split(/\&/,$rep)) {
      next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
      push(@keyarray,&unescape($key));
   }
   return @keyarray;
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- currentdump
sub currentdump {
   my ($courseid,$sdom,$sname)=@_;
   $courseid = $env{'request.course.id'} if (! defined($courseid));
   $sdom     = $env{'user.domain'}       if (! defined($sdom));
   $sname    = $env{'user.name'}         if (! defined($sname));
   my $uhome = &homeserver($sname,$sdom);
   my $rep;

   if (grep { $_ eq $uhome } current_machine_ids()) {
       $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::dump_profile_database(join(":", ($sdom, $sname, 
                   $courseid)));
   } else {
       $rep = reply('currentdump:'.$sdom.':'.$sname.':'.$courseid,$uhome);
   }

   return if ($rep =~ /^(error:|no_such_host)/);
   #
   my %returnhash=();
   #
   if ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd') {
       # an old lond will not know currentdump
       # Do a dump and make it look like a currentdump
       my @tmp = &dumpstore($courseid,$sdom,$sname,'.');
       return if ($tmp[0] =~ /^(error:|no_such_host)/);
       my %hash = @tmp;
       @tmp=();
       %returnhash = %{&convert_dump_to_currentdump(\%hash)};
   } else {
       my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
       foreach my $pair (@pairs) {
           my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$pair,2);
           my ($symb,$param) = split(/:/,$key);
           $returnhash{&unescape($symb)}->{&unescape($param)} = 
                                                        &thaw_unescape($value);
       }
   }
   return %returnhash;
}

sub convert_dump_to_currentdump{
    my %hash = %{shift()};
    my %returnhash;
    # Code ripped from lond, essentially.  The only difference
    # here is the unescaping done by lonnet::dump().  Conceivably
    # we might run in to problems with parameter names =~ /^v\./
    while (my ($key,$value) = each(%hash)) {
        my ($v,$symb,$param) = split(/:/,$key);
	$symb  = &unescape($symb);
	$param = &unescape($param);
        next if ($v eq 'version' || $symb eq 'keys');
        next if (exists($returnhash{$symb}) &&
                 exists($returnhash{$symb}->{$param}) &&
                 $returnhash{$symb}->{'v.'.$param} > $v);
        $returnhash{$symb}->{$param}=$value;
        $returnhash{$symb}->{'v.'.$param}=$v;
    }
    #
    # Remove all of the keys in the hashes which keep track of
    # the version of the parameter.
    while (my ($symb,$param_hash) = each(%returnhash)) {
        # use a foreach because we are going to delete from the hash.
        foreach my $key (keys(%$param_hash)) {
            delete($param_hash->{$key}) if ($key =~ /^v\./);
        }
    }
    return \%returnhash;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ critical inc interface

sub cinc {
    return &inc(@_,'critical');
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- inc interface

sub inc {
    my ($namespace,$store,$udomain,$uname,$critical) = @_;
    if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
    my $items='';
    if (! ref($store)) {
        # got a single value, so use that instead
        $items = &escape($store).'=&';
    } elsif (ref($store) eq 'SCALAR') {
        $items = &escape($$store).'=&';        
    } elsif (ref($store) eq 'ARRAY') {
        $items = join('=&',map {&escape($_);} @{$store});
    } elsif (ref($store) eq 'HASH') {
        while (my($key,$value) = each(%{$store})) {
            $items.= &escape($key).'='.&escape($value).'&';
        }
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    if ($critical) {
	return &critical("inc:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
    } else {
	return &reply("inc:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
    }
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- put interface

sub put {
   my ($namespace,$storehash,$udomain,$uname,$encrypt)=@_;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $items='';
   foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
       $items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   if ($encrypt) {
       return &reply("encrypt:put:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
   } else {
       return &reply("put:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
   }
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ newput interface

sub newput {
   my ($namespace,$storehash,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $items='';
   foreach my $key (keys(%$storehash)) {
       $items.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key}).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   return &reply("newput:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------  putstore interface

sub putstore {
   my ($namespace,$symb,$version,$storehash,$udomain,$uname,$tolog)=@_;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $items='';
   foreach my $key (keys(%$storehash)) {
       $items.= &escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($storehash->{$key}).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   my $esc_symb=&escape($symb);
   my $esc_v=&escape($version);
   my $reply =
       &reply("putstore:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$esc_symb:$esc_v:$items",
	      $uhome);
   if (($tolog) && ($reply eq 'ok')) {
       my $namevalue='';
       foreach my $key (keys(%{$storehash})) {
           $namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($storehash->{$key}).'&';
       }
       my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
       $namevalue .= 'ip='.&escape($ip).
                     '&host='.&escape($perlvar{'lonHostID'}).
                     '&version='.$esc_v.
                     '&by='.&escape($env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'});
       &courselog($symb.':'.$uname.':'.$udomain.':PUTSTORE:'.$namevalue);
   }
   if ($reply eq 'unknown_cmd') {
       # gfall back to way things use to be done
       return &old_putstore($namespace,$symb,$version,$storehash,$udomain,
			    $uname);
   }
   return $reply;
}

sub old_putstore {
    my ($namespace,$symb,$version,$storehash,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
    if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
    if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
    my %newstorehash;
    foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
	my $key = $version.':'.&escape($symb).':'.$item;
	$newstorehash{$key} = $storehash->{$item};
    }
    my $items='';
    my %allitems = ();
    foreach my $item (keys(%newstorehash)) {
	if ($item =~ m/^([^\:]+):([^\:]+):([^\:]+)$/) {
	    my $key = $1.':keys:'.$2;
	    $allitems{$key} .= $3.':';
	}
	$items.=$item.'='.&freeze_escape($newstorehash{$item}).'&';
    }
    foreach my $item (keys(%allitems)) {
	$allitems{$item} =~ s/\:$//;
	$items.= $item.'='.$allitems{$item}.'&';
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    return &reply("put:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ critical put interface

sub cput {
   my ($namespace,$storehash,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $items='';
   foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
       $items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   return &critical("put:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------- eget interface

sub eget {
   my ($namespace,$storearr,$udomain,$uname)=@_;
   my $items='';
   foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
       $items.=&escape($item).'&';
   }
   $items=~s/\&$//;
   if (!$udomain) { $udomain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
   if (!$uname) { $uname=$env{'user.name'}; }
   my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udomain);
   my $rep=&reply("eget:$udomain:$uname:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
   my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
   my %returnhash=();
   my $i=0;
   foreach my $item (@$storearr) {
      $returnhash{$item}=&thaw_unescape($pairs[$i]);
      $i++;
   }
   return %returnhash;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ tmpput interface
sub tmpput {
    my ($storehash,$server,$context)=@_;
    my $items='';
    foreach my $item (keys(%$storehash)) {
	$items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
    }
    $items=~s/\&$//;
    if (defined($context)) {
        $items .= ':'.&escape($context);
    }
    return &reply("tmpput:$items",$server);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ tmpget interface
sub tmpget {
    my ($token,$server)=@_;
    if (!defined($server)) { $server = $perlvar{'lonHostID'}; }
    my $rep=&reply("tmpget:$token",$server);
    my %returnhash;
    if ($rep =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
        return %returnhash;
    }
    foreach my $item (split(/\&/,$rep)) {
	my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item);
	$returnhash{&unescape($key)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
    }
    return %returnhash;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ tmpdel interface
sub tmpdel {
    my ($token,$server)=@_;
    if (!defined($server)) { $server = $perlvar{'lonHostID'}; }
    return &reply("tmpdel:$token",$server);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ get_timebased_id 

sub get_timebased_id {
    my ($prefix,$keyid,$namespace,$cdom,$cnum,$idtype,$who,$locktries,
        $maxtries) = @_;
    my ($newid,$error,$dellock);
    unless (($prefix =~ /^\w+$/) && ($keyid =~ /^\w+$/) && ($namespace ne '')) {  
        return ('','ok','invalid call to get suffix');
    }

# set defaults for any optional args for which values were not supplied
    if ($who eq '') {
        $who = $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
    }
    if (!$locktries) {
        $locktries = 3;
    }
    if (!$maxtries) {
        $maxtries = 10;
    }
    
    if (($cdom eq '') || ($cnum eq '')) {
        if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
            $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
            $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
        }
        if (($cdom eq '') || ($cnum eq '')) {
            return ('','ok','call to get suffix not in course context');
        }
    }

# construct locking item
    my $lockhash = {
                      $prefix."\0".'locked_'.$keyid => $who,
                   };
    my $tries = 0;

# attempt to get lock on nohist_$namespace file
    my $gotlock = &newput('nohist_'.$namespace,$lockhash,$cdom,$cnum);
    while (($gotlock ne 'ok') && $tries <$locktries) {
        $tries ++;
        sleep 1;
        $gotlock = &newput('nohist_'.$namespace,$lockhash,$cdom,$cnum);
    }

# attempt to get unique identifier, based on current timestamp
    if ($gotlock eq 'ok') {
        my %inuse = &dump('nohist_'.$namespace,$cdom,$cnum,$prefix);
        my $id = time;
        $newid = $id;
        if ($idtype eq 'addcode') {
            $newid .= &sixnum_code();
        }
        my $idtries = 0;
        while (exists($inuse{$prefix."\0".$newid}) && $idtries < $maxtries) {
            if ($idtype eq 'concat') {
                $newid = $id.$idtries;
            } elsif ($idtype eq 'addcode') {
                $newid = $newid.&sixnum_code();
            } else {
                $newid ++;
            }
            $idtries ++;
        }
        if (!exists($inuse{$prefix."\0".$newid})) {
            my %new_item =  (
                              $prefix."\0".$newid => $who,
                            );
            my $putresult = &put('nohist_'.$namespace,\%new_item,
                                                 $cdom,$cnum);
            if ($putresult ne 'ok') {
                undef($newid);
                $error = 'error saving new item: '.$putresult;
            }
        } else {
             undef($newid);
             $error = ('error: no unique suffix available for the new item ');
        }
#  remove lock
        my @del_lock = ($prefix."\0".'locked_'.$keyid);
        $dellock = &Apache::lonnet::del('nohist_'.$namespace,\@del_lock,$cdom,$cnum);
    } else {
        $error = "error: could not obtain lockfile\n";
        $dellock = 'ok';
        if (($prefix eq 'paste') && ($namespace eq 'courseeditor') && ($keyid eq 'num')) {
            $dellock = 'nolock';
        }
    }
    return ($newid,$dellock,$error);
}

sub sixnum_code {
    my $code;
    for (0..6) {
        $code .= int( rand(9) );
    }
    return $code;
}

# -------------------------------------------------- portfolio access checking

sub portfolio_access {
    my ($requrl,$clientip) = @_;
    my (undef,$udom,$unum,$file_name,$group) = &parse_portfolio_url($requrl);
    my $result = &get_portfolio_access($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group,$clientip);
    if ($result) {
        my %setters;
        if ($env{'user.name'} eq 'public' && $env{'user.domain'} eq 'public') {
            my ($startblock,$endblock,$triggerblock,$by_ip,$blockdom) =
                &Apache::loncommon::blockcheck(\%setters,'port',$clientip,$unum,$udom);
            if (($startblock && $endblock) || ($by_ip)) {
                return 'B';
            }
        } else {
            my ($startblock,$endblock,$triggerblock,$by_ip,$blockdom) =
                &Apache::loncommon::blockcheck(\%setters,'port',$clientip);
            if (($startblock && $endblock) || ($by_ip)) {
                return 'B';
            }
        }
    }
    if ($result eq 'ok') {
       return 'F';
    } elsif ($result =~ /^[^:]+:guest_/) {
       return 'A';
    }
    return '';
}

sub get_portfolio_access {
    my ($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group,$clientip,$access_hash,$portaccessref) = @_;

    if (!ref($access_hash)) {
	my $current_perms = &get_portfile_permissions($udom,$unum);
	my %access_controls = &get_access_controls($current_perms,$group,
						   $file_name);
	$access_hash = $access_controls{$file_name};
    }

    my $portaccess;
    if (ref($portaccess) eq 'SCALAR') {
        $portaccess = $$portaccessref;
    } else {
        $portaccess = &usertools_access($unum,$udom,'portaccess',undef,'tools');
    }

    my ($public,$guest,@domains,@users,@courses,@groups,@ips,@userips);
    my $now = time;
    if (ref($access_hash) eq 'HASH') {
        foreach my $key (keys(%{$access_hash})) {
            my ($num,$scope,$end,$start) = ($key =~ /^([^:]+):([a-z]+)_(\d*)_?(\d*)$/);
            next if (($scope ne 'ip') && ($portaccess == 0));
            if ($start > $now) {
                next;
            }
            if ($end && $end<$now) {
                next;
            }
            if ($scope eq 'public') {
                $public = $key;
                last;
            } elsif ($scope eq 'guest') {
                $guest = $key;
            } elsif ($scope eq 'domains') {
                push(@domains,$key);
            } elsif ($scope eq 'users') {
                push(@users,$key);
            } elsif ($scope eq 'course') {
                push(@courses,$key);
            } elsif ($scope eq 'group') {
                push(@groups,$key);
            } elsif ($scope eq 'ip') {
                push(@ips,$key);
            } elsif ($scope eq 'userip') {
                push(@userips,$key);
            }
        }
        if ($public) {
            return 'ok';
        } elsif (@ips > 0) {
            my $allowed;
            foreach my $ipkey (@ips) {
                if (ref($access_hash->{$ipkey}{'ip'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    if (&Apache::loncommon::check_ip_acc(join(',',@{$access_hash->{$ipkey}{'ip'}}),$clientip)) {
                        $allowed = 1;
                        last; 
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($allowed) {
                return 'ok';
            }
        } elsif (@userips > 0) {
            my $allowed;
            foreach my $useripkey (@userips) {
                if (ref($access_hash->{$useripkey}{'ip'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    if (&Apache::loncommon::check_ip_acc(join(',',@{$access_hash->{$useripkey}{'ip'}}),$clientip)) {
                        $allowed = 1;
                        last;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($allowed) {
                return 'ok';
            }
        }
        if ($env{'user.name'} eq 'public' && $env{'user.domain'} eq 'public') {
            if ($guest) {
                return $guest;
            }
        } else {
            if (@domains > 0) {
                foreach my $domkey (@domains) {
                    if (ref($access_hash->{$domkey}{'dom'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                        if (grep(/^\Q$env{'user.domain'}\E$/,@{$access_hash->{$domkey}{'dom'}})) {
                            return 'ok';
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (@users > 0) {
                foreach my $userkey (@users) {
                    if (ref($access_hash->{$userkey}{'users'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                        foreach my $item (@{$access_hash->{$userkey}{'users'}}) {
                            if (ref($item) eq 'HASH') {
                                if (($item->{'uname'} eq $env{'user.name'}) &&
                                    ($item->{'udom'} eq $env{'user.domain'})) {
                                    return 'ok';
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } 
                }
            }
            my %roleshash;
            my @courses_and_groups = @courses;
            push(@courses_and_groups,@groups); 
            if (@courses_and_groups > 0) {
                my (%allgroups,%allroles); 
                my ($start,$end,$role,$sec,$group);
                foreach my $envkey (%env) {
                    if ($envkey =~ m-^user\.role\.(gr|cc|co|in|ta|ep|ad|st)\./($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/?([^/]*)$-) {
                        my $cid = $2.'_'.$3; 
                        if ($1 eq 'gr') {
                            $group = $4;
                            $allgroups{$cid}{$group} = $env{$envkey};
                        } else {
                            if ($4 eq '') {
                                $sec = 'none';
                            } else {
                                $sec = $4;
                            }
                            $allroles{$cid}{$1}{$sec} = $env{$envkey};
                        }
                    } elsif ($envkey =~ m-^user\.role\./cr/($match_domain/$match_username/\w*)./($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/?([^/]*)$-) {
                        my $cid = $2.'_'.$3;
                        if ($4 eq '') {
                            $sec = 'none';
                        } else {
                            $sec = $4;
                        }
                        $allroles{$cid}{$1}{$sec} = $env{$envkey};
                    }
                }
                if (keys(%allroles) == 0) {
                    return;
                }
                foreach my $key (@courses_and_groups) {
                    my %content = %{$$access_hash{$key}};
                    my $cnum = $content{'number'};
                    my $cdom = $content{'domain'};
                    my $cid = $cdom.'_'.$cnum;
                    if (!exists($allroles{$cid})) {
                        next;
                    }    
                    foreach my $role_id (keys(%{$content{'roles'}})) {
                        my @sections = @{$content{'roles'}{$role_id}{'section'}};
                        my @groups = @{$content{'roles'}{$role_id}{'group'}};
                        my @status = @{$content{'roles'}{$role_id}{'access'}};
                        my @roles = @{$content{'roles'}{$role_id}{'role'}};
                        foreach my $role (keys(%{$allroles{$cid}})) {
                            if ((grep/^all$/,@roles) || (grep/^\Q$role\E$/,@roles)) {
                                foreach my $sec (keys(%{$allroles{$cid}{$role}})) {
                                    if (&course_group_datechecker($allroles{$cid}{$role}{$sec},$now,\@status) eq 'ok') {
                                        if (grep/^all$/,@sections) {
                                            return 'ok';
                                        } else {
                                            if (grep/^$sec$/,@sections) {
                                                return 'ok';
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                if (keys(%{$allgroups{$cid}}) == 0) {
                                    if (grep/^none$/,@groups) {
                                        return 'ok';
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if (grep/^all$/,@groups) {
                                        return 'ok';
                                    } 
                                    foreach my $group (keys(%{$allgroups{$cid}})) {
                                        if (grep/^$group$/,@groups) {
                                            return 'ok';
                                        }
                                    }
                                } 
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($guest) {
                return $guest;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub course_group_datechecker {
    my ($dates,$now,$status) = @_;
    my ($start,$end) = split(/\./,$dates);
    if (!$start && !$end) {
        return 'ok';
    }
    if (grep/^active$/,@{$status}) {
        if (((!$start) || ($start && $start <= $now)) && ((!$end) || ($end && $end >= $now))) {
            return 'ok';
        }
    }
    if (grep/^previous$/,@{$status}) {
        if ($end > $now ) {
            return 'ok';
        }
    }
    if (grep/^future$/,@{$status}) {
        if ($start > $now) {
            return 'ok';
        }
    }
    return; 
}

sub parse_portfolio_url {
    my ($url) = @_;

    my ($type,$udom,$unum,$group,$file_name);
    
    if ($url =~  m-^/*(?:uploaded|editupload)/($match_domain)/($match_username)/portfolio(/.+)$-) {
	$type = 1;
        $udom = $1;
        $unum = $2;
        $file_name = $3;
    } elsif ($url =~ m-^/*(?:uploaded|editupload)/($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/groups/([^/]+)/portfolio/(.+)$-) {
	$type = 2;
        $udom = $1;
        $unum = $2;
        $group = $3;
        $file_name = $3.'/'.$4;
    }
    if (wantarray) {
	return ($type,$udom,$unum,$file_name,$group);
    }
    return $type;
}

sub is_portfolio_url {
    my ($url) = @_;
    return scalar(&parse_portfolio_url($url));
}

sub is_portfolio_file {
    my ($file) = @_;
    if (($file =~ /^portfolio/) || ($file =~ /^groups\/\w+\/portfolio/)) {
        return 1;
    }
    return;
}

sub is_coursetool_logo {
    my ($uri) = @_;
    if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
        my $courseurl = &courseid_to_courseurl($env{'request.course.id'});
        if ($uri =~ m{^/*uploaded\Q$courseurl\E/toollogo/\d+/[^/]+$}) {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub usertools_access {
    my ($uname,$udom,$tool,$action,$context,$userenvref,$domdefref,$is_advref)=@_;
    my ($access,%tools);
    if ($context eq '') {
        $context = 'tools';
    }
    if ($context eq 'requestcourses') {
        %tools = (
                      official   => 1,
                      unofficial => 1,
                      community  => 1,
                      textbook   => 1,
                      placement  => 1,
                      lti        => 1,
                 );
    } elsif ($context eq 'requestauthor') {
        %tools = (
                      requestauthor => 1,
                 );
    } elsif ($context eq 'authordefaults') {
        %tools = (
                      webdav    => 1,
                 );
    } else {
        %tools = (
                      aboutme   => 1,
                      blog      => 1,
                      portfolio => 1,
                      portaccess => 1,
                      timezone  => 1,
                 );
    }
    return if (!defined($tools{$tool}));

    if (($udom eq '') || ($uname eq '')) {
        $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
        $uname = $env{'user.name'};
    }

    if (($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($uname eq $env{'user.name'})) {
        if ($action ne 'reload') {
            if ($context eq 'requestcourses') {
                return $env{'environment.canrequest.'.$tool};
            } elsif ($context eq 'requestauthor') {
                return $env{'environment.canrequest.author'};
            } elsif ($context eq 'authordefaults') {
                if ($tool eq 'webdav') {
                    return $env{'environment.availabletools.'.$tool};
                }
            } else {
                return $env{'environment.availabletools.'.$tool};
            }
        }
    }

    my ($toolstatus,$inststatus,$envkey);
    if ($context eq 'requestauthor') {
        $envkey = $context;
    } elsif ($context eq 'authordefaults') {
        if ($tool eq 'webdav') {
            $envkey = 'tools.'.$tool;
        }
    } else {
        $envkey = $context.'.'.$tool;
    }

    if (($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($uname eq $env{'user.name'}) &&
         ($action ne 'reload')) {
        $toolstatus = $env{'environment.'.$envkey};
        $inststatus = $env{'environment.inststatus'};
    } else {
        if (ref($userenvref) eq 'HASH') {
            $toolstatus = $userenvref->{$envkey};
            $inststatus = $userenvref->{'inststatus'};
        } else {
            my %userenv = &userenvironment($udom,$uname,$envkey,'inststatus');
            $toolstatus = $userenv{$envkey};
            $inststatus = $userenv{'inststatus'};
        }
    }

    if ($toolstatus ne '') {
        if ($toolstatus) {
            $access = 1;
        } else {
            $access = 0;
        }
        return $access;
    }

    my ($is_adv,%domdef);
    if (ref($is_advref) eq 'HASH') {
        $is_adv = $is_advref->{'is_adv'};
    } else {
        $is_adv = &is_advanced_user($udom,$uname);
    }
    if (ref($domdefref) eq 'HASH') {
        %domdef = %{$domdefref};
    } else {
        %domdef = &get_domain_defaults($udom);
    }
    if (ref($domdef{$tool}) eq 'HASH') {
        if ($is_adv) {
            if ($domdef{$tool}{'_LC_adv'} ne '') {
                if ($domdef{$tool}{'_LC_adv'}) { 
                    $access = 1;
                } else {
                    $access = 0;
                }
                return $access;
            }
        }
        if ($inststatus ne '') {
            my ($hasaccess,$hasnoaccess);
            foreach my $affiliation (split(/:/,$inststatus)) {
                if ($domdef{$tool}{$affiliation} ne '') { 
                    if ($domdef{$tool}{$affiliation}) {
                        $hasaccess = 1;
                    } else {
                        $hasnoaccess = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($hasaccess || $hasnoaccess) {
                if ($hasaccess) {
                    $access = 1;
                } elsif ($hasnoaccess) {
                    $access = 0; 
                }
                return $access;
            }
        } else {
            if ($domdef{$tool}{'default'} ne '') {
                if ($domdef{$tool}{'default'}) {
                    $access = 1;
                } elsif ($domdef{$tool}{'default'} == 0) {
                    $access = 0;
                }
                return $access;
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (($context eq 'tools') && ($tool ne 'webdav')) {
            $access = 1;
        } else {
            $access = 0;
        }
        return $access;
    }
}

sub is_course_owner {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$udom,$uname) = @_;
    if (($udom eq '') || ($uname eq '')) {
        $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
        $uname = $env{'user.name'};
    }
    unless (($udom eq '') || ($uname eq '')) {
        if (exists($env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.courseowner'})) {
            if ($env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.courseowner'} eq $uname.':'.$udom) {
                return 1;
            } else {
                my %courseinfo = &coursedescription($cdom.'/'.$cnum);
                if ($courseinfo{'internal.courseowner'} eq $uname.':'.$udom) {
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub is_advanced_user {
    my ($udom,$uname,$nocache) = @_;
    my ($is_adv,$is_author,$use_cache,$hashid);
    if ($udom ne '' && $uname ne '') {
        if (($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($uname eq $env{'user.name'})) {
            if (wantarray) {
                return ($env{'user.adv'},$env{'user.author'});
            } else {
                return $env{'user.adv'};
            }
        } elsif (!$nocache) {
            $use_cache = 1;
            $hashid = "$udom:$uname";  
            my ($info,$cached)=&is_cached_new('isadvau',$hashid);
            if ($cached) {
                ($is_adv,$is_author) = split(/:/,$info);
                if (wantarray) {
                    return ($is_adv,$is_author);
                }
                return $is_adv; 
            }
        }
    }
    my %roleshash = &get_my_roles($uname,$udom,'userroles',undef,undef,undef,1);
    my %allroles;
    foreach my $role (keys(%roleshash)) {
        my ($trest,$tdomain,$trole,$sec) = split(/:/,$role);
        my $area = '/'.$tdomain.'/'.$trest;
        if ($sec ne '') {
            $area .= '/'.$sec;
        }
        if (($area ne '') && ($trole ne '')) {
            my $spec=$trole.'.'.$area;
            if ($trole =~ /^cr\//) {
                &custom_roleprivs(\%allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$trest,$spec,$area);
            } elsif ($trole ne 'gr') {
                &standard_roleprivs(\%allroles,$trole,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$area);
            }
            if ($trole eq 'au') {
                $is_author = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $role (keys(%allroles)) {
        last if ($is_adv);
        foreach my $item (split(/:/,$allroles{$role})) {
            if ($item ne '') {
                my ($privilege,$restrictions)=split(/&/,$item);
                if ($privilege eq 'adv') {
                    $is_adv = 1;
                    last;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($use_cache) {
        my $cachetime = 600;
        &do_cache_new('isadvau',$hashid,$is_adv.':'.$is_author,$cachetime);
    }
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($is_adv,$is_author);
    }
    return $is_adv;
}

sub check_can_request {
    my ($dom,$can_request,$request_domains,$uname,$udom) = @_;
    my $canreq = 0;
    if (($env{'user.name'} ne '') && ($env{'user.domain'} ne '')) {
        $uname = $env{'user.name'};
        $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
    }
    my ($types,$typename) = &Apache::loncommon::course_types();
    my @options = ('approval','validate','autolimit');
    my $optregex = join('|',@options);
    if ((ref($can_request) eq 'HASH') && (ref($types) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        my %willtrust;
        foreach my $type (@{$types}) {
            if (&usertools_access($uname,$udom,$type,undef,
                                  'requestcourses')) {
                $canreq ++;
                if (ref($request_domains) eq 'HASH') {
                    push(@{$request_domains->{$type}},$udom);
                }
                if ($dom eq $udom) {
                    $can_request->{$type} = 1;
                }
            }
            if (($env{'user.name'} ne '') && ($env{'user.domain'} ne '') &&
                ($env{'environment.reqcrsotherdom.'.$type} ne '')) {
                my @curr = split(',',$env{'environment.reqcrsotherdom.'.$type});
                if (@curr > 0) {
                    foreach my $item (@curr) {
                        if (ref($request_domains) eq 'HASH') {
                            my ($otherdom) = ($item =~ /^($match_domain):($optregex)(=?\d*)$/);
                            if ($otherdom ne '') {
                                unless (exists($willtrust{$otherdom})) {
                                    $willtrust{$otherdom} = &will_trust('reqcrs',$env{'user.domain'},$otherdom);
                                }
                                if ($willtrust{$otherdom}) {
                                    if (ref($request_domains->{$type}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                        unless (grep(/^\Q$otherdom\E$/,@{$request_domains->{$type}})) {
                                            push(@{$request_domains->{$type}},$otherdom);
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        push(@{$request_domains->{$type}},$otherdom);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    unless ($dom eq $env{'user.domain'}) {
                        $canreq ++;
                        if (grep(/^\Q$dom\E:($optregex)(=?\d*)$/,@curr)) {
                            $can_request->{$type} = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return $canreq;
}

# ---------------------------------------------- Custom access rule evaluation

sub customaccess {
    my ($priv,$uri)=@_;
    my ($urole,$urealm)=split(/\./,$env{'request.role'},2);
    my (undef,$udom,$ucrs,$usec)=split(/\//,$urealm);
    $udom = &LONCAPA::clean_domain($udom);
    $ucrs = &LONCAPA::clean_username($ucrs);
    my $access=0;
    foreach my $right (split(/\s*\,\s*/,&metadata($uri,'rule_rights'))) {
	my ($effect,$realm,$role,$type)=split(/\:/,$right);
	if ($type eq 'user') {
	    foreach my $scope (split(/\s*\,\s*/,$realm)) {
		my ($tdom,$tuname)=split(m{/},$scope);
		if ($tdom) {
		    if ($tdom ne $env{'user.domain'}) { next; }
		}
		if ($tuname) {
		    if ($tuname ne $env{'user.name'}) { next; }
		}
		$access=($effect eq 'allow');
		last;
	    }
	} else {
	    if ($role) {
		if ($role ne $urole) { next; }
	    }
	    foreach my $scope (split(/\s*\,\s*/,$realm)) {
		my ($tdom,$tcrs,$tsec)=split(/\_/,$scope);
		if ($tdom) {
		    if ($tdom ne $udom) { next; }
		}
		if ($tcrs) {
		    if ($tcrs ne $ucrs) { next; }
		}
		if ($tsec) {
		    if ($tsec ne $usec) { next; }
		}
		$access=($effect eq 'allow');
		last;
	    }
	    if ($realm eq '' && $role eq '') {
		$access=($effect eq 'allow');
	    }
	}
    }
    return $access;
}

# ------------------------------------------------- Check for a user privilege

sub allowed {
    my ($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck,$ignorecache,$nodeeplinkcheck,$nodeeplinkout)=@_;
    my $ver_orguri=$uri;
    $uri=&deversion($uri);
    my $orguri=$uri;
    $uri=&declutter($uri);

    if ($priv eq 'evb') {
# Evade communication block restrictions for specified role in a course or domain
        if ($env{'user.priv.'.$role} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/) {
            return $1;
        } else {
            return;
        }
    }

    if (defined($env{'allowed.'.$priv})) { return $env{'allowed.'.$priv}; }
# Free bre access to adm and meta resources
    if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard|viewclasslist|aboutme|ext\.tool)$})) 
	 || (($uri=~/\.meta$/) && ($uri!~m|^uploaded/|) )) 
	&& ($priv eq 'bre')) {
	return 'F';
    }

# Free bre access to user's own portfolio contents
    my ($space,$domain,$name,@dir)=split('/',$uri);
    if (($space=~/^(uploaded|editupload)$/) && ($env{'user.name'} eq $name) && 
	($env{'user.domain'} eq $domain) && ('portfolio' eq $dir[0])) {
        my %setters;
        my ($startblock,$endblock,$triggerblock,$by_ip,$blockdom) = 
            &Apache::loncommon::blockcheck(\%setters,'port',$clientip);
        if (($startblock && $endblock) || ($by_ip)) {
            return 'B';
        } else {
            return 'F';
        }
    }

# bre access to group portfolio for rgf priv in group, or mdg or vcg in course.
    if (($space=~/^(uploaded|editupload)$/) && ($dir[0] eq 'groups') 
         && ($dir[2] eq 'portfolio') && ($priv eq 'bre')) {
        if (exists($env{'request.course.id'})) {
            my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
            my $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
            if (($domain eq $cdom) && ($name eq $cnum)) {
                my $courseprivid=$env{'request.course.id'};
                $courseprivid=~s/\_/\//;
                if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'.$courseprivid
                    .'/'.$dir[1]} =~/rgf\&([^\:]*)/) {
                    return $1; 
                } else {
                    if ($env{'request.course.sec'}) {
                        $courseprivid.='/'.$env{'request.course.sec'};
                    }
                    if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'.
                        $courseprivid} =~/(mdg|vcg)\&([^\:]*)/) {
                        return $2;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

# Free bre to public access

    if ($priv eq 'bre') {
        my $copyright;
        unless ($uri =~ /ext\.tool/) {
            $copyright=&metadata($uri,'copyright');
        }
	if (($copyright eq 'public') && (!$env{'request.course.id'})) { 
           return 'F'; 
        }
        if ($copyright eq 'priv') {
            $uri=~/([^\/]+)\/([^\/]+)\//;
	    unless (($env{'user.name'} eq $2) && ($env{'user.domain'} eq $1)) {
		return '';
            }
        }
        if ($copyright eq 'domain') {
            $uri=~/([^\/]+)\/([^\/]+)\//;
	    unless (($env{'user.domain'} eq $1) ||
                 ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} eq $1)) {
		return '';
            }
        }
        if ($env{'request.role'}=~ /li\.\//) {
            # Library role, so allow browsing of resources in this domain.
            return 'F';
        }
        if ($copyright eq 'custom') {
	    unless (&customaccess($priv,$uri)) { return ''; }
        }
    }
    # Domain coordinator is trying to create a course
    if (($priv eq 'ccc') && ($env{'request.role'} =~ /^dc\./)) {
        # uri is the requested domain in this case.
        # comparison to 'request.role.domain' shows if the user has selected
        # a role of dc for the domain in question.
        return 'F' if ($uri eq $env{'request.role.domain'});
    }

    my $thisallowed='';
    my $statecond=0;
    my $courseprivid='';

    my $ownaccess;
    # Community Coordinator or Assistant Co-author browsing resource space.
    if (($priv eq 'bro') && ($env{'user.author'})) {
        if ($uri eq '') {
            $ownaccess = 1;
        } else {
            if (($env{'user.domain'} ne '') && ($env{'user.name'} ne '')) {
                my $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
                my $uname = $env{'user.name'};
                if ($uri =~ m{^\Q$udom\E/?$}) {
                    $ownaccess = 1;
                } elsif ($uri =~ m{^\Q$udom\E/\Q$uname\E/?}) {
                    unless ($uri =~ m{\.\./}) {
                        $ownaccess = 1;
                    }
                } elsif (($udom ne 'public') && ($uname ne 'public')) {
                    my $now = time;
                    if ($uri =~ m{^([^/]+)/?$}) {
                        my $adom = $1;
                        foreach my $key (keys(%env)) {
                            if ($key =~ m{^user\.role\.(ca|aa)/\Q$adom\E}) {
                                my ($start,$end) = split(/\./,$env{$key});
                                if (($now >= $start) && (!$end || $end > $now)) {
                                    $ownaccess = 1;
                                    last;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } elsif ($uri =~ m{^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/?}) {
                        my $adom = $1;
                        my $aname = $2;
                        foreach my $role ('ca','aa') { 
                            if ($env{"user.role.$role./$adom/$aname"}) {
                                my ($start,$end) =
                                    split(/\./,$env{"user.role.$role./$adom/$aname"});
                                if (($now >= $start) && (!$end || $end > $now)) {
                                    $ownaccess = 1;
                                    last;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

# Course

    if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'}=~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
        unless (($priv eq 'bro') && (!$ownaccess)) {
            $thisallowed.=$1;
        }
    }

# Domain

    if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'.(split(/\//,$uri))[0].'/'}
       =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
        unless (($priv eq 'bro') && (!$ownaccess)) {
            $thisallowed.=$1;
        }
    }

# User who is not author or co-author might still be able to edit
# resource of an author in the domain (e.g., if Domain Coordinator).
    if (($priv eq 'eco') && ($thisallowed eq '') && ($env{'request.course.id'}) &&
        (&allowed('mdc',$env{'request.course.id'}))) {
        if ($env{"user.priv.cm./$uri/"}=~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
            $thisallowed.=$1;
        }
    }

# Course: uri itself is a course
    my $courseuri=$uri;
    $courseuri=~s/\_(\d)/\/$1/;
    $courseuri=~s/^([^\/])/\/$1/;

    if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'.'.$courseuri}
       =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
        if ($priv eq 'mip') {
            my $rem = $1;
            if (($uri ne '') && ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $uri) &&
                ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.courseowner'} eq $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'})) {
                my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
                if ($cdom ne '') {
                    my %passwdconf = &get_passwdconf($cdom);
                    if (ref($passwdconf{'crsownerchg'}) eq 'HASH') {
                        if (ref($passwdconf{'crsownerchg'}{'by'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                            if (@{$passwdconf{'crsownerchg'}{'by'}}) {
                                my @inststatuses = split(':',$env{'environment.inststatus'});
                                unless (@inststatuses) {
                                    @inststatuses = ('default');
                                }
                                foreach my $status (@inststatuses) {
                                    if (grep(/^\Q$status\E$/,@{$passwdconf{'crsownerchg'}{'by'}})) {
                                        $thisallowed.=$rem;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            unless (($priv eq 'bro') && (!$ownaccess)) {
                $thisallowed.=$1;
            }
        }
    }

# URI is an uploaded document for this course, default permissions don't matter
# not allowing 'edit' access (editupload) to uploaded course docs
    if (($priv eq 'bre') && ($uri=~m|^uploaded/|)) {
	$thisallowed='';
        my ($match)=&is_on_map($uri);
        if ($match) {
            if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'}
                  =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
                my $value = $1;
                my $deeplinkblock;
                unless ($nodeeplinkcheck) {
                    $deeplinkblock = &deeplink_check($priv,$symb,$uri);
                }
                if ($deeplinkblock) {
                    $thisallowed='D';
                } elsif ($noblockcheck) {
                    $thisallowed.=$value;
                } else {
                    my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignorecache);
                    if (@blockers > 0) {
                        $thisallowed = 'B';
                    } else {
                        $thisallowed.=$value;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            my $refuri = $env{'httpref.'.$orguri} || $env{'httpref.'.$ver_orguri};
            if ($refuri) {
                if ($refuri =~ m|^/adm/|) {
                    $thisallowed='F';
                } else {
                    $refuri=&declutter($refuri);
                    my ($match) = &is_on_map($refuri);
                    if ($match) {
                        my $deeplinkblock;
                        unless ($nodeeplinkcheck) {
                            $deeplinkblock = &deeplink_check($priv,$symb,$refuri);
                        }
                        if ($deeplinkblock) {
                            $thisallowed='D';
                        } elsif ($noblockcheck) {
                            $thisallowed='F';
                        } else {
                            my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,'',$refuri,'',1);
                            if (@blockers > 0) {
                                $thisallowed = 'B';
                            } else {
                                $thisallowed='F';
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ($priv eq 'bre'
	&& $thisallowed ne 'F' 
	&& $thisallowed ne '2'
	&& &is_portfolio_url($uri)) {
	$thisallowed = &portfolio_access($uri,$clientip);
    }

# Full access at system, domain or course-wide level? Exit.
    if ($thisallowed=~/F/) {
	return 'F';
    }

# If this is generating or modifying users, exit with special codes

    if (':csu:cdc:ccc:cin:cta:cep:ccr:cst:cad:cli:cau:cdg:cca:caa:vca:vaa:'=~/\:\Q$priv\E\:/) {
	if (($priv eq 'cca') || ($priv eq 'caa')) {
	    my ($audom,$auname)=split('/',$uri);
# no author name given, so this just checks on the general right to make a co-author in this domain
	    unless ($auname) { return $thisallowed; }
# an author name is given, so we are about to actually make a co-author for a certain account
	    if (($auname ne $env{'user.name'} && $env{'request.role'} !~ /^dc\./) ||
		(($audom ne $env{'user.domain'} && $env{'request.role'} !~ /^dc\./) &&
		 ($audom ne $env{'request.role.domain'}))) { return ''; }
	} elsif (($priv eq 'vca') || ($priv eq 'vaa')) {
            my ($audom,$auname)=split('/',$uri);
            unless ($auname) { return $thisallowed; }
            unless (($env{'request.role'} eq "dc./$audom") ||
                    ($env{'request.role'} eq "ca./$uri")) {
                return '';
            }
	}
	return $thisallowed;
    }
#
# Gathered so far: system, domain and course wide privileges
#
# Course: See if uri or referer is an individual resource that is part of 
# the course

    if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {

        if ($priv eq 'bre') {
            if (&is_coursetool_logo($uri)) {
                return 'F';
            }
        }

# If this is modifying password (internal auth) domains must match for user and user's role.

        if ($priv eq 'mip') {
            if ($env{'user.domain'} eq $env{'request.role.domain'}) {
                return $thisallowed;
            } else {
                return '';
            }
        }

       $courseprivid=$env{'request.course.id'};
       if ($env{'request.course.sec'}) {
          $courseprivid.='/'.$env{'request.course.sec'};
       }
       $courseprivid=~s/\_/\//;
       my $checkreferer=1;
       my ($match,$cond)=&is_on_map($uri);
       if ($match) {
           $statecond=$cond;
           if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'.$courseprivid}
               =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
               my $value = $1;
               if ($priv eq 'bre') {
                   my $deeplinkblock;
                   unless ($nodeeplinkcheck) {
                       $deeplinkblock = &deeplink_check($priv,$symb,$uri);
                   }
                   if ($deeplinkblock) {
                       $thisallowed = 'D';
                   } elsif ($noblockcheck) {
                       $thisallowed.=$value;
                   } else {
                       my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignorecache);
                       if (@blockers > 0) {
                           $thisallowed = 'B';
                       } else {
                           $thisallowed.=$value;
                       }
                   }
               } else {
                   $thisallowed.=$value;
               }
               $checkreferer=0;
           }
       }

       if ($checkreferer) {
	  my $refuri=$env{'httpref.'.$orguri};
            unless ($refuri) {
                foreach my $key (keys(%env)) {
		    if ($key=~/^httpref\..*\*/) {
			my $pattern=$key;
                        $pattern=~s/^httpref\.\/res\///;
                        $pattern=~s/\*/\[\^\/\]\+/g;
                        $pattern=~s/\//\\\//g;
                        if ($orguri=~/$pattern/) {
			    $refuri=$env{$key};
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

         if ($refuri) { 
	  $refuri=&declutter($refuri);
          my ($match,$cond)=&is_on_map($refuri);
            if ($match) {
              my $refstatecond=$cond;
              if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'.$courseprivid}
                  =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
                  my $value = $1;
                  if ($priv eq 'bre') {
                      my $deeplinkblock;
                      unless ($nodeeplinkcheck) {
                          $deeplinkblock = &deeplink_check($priv,$symb,$refuri);
                      }
                      if ($deeplinkblock) {
                          $thisallowed = 'D';
                      } elsif ($noblockcheck) {
                          $thisallowed.=$value;
                      } else {
                          my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,'',$refuri,'',1);
                          if (@blockers > 0) {
                              $thisallowed = 'B';
                          } else {
                              $thisallowed.=$value;
                          }
                      }
                  } else {
                      $thisallowed.=$value;
                  }
                  $uri=$refuri;
                  $statecond=$refstatecond;
              }
          }
        }
       }
   }

#
# Gathered now: all privileges that could apply, and condition number
# 
#
# Full or no access?
#

    if ($thisallowed=~/F/) {
	return 'F';
    }

    unless ($thisallowed) {
        return '';
    }

# Restrictions exist, deal with them
#
#   C:according to course preferences
#   R:according to resource settings
#   L:unless locked
#   X:according to user session state
#

# Possibly locked functionality, check all courses
# In roles.tab, L (unless locked) available for bre, pch, plc, pac and sma.
# Locks might take effect only after 10 minutes cache expiration for other
# courses, and 2 minutes for current course, in which user has st or ta role
# which is neither expired nor a future role (unless current course).

    my ($needlockcheck,$now,$crsonly);
    if ($thisallowed=~/L/) {
        $now = time;
        if ($priv eq 'bre') {
            if ($uri ne '') {
                if ($orguri =~ m{^/+res/}) {
                    if ($uri =~ m{^lib/templates/}) {
                        if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
                            $crsonly = 1;
                            $needlockcheck = 1;
                        }
                    } else {
                        $needlockcheck = 1;
                    }
                } elsif ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
                    my ($crsdom,$crsnum) = split('_',$env{'request.course.id'});
                    if (($uri =~ m{^(adm|uploaded|public)/$crsdom/$crsnum/}) ||
                        ($uri =~ m{^adm/$match_domain/$match_username/\d+/(smppg|bulletinboard)$})) {
                        $crsonly = 1;
                    }
                    $needlockcheck = 1;
                }
            }
        } elsif (($priv eq 'pch') || ($priv eq 'plc') || ($priv eq 'pac') || ($priv eq 'sma')) {
            $needlockcheck = 1;
        }
    }
    if ($needlockcheck) {
        foreach my $envkey (keys(%env)) {
           if ($envkey=~/^user\.role\.(st|ta)\.([^\.]*)/) {
               my $courseid=$2;
               my $roleid=$1.'.'.$2;
               $courseid=~s/^\///;
               unless ($env{'request.role'} eq $roleid) {
                   my ($start,$end) = split(/\./,$env{$envkey});
                   next unless (($now >= $start) && (!$end || $end > $now));
               }
               my $expiretime=600;
               if ($env{'request.role'} eq $roleid) {
		  $expiretime=120;
               }
	       my ($cdom,$cnum,$csec)=split(/\//,$courseid);
               my $prefix='course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.';
               if ((time-$env{$prefix.'last_cache'})>$expiretime) {
		   &coursedescription($courseid,{'freshen_cache' => 1});
               }
               if (($env{$prefix.'res.'.$uri.'.lock.sections'}=~/\,\Q$csec\E\,/)
                || ($env{$prefix.'res.'.$uri.'.lock.sections'} eq 'all')) {
		   if ($env{$prefix.'res.'.$uri.'.lock.expire'}>time) {
                       &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},
                            $env{'user.home'},
                            'Locked by res: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' due to '.
                            $cdom.'/'.$cnum.'/'.$csec.' expire '.
                            $env{$prefix.'priv.'.$priv.'.lock.expire'});
		       return '';
                   }
               }
               if (($env{$prefix.'priv.'.$priv.'.lock.sections'}=~/\,\Q$csec\E\,/)
                || ($env{$prefix.'priv.'.$priv.'.lock.sections'} eq 'all')) {
		   if ($env{$prefix.'priv.'.$priv.'.lock.expire'}>time) {
                       &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},
                            $env{'user.home'},
                            'Locked by priv: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' due to '.
                            $cdom.'/'.$cnum.'/'.$csec.' expire '.
                            $env{$prefix.'priv.'.$priv.'.lock.expire'});
		       return '';
                   }
               }
	   }
       }
    }

#
# Rest of the restrictions depend on selected course
#

    unless ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
	if ($thisallowed eq 'A') {
	    return 'A';
        } elsif ($thisallowed eq 'B') {
            return 'B';
	} else {
	    return '1';
	}
    }

#
# Now user is definitely in a course
#


# Course preferences

   if ($thisallowed=~/C/) {
       my $rolecode=(split(/\./,$env{'request.role'}))[0];
       my $unamedom=$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
       if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$priv.'.roles.denied'}
	   =~/\Q$rolecode\E/) {
	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc') && ($priv ne 'pac')) {
	       &logthis($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.home'}.':'.
			'Denied by role: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' as '.$rolecode.' in '.
			$env{'request.course.id'});
	   }
           return '';
       }

       if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$priv.'.users.denied'}
	   =~/\Q$unamedom\E/) {
	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc') && ($priv ne 'pac')) {
	       &logthis($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.home'}.
			'Denied by user: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' as '.$unamedom.' in '.
			$env{'request.course.id'});
	   }
           return '';
       }
   }

# Resource preferences

   if ($thisallowed=~/R/) {
       my $rolecode=(split(/\./,$env{'request.role'}))[0];
       if (&metadata($uri,'roledeny')=~/\Q$rolecode\E/) {
	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc')) { 
	       &logthis($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.home'}.':'.
			'Denied by role: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' as '.$rolecode);
	   }
	   return '';
       }
   }

# Restricted for deeplinked session?

    if ($env{'request.deeplink.login'}) {
        if ($env{'acc.deeplinkout'} && !$nodeeplinkout) {
            if (!$symb) { $symb=&symbread($uri,1); }
            if (($symb) && ($env{'acc.deeplinkout'}=~/\&\Q$symb\E\&/)) {
                return '';
            }
        }
    }

# Restricted by state or randomout?

   if ($thisallowed=~/X/) {
      if ($env{'acc.randomout'}) {
	 if (!$symb) { $symb=&symbread($uri,1); }
         if (($symb) && ($env{'acc.randomout'}=~/\&\Q$symb\E\&/)) { 
            return ''; 
         }
      }
      if (&condval($statecond)) {
	 return '2';
      } else {
         return '';
      }
   }

    if ($thisallowed eq 'A') {
	return 'A';
    } elsif ($thisallowed eq 'B') {
        return 'B';
    } elsif ($thisallowed eq 'D') {
        return 'D';
    }
   return 'F';
}

# ------------------------------------------- Check construction space access

sub constructaccess {
    my ($url,$setpriv)=@_;

# We do not allow editing of previous versions of files
    if ($url=~/\.(\d+)\.(\w+)$/) { return ''; }

# Get username and domain from URL
    my ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);

    ($ownerdomain,$ownername) =
        ($url=~ m{^(?:\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E|)(?:/daxepage|/daxeopen)?/priv/($match_domain)/($match_username)(?:/|$)});

# The URL does not really point to any authorspace, forget it
    unless (($ownername) && ($ownerdomain)) { return ''; }

# Now we need to see if the user has access to the authorspace of
# $ownername at $ownerdomain

    if (($ownername eq $env{'user.name'}) && ($ownerdomain eq $env{'user.domain'})) {
# Real author for this?
       $ownerhome = $env{'user.home'};
       if (exists($env{'user.priv.au./'.$ownerdomain.'/./'})) {
          return ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
       }
    } elsif (&is_course($ownerdomain,$ownername)) {
# Course Authoring Space?
        if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
            if (($ownername eq $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'}) &&
                ($ownerdomain eq $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'})) {
                if (&allowed('mdc',$env{'request.course.id'})) {
                    return if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.crsauthor'} eq '0');
                    unless ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.crsauthor'}) {
                        my %domdefs = &get_domain_defaults($ownerdomain);
                        my $type = lc($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.type'});
                        unless (($type eq 'community') || ($type eq 'placement')) {
                            $type = 'unofficial';
                            if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'internal.coursecode'} ne '') {
                                $type = 'official';
                            } elsif ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'internal.textbook'} ne '') {
                                $type = 'textbook';
                            } else {
                                $type = 'unofficial';
                            }
                        }
                        return if ($domdefs{$type.'crsauthor'} eq '0');
                    }
                    $ownerhome = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.home'};
                    return ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
                }
            }
        }
        return '';
    } else {
# Co-author for this?
        if (exists($env{'user.priv.ca./'.$ownerdomain.'/'.$ownername.'./'}) ||
            exists($env{'user.priv.aa./'.$ownerdomain.'/'.$ownername.'./'}) ) {
            $ownerhome = &homeserver($ownername,$ownerdomain);
            return ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
        }
    }

# We don't have any access right now. If we are not possibly going to do anything about this,
# we might as well leave
   unless ($setpriv) { return ''; }

# Backdoor access?
    my $allowed=&allowed('eco',$ownerdomain);
# Nope
    unless ($allowed) { return ''; }
# Looks like we may have access, but could be locked by the owner of the construction space
    if ($allowed eq 'U') {
        my %blocked=&get('environment',['domcoord.author'],
                         $ownerdomain,$ownername);
# Is blocked by owner
        if ($blocked{'domcoord.author'} eq 'blocked') { return ''; }
    }
    if (($allowed eq 'F') || ($allowed eq 'U')) {
# Grant temporary access
        my $then=$env{'user.login.time'};
        my $update=$env{'user.update.time'};
        if (!$update) { $update = $then; }
        my $refresh=$env{'user.refresh.time'};
        if (!$refresh) { $refresh = $update; }
        my $now = time;
        &check_adhoc_privs($ownerdomain,$ownername,$update,$refresh,
                           $now,'ca','constructaccess');
        $ownerhome = &homeserver($ownername,$ownerdomain);
        return($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
    }
# No business here
    return '';
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------- Content Blocking

{
# Caches for faster Course Contents display where content blocking
# is in operation (i.e., interval param set) for timed quiz.
#
# User for whom data are being temporarily cached.
my $cacheduser='';
# Course for which data are being temporarily cached.
my $cachedcid='';
# Cached blockers for this user (a hash of blocking items). 
my %cachedblockers=();
# When the data were last cached.
my $cachedlast='';

sub load_all_blockers {
    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
    if (($uname ne '') && ($udom ne '')) { 
        if (($cacheduser eq $uname.':'.$udom) &&
            ($cachedcid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) &&
            (abs($cachedlast-time)<5)) {
            return;
        }
    }
    $cachedlast=time;
    $cacheduser=$uname.':'.$udom;
    $cachedcid=$env{'request.course.id'};
    %cachedblockers = &get_commblock_resources();
    return;
}

sub get_comm_blocks {
    my ($cdom,$cnum) = @_;
    if ($cdom eq '' || $cnum eq '') {
        return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    }
    my %commblocks;
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    my ($blocksref,$cached)=&is_cached_new('comm_block',$hashid);
    if ((defined($cached)) && (ref($blocksref) eq 'HASH')) {
        %commblocks = %{$blocksref};
    } else {
        %commblocks = &dump('comm_block',$cdom,$cnum);
        my $cachetime = 600;
        &do_cache_new('comm_block',$hashid,\%commblocks,$cachetime);
    }
    return %commblocks;
}

sub get_commblock_resources {
    my ($blocks) = @_;
    my %blockers = ();
    return %blockers unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
    my $courseurl = &courseid_to_courseurl($env{'request.course.id'});
    if ($env{'request.course.sec'}) {
        $courseurl .= '/'.$env{'request.course.sec'};
    }
    return %blockers if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'.'.$courseurl} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
    my %commblocks;
    if (ref($blocks) eq 'HASH') {
        %commblocks = %{$blocks};
    } else {
        %commblocks = &get_comm_blocks();
    }
    return %blockers unless (keys(%commblocks) > 0); 
    my $navmap = Apache::lonnavmaps::navmap->new();
    return %blockers unless (ref($navmap));
    my $now = time;
    foreach my $block (keys(%commblocks)) {
        if ($block =~ /^(\d+)____(\d+)$/) {
            my ($start,$end) = ($1,$2);
            if ($start <= $now && $end >= $now) {
                if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}) eq 'HASH') {
                        if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
                            if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}})) {
                                $blockers{$block}{maps} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}; 
                            }
                        }
                        if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
                            if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}})) {
                                $blockers{$block}{'resources'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'};
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } elsif ($block =~ /^firstaccess____(.+)$/) {
            my $item = $1;
            if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    my (@interval,$mapname);
                    my $type = 'map';
                    if ($item eq 'course') {
                        $type = 'course';
                        @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval");
                    } else {
                        if ($item =~ /___\d+___/) {
                            $type = 'resource';
                            @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$item);
                        } else {
                            $mapname = &deversion($item);
                            if (ref($navmap)) {
                                my $timelimit = $navmap->get_mapparam(undef,$mapname,'0.interval');
                                @interval = ($timelimit,'map');
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ($interval[0] =~ /^(\d+)/) {
                        my $timelimit = $1; 
                        my $first_access;
                        if ($type eq 'resource') {
                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],$item);
                        } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],undef,$item);
                        } else {
                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1]);
                        }
                        if ($first_access) {
                            my $timesup = $first_access+$timelimit;
                            if ($timesup > $now) {
                                my $activeblock;
                                if ($type eq 'resource') {
                                    if (ref($navmap)) {
                                        my $res = $navmap->getBySymb($item);
                                        if ($res->answerable()) {
                                            $activeblock = 1;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
                                    my $mapsymb = &symbread($mapname,1);
                                    if (($mapsymb) && (ref($navmap))) {
                                        my $mapres = $navmap->getBySymb($mapsymb);
                                        if (ref($mapres)) {
                                            my $first = $mapres->map_start();
                                            my $finish = $mapres->map_finish();
                                            my $it = $navmap->getIterator($first,$finish,undef,0,0);
                                            if (ref($it)) {
                                                my $res;
                                                while ($res = $it->next(undef,1)) {
                                                    next unless (ref($res));
                                                    my $symb = $res->symb();
                                                    next if (($symb eq $mapsymb) || ($symb eq ''));
                                                    @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$symb);
                                                    if ($interval[1] eq 'map') {
                                                        if ($res->answerable()) {
                                                            $activeblock = 1;
                                                            last;
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                if ($activeblock) {
                                    if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
                                         if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}})) {
                                             $blockers{$block}{'maps'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'};
                                         }
                                    }
                                    if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
                                        if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}})) {
                                            $blockers{$block}{'resources'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'};
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %blockers;
}

sub has_comm_blocking {
    my ($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck,$blocked,$blocks) = @_;
    my @blockers;
    return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
    return unless ($priv eq 'bre');
    return if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct');
    my $courseurl = &courseid_to_courseurl($env{'request.course.id'});
    if ($env{'request.course.sec'}) {
        $courseurl .= '/'.$env{'request.course.sec'};
    }
    return if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'.'.$courseurl} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
    my %blockinfo;
    if (ref($blocks) eq 'HASH') {
        %blockinfo = &get_commblock_resources($blocks);
    } else {
        &load_all_blockers($env{'user.name'},$env{'user.domain'});
        %blockinfo = %cachedblockers;
    }
    return unless (keys(%blockinfo) > 0);
    my (%possibles,@symbs);
    if (!$symb) {
        $symb = &symbread($uri,1,1,1,\%possibles,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck);
    }
    if ($symb) {
        @symbs = ($symb);
    } elsif (keys(%possibles)) { 
        @symbs = keys(%possibles);
    }
    my $noblock;
    foreach my $symb (@symbs) {
        last if ($noblock);
        my ($map,$resid,$resurl)=&decode_symb($symb);
        foreach my $block (keys(%blockinfo)) {
            if ($block =~ /^firstaccess____(.+)$/) {
                my $item = $1;
                unless ($blocked) {
                    if (($item eq $map) || ($item eq $symb)) {
                        $noblock = 1;
                        last;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (ref($blockinfo{$block}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($blockinfo{$block}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    if ($blockinfo{$block}{'resources'}{$symb}) {
                        unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
                            push(@blockers,$block);
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (ref($blockinfo{$block}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    if ($blockinfo{$block}{'maps'}{$map}) {
                        unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
                            push(@blockers,$block);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    unless ($noblock) { 
        return @blockers;
    }
    return;
}
}

sub deeplink_check {
    my ($priv,$symb,$uri) = @_;
    return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
    return unless ($priv eq 'bre');
    return if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct');
    return if ($env{'request.role.adv'});
    my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    my $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
    my (%possibles,@symbs);
    if (!$symb) {
        $symb = &symbread($uri,1,1,1,\%possibles);
    }
    if ($symb) {
        @symbs = ($symb);
    } elsif (keys(%possibles)) {
        @symbs = keys(%possibles);
    }

    my ($deeplink_symb,$allow);
    if ($env{'request.deeplink.login'}) {
        $deeplink_symb = &Apache::loncommon::deeplink_login_symb($cnum,$cdom);
    }
    foreach my $symb (@symbs) {
        last if ($allow);
        my $deeplink = &EXT("resource.0.deeplink",$symb);
        if ($deeplink eq '') {
            $allow = 1;
        } else {
            my ($state,$others,$listed,$scope,$protect) = split(/,/,$deeplink);
            if ($state ne 'only') {
                $allow = 1;
            } else {
                my $check_deeplink_entry;
                if ($protect ne 'none') {
                    my ($acctype,$item) = split(/:/,$protect);
                    if (($acctype eq 'ltic') && ($env{'user.linkprotector'})) {
                        if (grep(/^\Q$item\Ec$/,split(/,/,$env{'user.linkprotector'}))) {
                            $check_deeplink_entry = 1
                        }
                    } elsif (($acctype eq 'ltid') && ($env{'user.linkprotector'})) {
                        if (grep(/^\Q$item\Ed$/,split(/,/,$env{'user.linkprotector'}))) {
                            $check_deeplink_entry = 1;
                        }
                    } elsif (($acctype eq 'key') && ($env{'user.deeplinkkey'})) {
                        if (grep(/^\Q$item\E$/,split(/,/,$env{'user.deeplinkkey'}))) {
                            $check_deeplink_entry = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (($protect eq 'none') || ($check_deeplink_entry)) {
                    if ($scope eq 'res') {
                        if ($symb eq $deeplink_symb) {
                            $allow = 1;
                        }
                    } elsif (($scope eq 'map') || ($scope eq 'rec')) {
                        my ($map_from_symb,$map_from_login);
                        $map_from_symb = &deversion((&decode_symb($symb))[0]);
                        if ($deeplink_symb =~ /\.(page|sequence)$/) {
                            $map_from_login = &deversion((&decode_symb($deeplink_symb))[2]);
                        } else {
                            $map_from_login = &deversion((&decode_symb($deeplink_symb))[0]);
                        }
                        if (($map_from_symb) && ($map_from_login)) {
                            if ($map_from_symb eq $map_from_login) {
                                $allow = 1;
                            } elsif ($scope eq 'rec') {
                                my @recurseup = &get_map_hierarchy($map_from_symb,$env{'request.course.id'});
                                if (grep(/^\Q$map_from_login\E$/,@recurseup)) {
                                    $allow = 1;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return if ($allow);
    return 1;
}

# -------------------------------- Deversion and split uri into path an filename   

#
#   Removes the version from a URI and
#   splits it in to its filename and path to the filename.
#   Seems like File::Basename could have done this more clearly.
#   Parameters:
#      $uri   - input URI
#   Returns:
#     Two element list consisting of 
#     $pathname  - the URI up to and excluding the trailing /
#     $filename  - The part of the URI following the last /
#  NOTE:
#    Another realization of this is simply:
#    use File::Basename;
#    ...
#    $uri = shift;
#    $filename = basename($uri);
#    $path     = dirname($uri);
#    return ($filename, $path);
#
#     The implementation below is probably faster however.
#
sub split_uri_for_cond {
    my $uri=&deversion(&declutter(shift));
    my @uriparts=split(/\//,$uri);
    my $filename=pop(@uriparts);
    my $pathname=join('/',@uriparts);
    return ($pathname,$filename);
}
# --------------------------------------------------- Is a resource on the map?

sub is_on_map {
    my ($pathname,$filename) = &split_uri_for_cond(shift);
    #Trying to find the conditional for the file
    my $match=($env{'acc.res.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$pathname}=~
	       /\&\Q$filename\E\:([\d\|]+)\&/);
    if ($match) {
	return (1,$1);
    } else {
	return (0,0);
    }
}

# --------------------------------------------------------- Get symb from alias

sub get_symb_from_alias {
    my $symb=shift;
    my ($map,$resid,$url)=&decode_symb($symb);
# Already is a symb
    if ($url) { return $symb; }
# Must be an alias
    my $aliassymb='';
    my %bighash;
    if (tie(%bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
                            &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
        my $rid=$bighash{'mapalias_'.$symb};
	if ($rid) {
	    my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$rid);
	    $aliassymb=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
				    $resid,$bighash{'src_'.$rid});
	}
        untie %bighash;
    }
    return $aliassymb;
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------- Define Role

sub definerole {
  if (allowed('mcr','/')) {
    my ($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole,$uname,$udom)=@_;
    foreach my $role (split(':',$sysrole)) {
	my ($crole,$cqual)=split(/\&/,$role);
        if ($pr{'cr:s'}!~/\Q$crole\E/) { return "refused:s:$crole"; }
        if ($pr{'cr:s'}=~/\Q$crole\E\&/) {
	    if ($pr{'cr:s'}!~/\Q$crole\E\&\w*\Q$cqual\E/) { 
               return "refused:s:$crole&$cqual"; 
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $role (split(':',$domrole)) {
	my ($crole,$cqual)=split(/\&/,$role);
        if ($pr{'cr:d'}!~/\Q$crole\E/) { return "refused:d:$crole"; }
        if ($pr{'cr:d'}=~/\Q$crole\E\&/) {
	    if ($pr{'cr:d'}!~/\Q$crole\W\&\w*\Q$cqual\E/) { 
               return "refused:d:$crole&$cqual"; 
            }
        }
    }
    foreach my $role (split(':',$courole)) {
	my ($crole,$cqual)=split(/\&/,$role);
        if ($pr{'cr:c'}!~/\Q$crole\E/) { return "refused:c:$crole"; }
        if ($pr{'cr:c'}=~/\Q$crole\E\&/) {
	    if ($pr{'cr:c'}!~/\Q$crole\E\&\w*\Q$cqual\E/) { 
               return "refused:c:$crole&$cqual"; 
            }
        }
    }
    my $uhome;
    if (($uname ne '') && ($udom ne '')) {
        $uhome = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
        return $uhome if ($uhome eq 'no_host');
    } else {
        $uname = $env{'user.name'};
        $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
        $uhome = $env{'user.home'};
    }
    my $command="encrypt:rolesput:$env{'user.domain'}:$env{'user.name'}:".
                "$udom:$uname:rolesdef_$rolename=".
                escape($sysrole.'_'.$domrole.'_'.$courole);
    return reply($command,$uhome);
  } else {
    return 'refused';
  }
}

# ---------------- Make a metadata query against the network of library servers

sub metadata_query {
    my ($query,$custom,$customshow,$server_array,$domains_hash)=@_;
    my %rhash;
    my %libserv = &all_library();
    my @server_list = (defined($server_array) ? @$server_array
                                              : keys(%libserv) );
    for my $server (@server_list) {
        my $domains = ''; 
        if (ref($domains_hash) eq 'HASH') {
            $domains = $domains_hash->{$server}; 
        }
	unless ($custom or $customshow) {
	    my $reply=&reply("querysend:".&escape($query).':::'.&escape($domains),$server);
	    $rhash{$server}=$reply;
	}
	else {
	    my $reply=&reply("querysend:".&escape($query).':'.
			     &escape($custom).':'.&escape($customshow).':'.&escape($domains),
			     $server);
	    $rhash{$server}=$reply;
	}
    }
    return \%rhash;
}

# ----------------------------------------- Send log queries and wait for reply

sub log_query {
    my ($uname,$udom,$query,%filters)=@_;
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if ($uhome eq 'no_host') { return 'error: no_host'; }
    my $uhost=&hostname($uhome);
    my $command=&escape(join(':',map{$_.'='.$filters{$_}} keys(%filters)));
    my $queryid=&reply("querysend:".$query.':'.$udom.':'.$uname.':'.$command,
                       $uhome);
    unless ($queryid=~/^\Q$uhost\E\_/) { return 'error: '.$queryid; }
    return get_query_reply($queryid);
}

# -------------------------- Update MySQL table for portfolio file

sub update_portfolio_table {
    my ($uname,$udom,$file_name,$query,$group,$action) = @_;
    if ($group ne '') {
        $file_name =~s /^\Q$group\E//;
    }
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
    my $queryid=
        &reply("querysend:".$query.':'.&escape($uname.':'.$udom.':'.$group).
               ':'.&escape($file_name).':'.$action,$homeserver);
    my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
    return $reply;
}

# -------------------------- Update MySQL allusers table

sub update_allusers_table {
    my ($uname,$udom,$names) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
    my $queryid=
        &reply('querysend:allusers:'.&escape($uname).':'.&escape($udom).':'.
               'lastname='.&escape($names->{'lastname'}).'%%'.
               'firstname='.&escape($names->{'firstname'}).'%%'.
               'middlename='.&escape($names->{'middlename'}).'%%'.
               'generation='.&escape($names->{'generation'}).'%%'.
               'permanentemail='.&escape($names->{'permanentemail'}).'%%'.
               'id='.&escape($names->{'id'}),$homeserver);
    return;
}

# ------- Request retrieval of institutional classlists for course(s)

sub fetch_enrollment_query {
    my ($context,$affiliatesref,$replyref,$dom,$cnum) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,$sleep,$loopmax);
    my $maxtries = 1;
    if ($context eq 'automated') {
        $homeserver = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
        $sleep = 2;
        $loopmax = 100;
        $maxtries = 10; # will wait for up to 2000s for retrieval of classlist data before timeout
    } else {
        $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$dom);
    }
    my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
    my $cmd = '';
    foreach my $affiliate (keys(%{$affiliatesref})) {
        $cmd .= $affiliate.'='.join(",",@{$$affiliatesref{$affiliate}}).'%%';
    }
    $cmd =~ s/%%$//;
    $cmd = &escape($cmd);
    my $query = 'fetchenrollment';
    my $queryid=&reply("querysend:".$query.':'.$dom.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$cmd,$homeserver);
    unless ($queryid=~/^\Q$host\E\_/) { 
        &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query: invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$host.' and homeserver: '.$homeserver.' context: '.$context.' '.$cnum); 
        return 'error: '.$queryid;
    }
    my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax);
    my $tries = 1;
    while (($reply=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
        $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax);
        $tries ++;
    }
    if ( ($reply =~/^timeout/) || ($reply =~/^error/) ) {
        &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query error: '.$reply.' for '.$dom.' '.$env{'user.name'}.' for '.$queryid.' context: '.$context.' '.$cnum.' maxtries: '.$maxtries.' tries: '.$tries);
    } else {
        my @responses = split(/:/,$reply);
        if (grep { $_ eq $homeserver } &current_machine_ids()) {
            foreach my $line (@responses) {
                my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$line,2);
                $$replyref{$key} = $value;
            }
        } else {
            my $pathname = LONCAPA::tempdir();
            foreach my $line (@responses) {
                my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$line);
                $$replyref{$key} = $value;
                if ($value > 0) {
                    foreach my $item (@{$$affiliatesref{$key}}) {
                        my $filename = $dom.'_'.$key.'_'.$item.'_classlist.xml';
                        my $destname = $pathname.'/'.$filename;
                        my $xml_classlist = &reply("autoretrieve:".$filename,$homeserver);
                        if ($xml_classlist =~ /^error/) {
                            &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query - autoretrieve error: '.$xml_classlist.' for '.$filename.' from server: '.$homeserver.' '.$context.' '.$cnum);
                        } else {
                            if ( open(FILE,">",$destname) ) {
                                print FILE &unescape($xml_classlist);
                                close(FILE);
                            } else {
                                &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query - error opening classlist file '.$destname.' '.$context.' '.$cnum);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return 'ok';
    }
    return 'error';
}

sub get_query_reply {
    my ($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax) = @_;
    if (($sleep eq '') || ($sleep !~ /^\d+\.?\d*$/)) {
        $sleep = 0.2;
    }
    if (($loopmax eq '') || ($loopmax =~ /\D/)) {
        $loopmax = 100;
    }
    my $replyfile=LONCAPA::tempdir().$queryid;
    my $reply='';
    for (1..$loopmax) {
	sleep($sleep);
        if (-e $replyfile.'.end') {
	    if (open(my $fh,"<",$replyfile)) {
		$reply = join('',<$fh>);
		close($fh);
	   } else { return 'error: reply_file_error'; }
           return &unescape($reply);
	}
    }
    return 'timeout:'.$queryid;
}

sub courselog_query {
#
# possible filters:
# url: url or symb
# username
# domain
# action: view, submit, grade
# start: timestamp
# end: timestamp
#
    my (%filters)=@_;
    unless ($env{'request.course.id'}) { return 'no_course'; }
    if ($filters{'url'}) {
	$filters{'url'}=&symbclean(&declutter($filters{'url'}));
        $filters{'url'}=~s/\.(\w+)$/(\\.\\d+)*\\.$1/;
        $filters{'url'}=~s/\.(\w+)\_\_\_/(\\.\\d+)*\\.$1/;
    }
    my $cname=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
    my $cdom=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    return &log_query($cname,$cdom,'courselog',%filters);
}

sub userlog_query {
#
# possible filters:
# action: log check role
# start: timestamp
# end: timestamp
#
    my ($uname,$udom,%filters)=@_;
    return &log_query($uname,$udom,'userlog',%filters);
}

#--------- Call auto-enrollment subs in localenroll.pm for homeserver for course 

sub auto_run {
    my ($cnum,$cdom) = @_;
    my $response = 0;
    my $settings;
    my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['autoenroll'],$cdom);
    if (ref($domconfig{'autoenroll'}) eq 'HASH') {
        $settings = $domconfig{'autoenroll'};
        if ($settings->{'run'} eq '1') {
            $response = 1;
        }
    } else {
        my $homeserver;
        if (&is_course($cdom,$cnum)) {
            $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        } else {
            $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
        }
        if ($homeserver ne 'no_host') {
            $response = &reply('autorun:'.$cdom,$homeserver);
        }
    }
    return $response;
}

sub auto_get_sections {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$inst_coursecode) = @_;
    my $homeserver;
    if (($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) && ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/)) { 
        $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    }
    if (!defined($homeserver)) { 
        if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
            $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
        }
    }
    my @secs;
    if (defined($homeserver)) {
        my $response=&unescape(&reply('autogetsections:'.$inst_coursecode.':'.$cdom,$homeserver));
        unless ($response eq 'refused') {
            @secs = split(/:/,$response);
        }
    }
    return @secs;
}

sub auto_new_course {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$inst_course_id,$owner,$coowners) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $response=&unescape(&reply('autonewcourse:'.$inst_course_id.':'.&escape($owner).':'.$cdom.':'.&escape($coowners),$homeserver));
    return $response;
}

sub auto_validate_courseID {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$inst_course_id) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $response=&unescape(&reply('autovalidatecourse:'.$inst_course_id.':'.$cdom,$homeserver));
    return $response;
}

sub auto_validate_instcode {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$instcode,$owner) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,$response);
    if (($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) && ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/)) {
        $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    }
    if (!defined($homeserver)) {
        if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
            $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
        }
    }
    $response=&unescape(&reply('autovalidateinstcode:'.$cdom.':'.
                        &escape($instcode).':'.&escape($owner),$homeserver));
    my ($outcome,$description,$defaultcredits) = map { &unescape($_); } split('&',$response,3);
    return ($outcome,$description,$defaultcredits);
}

sub auto_validate_inst_crosslist {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$instcode,$inst_xlist,$coowner) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,$response);
    if (($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) && ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/)) {
        $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    }
    if (!defined($homeserver)) {
        if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
            $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
        }
    }
    unless (($homeserver eq '') || ($homeserver eq 'no_host')) {
        $response=&reply('autovalidateinstcrosslist:'.$cdom.':'.
                         &escape($instcode).':'.&escape($inst_xlist).':'.
                         &escape($coowner),$homeserver);
    }
    return $response;
}

sub auto_create_password {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$authparam,$udom) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,$response);
    my $create_passwd = 0;
    my $authchk = '';
    if ($udom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
        $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
    }
    if ($homeserver eq '') {
        if (($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) && ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/)) {
            $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        }
    }
    if ($homeserver eq '') {
        $authchk = 'nodomain';
    } else {
        $response=&unescape(&reply('autocreatepassword:'.$authparam.':'.$cdom,$homeserver));
        if ($response eq 'refused') {
            $authchk = 'refused';
        } else {
            ($authparam,$create_passwd,$authchk) = split(/:/,$response);
        }
    }
    return ($authparam,$create_passwd,$authchk);
}

sub auto_photo_permission {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$students) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my ($outcome,$perm_reqd,$conditions) = 
	split(/:/,&unescape(&reply('autophotopermission:'.$cdom,$homeserver)),3);
    if ($outcome =~ /^(con_lost|unknown_cmd|no_such_host)$/) {
	return (undef,undef);
    }
    return ($outcome,$perm_reqd,$conditions);
}

sub auto_checkphotos {
    my ($uname,$udom,$pid) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
    my ($result,$resulttype);
    my $outcome = &unescape(&reply('autophotocheck:'.&escape($udom).':'.
				   &escape($uname).':'.&escape($pid),
				   $homeserver));
    if ($outcome =~ /^(con_lost|unknown_cmd|no_such_host)$/) {
	return (undef,undef);
    }
    if ($outcome) {
        ($result,$resulttype) = split(/:/,$outcome);
    } 
    return ($result,$resulttype);
}

sub auto_photochoice {
    my ($cnum,$cdom) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my ($update,$comment) = split(/:/,&unescape(&reply('autophotochoice:'.
						       &escape($cdom),
						       $homeserver)));
    if ($update =~ /^(con_lost|unknown_cmd|no_such_host)$/) {
	return (undef,undef);
    }
    return ($update,$comment);
}

sub auto_photoupdate {
    my ($affiliatesref,$dom,$cnum,$photo) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$dom);
    my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
    my $cmd = '';
    my $maxtries = 1;
    foreach my $affiliate (keys(%{$affiliatesref})) {
        $cmd .= $affiliate.'='.join(",",@{$$affiliatesref{$affiliate}}).'%%';
    }
    $cmd =~ s/%%$//;
    $cmd = &escape($cmd);
    my $query = 'institutionalphotos';
    my $queryid=&reply("querysend:".$query.':'.$dom.':'.$cnum.':'.$cmd,$homeserver);
    unless ($queryid=~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
        &logthis('institutionalphotos: invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$host.' and homeserver: '.$homeserver.' and course: '.$cnum);
        return 'error: '.$queryid;
    }
    my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
    my $tries = 1;
    while (($reply=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
        $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
        $tries ++;
    }
    if ( ($reply =~/^timeout/) || ($reply =~/^error/) ) {
        &logthis('institutionalphotos error: '.$reply.' for '.$dom.' '.$env{'user.name'}.' for '.$queryid.' course: '.$cnum.' maxtries: '.$maxtries.' tries: '.$tries);
    } else {
        my @responses = split(/:/,$reply);
        my $outcome = shift(@responses); 
        foreach my $item (@responses) {
            my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$item);
            $$photo{$key} = $value;
        }
        return $outcome;
    }
    return 'error';
}

sub auto_instcode_format {
    my ($caller,$codedom,$instcodes,$codes,$codetitles,$cat_titles,
	$cat_order) = @_;
    my $courses = '';
    my @homeservers;
    if ($caller eq 'global') {
	my %servers = &get_servers($codedom,'library');
	foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
	    if (!grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@homeservers)) {
		push(@homeservers,$tryserver);
	    }
        }
    } elsif ($caller eq 'requests') {
        if ($codedom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
            my $chome = &domain($codedom,'primary');
            unless ($chome eq 'no_host') {
                push(@homeservers,$chome);
            }
        }
    } else {
        push(@homeservers,&homeserver($caller,$codedom));
    }
    foreach my $code (keys(%{$instcodes})) {
        $courses .= &escape($code).'='.&escape($$instcodes{$code}).'&';
    }
    chop($courses);
    my $ok_response = 0;
    my $response;
    while (@homeservers > 0 && $ok_response == 0) {
        my $server = shift(@homeservers); 
        $response=&reply('autoinstcodeformat:'.$codedom.':'.$courses,$server);
        if ($response !~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
            my ($codes_str,$codetitles_str,$cat_titles_str,$cat_order_str) = 
		split(/:/,$response);
            %{$codes} = (%{$codes},&str2hash($codes_str));
            push(@{$codetitles},&str2array($codetitles_str));
            %{$cat_titles} = (%{$cat_titles},&str2hash($cat_titles_str));
            %{$cat_order} = (%{$cat_order},&str2hash($cat_order_str));
            $ok_response = 1;
        }
    }
    if ($ok_response) {
        return 'ok';
    } else {
        return $response;
    }
}

sub auto_instcode_defaults {
    my ($domain,$returnhash,$code_order) = @_;
    my @homeservers;

    my %servers = &get_servers($domain,'library');
    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
	if (!grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@homeservers)) {
	    push(@homeservers,$tryserver);
	}
    }

    my $response;
    foreach my $server (@homeservers) {
        $response=&reply('autoinstcodedefaults:'.$domain,$server);
        next if ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/);
	
	foreach my $pair (split(/\&/,$response)) {
	    my ($name,$value)=split(/\=/,$pair);
	    if ($name eq 'code_order') {
		@{$code_order} = split(/\&/,&unescape($value));
	    } else {
		$returnhash->{&unescape($name)}=&unescape($value);
	    }
	}
	return 'ok';
    }

    return $response;
}

sub auto_possible_instcodes {
    my ($domain,$codetitles,$cat_titles,$cat_orders,$code_order) = @_;
    unless ((ref($codetitles) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($cat_titles) eq 'HASH') && 
            (ref($cat_orders) eq 'HASH') && (ref($code_order) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        return;
    }
    my (@homeservers,$uhome);
    if (defined(&domain($domain,'primary'))) {
        $uhome=&domain($domain,'primary');
        push(@homeservers,&domain($domain,'primary'));
    } else {
        my %servers = &get_servers($domain,'library');
        foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
            if (!grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@homeservers)) {
                push(@homeservers,$tryserver);
            }
        }
    }
    my $response;
    foreach my $server (@homeservers) {
        $response=&reply('autopossibleinstcodes:'.$domain,$server);
        next if ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/);
        my ($codetitlestr,$codeorderstr,$cat_title,$cat_order) = 
            split(':',$response);
        @{$codetitles} = map { &unescape($_); } (split('&',$codetitlestr));
        @{$code_order} = map { &unescape($_); } (split('&',$codeorderstr));
        foreach my $item (split('&',$cat_title)) {   
            my ($name,$value)=split('=',$item);
            $cat_titles->{&unescape($name)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
        }
        foreach my $item (split('&',$cat_order)) {
            my ($name,$value)=split('=',$item);
            $cat_orders->{&unescape($name)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
        }
        return 'ok';
    }
    return $response;
}

sub auto_courserequest_checks {
    my ($dom) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,%validations);
    if ($dom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
        $homeserver = &domain($dom,'primary');
    }
    unless ($homeserver eq 'no_host') {
        my $response=&reply('autocrsreqchecks:'.$dom,$homeserver);
        unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
            my @items = split(/&/,$response);
            foreach my $item (@items) {
                my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
                $validations{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
            }
        }
    }
    return %validations; 
}

sub auto_courserequest_validation {
    my ($dom,$owner,$crstype,$inststatuslist,$instcode,$instseclist,$custominfo) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,$response);
    if ($dom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
        $homeserver = &domain($dom,'primary');
    }
    unless ($homeserver eq 'no_host') {
        my $customdata;
        if (ref($custominfo) eq 'HASH') {
            $customdata = &freeze_escape($custominfo);
        }
        $response=&unescape(&reply('autocrsreqvalidation:'.$dom.':'.&escape($owner).
                                    ':'.&escape($crstype).':'.&escape($inststatuslist).
                                    ':'.&escape($instcode).':'.&escape($instseclist).':'.
                                    $customdata,$homeserver));
    }
    return $response;
}

sub auto_validate_class_sec {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$owners,$inst_class) = @_;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $ownerlist;
    if (ref($owners) eq 'ARRAY') {
        $ownerlist = join(',',@{$owners});
    } else {
        $ownerlist = $owners;
    }
    my $response=&reply('autovalidateclass_sec:'.$inst_class.':'.
                        &escape($ownerlist).':'.$cdom,$homeserver);
    return $response;
}

sub auto_instsec_reformat {
    my ($cdom,$action,$instsecref) = @_;
    return unless(($action eq 'clutter') || ($action eq 'declutter'));
    my @homeservers;
    if (defined(&domain($cdom,'primary'))) {
        push(@homeservers,&domain($cdom,'primary'));
    } else {
        my %servers = &get_servers($cdom,'library');
        foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
            if (!grep(/^\Q$tryserver\E$/,@homeservers)) {
                push(@homeservers,$tryserver);
            }
        }
    }
    my $response;
    my %reformatted = %{$instsecref};
    foreach my $server (@homeservers) {
        if (ref($instsecref) eq 'HASH') {
            my $info = &freeze_escape($instsecref);
            my $response=&reply('autoinstsecreformat:'.$cdom.':'.
                                $action.':'.$info,$server);
            next if ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused|unknown_command)/);
            my @items = split(/&/,$response);
            foreach my $item (@items) {
                my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$item);
                $reformatted{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
            }
        }
    }
    return %reformatted;
}

sub auto_validate_instclasses {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$owners,$classesref) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,%validations);
    $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    unless ($homeserver eq 'no_host') {
        my $ownerlist;
        if (ref($owners) eq 'ARRAY') {
            $ownerlist = join(',',@{$owners});
        } else {
            $ownerlist = $owners;
        }
        if (ref($classesref) eq 'HASH') {
            my $classes = &freeze_escape($classesref);
            my $response=&reply('autovalidateinstclasses:'.&escape($ownerlist).
                                ':'.$cdom.':'.$classes,$homeserver);
            unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
                my @items = split(/&/,$response);
                foreach my $item (@items) {
                    my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
                    $validations{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %validations;
}

sub auto_crsreq_update {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$crstype,$action,$ownername,$ownerdomain,$fullname,$title,
        $code,$accessstart,$accessend,$inbound) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,%crsreqresponse);
    if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
        $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
    }
    unless (($homeserver eq 'no_host') || ($homeserver eq '')) {
        my $info;
        if (ref($inbound) eq 'HASH') {
            $info = &freeze_escape($inbound);
        }
        my $response=&reply('autocrsrequpdate:'.$cdom.':'.$cnum.':'.&escape($crstype).
                            ':'.&escape($action).':'.&escape($ownername).':'.
                            &escape($ownerdomain).':'.&escape($fullname).':'.
                            &escape($title).':'.&escape($code).':'.
                            &escape($accessstart).':'.&escape($accessend).':'.$info,
                            $homeserver);
        unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
            my @items = split(/&/,$response);
            foreach my $item (@items) {
                my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
                $crsreqresponse{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
            }
        }
    }
    return \%crsreqresponse;
}

sub auto_export_grades {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$inforef,$gradesref) = @_;
    my ($homeserver,%exportresponse);
    if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
        $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
    }
    unless (($homeserver eq 'no_host') || ($homeserver eq '')) {
        my $info;
        if (ref($inforef) eq 'HASH') {
            $info = &freeze_escape($inforef);
        }
        if (ref($gradesref) eq 'HASH') {
            my $grades = &freeze_escape($gradesref);
            my $response=&reply('encrypt:autoexportgrades:'.$cdom.':'.$cnum.':'.
                                $info.':'.$grades,$homeserver);
            unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused|unknown_command)/) {
                my @items = split(/&/,$response);
                foreach my $item (@items) {
                    my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
                    $exportresponse{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return \%exportresponse;
}

sub check_instcode_cloning {
    my ($codedefaults,$code_order,$cloner,$clonefromcode,$clonetocode) = @_;
    unless ((ref($codedefaults) eq 'HASH') && (ref($code_order) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        return;
    }
    my $canclone;
    if (@{$code_order} > 0) {
        my $instcoderegexp ='^';
        my @clonecodes = split(/\&/,$cloner);
        foreach my $item (@{$code_order}) {
            if (grep(/^\Q$item\E=/,@clonecodes)) {
                foreach my $pair (@clonecodes) {
                    my ($key,$val) = split(/\=/,$pair,2);
                    $val = &unescape($val);
                    if ($key eq $item) {
                        $instcoderegexp .= '('.$val.')';
                        last;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $instcoderegexp .= $codedefaults->{$item};
            }
        }
        $instcoderegexp .= '$';
        my (@from,@to);
        eval {
               (@from) = ($clonefromcode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
               (@to) = ($clonetocode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
        };
        if ((@from > 0) && (@to > 0)) {
            my @diffs = &Apache::loncommon::compare_arrays(\@from,\@to);
            if (!@diffs) {
                $canclone = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return $canclone;
}

sub default_instcode_cloning {
    my ($clonedom,$domdefclone,$clonefromcode,$clonetocode,$codedefaultsref,$codeorderref) = @_;
    my (%codedefaults,@code_order,$canclone);
    if ((ref($codedefaultsref) eq 'HASH') && (ref($codeorderref) eq 'ARRAY')) {
        %codedefaults = %{$codedefaultsref};
        @code_order = @{$codeorderref};
    } elsif ($clonedom) {
        &auto_instcode_defaults($clonedom,\%codedefaults,\@code_order);
    }
    if (($domdefclone) && (@code_order)) {
        my @clonecodes = split(/\+/,$domdefclone);
        my $instcoderegexp ='^';
        foreach my $item (@code_order) {
            if (grep(/^\Q$item\E$/,@clonecodes)) {
                $instcoderegexp .= '('.$codedefaults{$item}.')';
            } else {
                $instcoderegexp .= $codedefaults{$item};
            }
        }
        $instcoderegexp .= '$';
        my (@from,@to);
        eval {
            (@from) = ($clonefromcode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
            (@to) = ($clonetocode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
        };
        if ((@from > 0) && (@to > 0)) {
            my @diffs = &Apache::loncommon::compare_arrays(\@from,\@to);
            if (!@diffs) {
                $canclone = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return $canclone;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------- Course Group routines

sub get_coursegroups {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$group,$namespace) = @_;
    return(&dump($namespace,$cdom,$cnum,$group));
}

sub modify_coursegroup {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$groupsettings) = @_;
    return(&put('coursegroups',$groupsettings,$cdom,$cnum));
}

sub toggle_coursegroup_status {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$group,$action) = @_;
    my ($from_namespace,$to_namespace);
    if ($action eq 'delete') {
        $from_namespace = 'coursegroups';
        $to_namespace = 'deleted_groups';
    } else {
        $from_namespace = 'deleted_groups';
        $to_namespace = 'coursegroups';
    }
    my %curr_group = &get_coursegroups($cdom,$cnum,$group,$from_namespace);
    if (my $tmp = &error(%curr_group)) {
        &Apache::lonnet::logthis('Error retrieving group: '.$tmp.' in '.$cnum.':'.$cdom);
        return ('read error',$tmp);
    } else {
        my %savedsettings = %curr_group; 
        my $result = &put($to_namespace,\%savedsettings,$cdom,$cnum);
        my $deloutcome;
        if ($result eq 'ok') {
            $deloutcome = &del($from_namespace,[$group],$cdom,$cnum);
        } else {
            return ('write error',$result);
        }
        if ($deloutcome eq 'ok') {
            return 'ok';
        } else {
            return ('delete error',$deloutcome);
        }
    }
}

sub modify_group_roles {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$group_id,$user,$end,$start,$userprivs,$selfenroll,$context,
        $othdomby,$requester) = @_;
    my $url = '/'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum.'/'.$group_id;
    my $role = 'gr/'.&escape($userprivs);
    my ($uname,$udom) = split(/:/,$user);
    my $result = &assignrole($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$end,$start,'',$selfenroll,$context,
                             $othdomby,$requester);
    if ($result eq 'ok') {
        &devalidate_getgroups_cache($udom,$uname,$cdom,$cnum);
    }
    return $result;
}

sub modify_coursegroup_membership {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$membership) = @_;
    my $result = &put('groupmembership',$membership,$cdom,$cnum);
    return $result;
}

sub get_active_groups {
    my ($udom,$uname,$cdom,$cnum) = @_;
    my $now = time;
    my %groups = ();
    foreach my $key (keys(%env)) {
        if ($key =~ m-user\.role\.gr\./($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/(\w+)$-) {
            my ($start,$end) = split(/\./,$env{$key});
            if (($end!=0) && ($end<$now)) { next; }
            if (($start!=0) && ($start>$now)) { next; }
            if ($1 eq $cdom && $2 eq $cnum) {
                $groups{$3} = $env{$key} ;
            }
        }
    }
    return %groups;
}

sub get_group_membership {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$group) = @_;
    return(&dump('groupmembership',$cdom,$cnum,$group));
}

sub get_users_groups {
    my ($udom,$uname,$courseid) = @_;
    my @usersgroups;
    my $cachetime=1800;

    my $hashid="$udom:$uname:$courseid";
    my ($grouplist,$cached)=&is_cached_new('getgroups',$hashid);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        @usersgroups = split(/:/,$grouplist);
    } else {  
        $grouplist = '';
        my $courseurl = &courseid_to_courseurl($courseid);
        my %roleshash = &dump('roles',$udom,$uname,$courseurl);
        my $access_end = $env{'course.'.$courseid.
                              '.default_enrollment_end_date'};
        my $now = time;
        foreach my $key (keys(%roleshash)) {
            if ($key =~ /^\Q$courseurl\E\/(\w+)\_gr$/) {
                my $group = $1;
                if ($roleshash{$key} =~ /_(\d+)_(\d+)$/) {
                    my $start = $2;
                    my $end = $1;
                    if ($start == -1) { next; } # deleted from group
                    if (($start!=0) && ($start>$now)) { next; }
                    if (($end!=0) && ($end<$now)) {
                        if ($access_end && $access_end < $now) {
                            if ($access_end - $end < 86400) {
                                push(@usersgroups,$group);
                            }
                        }
                        next;
                    }
                    push(@usersgroups,$group);
                }
            }
        }
        @usersgroups = &sort_course_groups($courseid,@usersgroups);
        $grouplist = join(':',@usersgroups);
        &do_cache_new('getgroups',$hashid,$grouplist,$cachetime);
    }
    return @usersgroups;
}

sub devalidate_getgroups_cache {
    my ($udom,$uname,$cdom,$cnum)=@_;
    my $courseid = $cdom.'_'.$cnum;

    my $hashid="$udom:$uname:$courseid";
    &devalidate_cache_new('getgroups',$hashid);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------ Plain Text

sub plaintext {
    my ($short,$type,$cid,$forcedefault) = @_;
    if ($short =~ m{^cr/}) {
	return (split('/',$short))[-1];
    }
    if (!defined($cid)) {
        $cid = $env{'request.course.id'};
    }
    my %rolenames = (
                      Course    => 'std',
                      Community => 'alt1',
                      Placement => 'std',
                    );
    if ($cid ne '') {
        if ($env{'course.'.$cid.'.'.$short.'.plaintext'} ne '') {
            unless ($forcedefault) {
                my $roletext = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.'.$short.'.plaintext'}; 
                &Apache::lonlocal::mt_escape(\$roletext);
                return &Apache::lonlocal::mt($roletext);
            }
        }
    }
    if ((defined($type)) && (defined($rolenames{$type})) &&
        (defined($rolenames{$type})) && 
        (defined($prp{$short}{$rolenames{$type}}))) {
        return &Apache::lonlocal::mt($prp{$short}{$rolenames{$type}});
    } elsif ($cid ne '') {
        my $crstype = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.type'};
        if (($crstype ne '') && (defined($rolenames{$crstype})) &&
            (defined($prp{$short}{$rolenames{$crstype}}))) {
            return &Apache::lonlocal::mt($prp{$short}{$rolenames{$crstype}});
        }
    }
    return &Apache::lonlocal::mt($prp{$short}{'std'});
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------- Assign Role

sub assignrole {
    my ($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$end,$start,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,
        $context,$othdomby,$requester,$reqsec,$reqrole)=@_;
    my ($mrole,$rolelogcontext);
    if ($role =~ /^cr\//) {
        my $cwosec=$url;
        $cwosec=~s/^\/($match_domain)\/($match_courseid)\/.*/$1\/$2/;
        if ((!&allowed('ccr',$cwosec)) && (!&allowed('ccr',$udom))) {
            my $refused = 1;
            if ($context eq 'requestcourses') {
                if (($env{'user.name'} ne '') && ($env{'user.domain'} ne '')) {
                    if ($role =~ m{^cr/($match_domain)/($match_username)/([^/]+)$}) {
                        if (($1 eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($2 eq $env{'user.name'})) {
                            my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($cwosec =~ m{^/?($match_domain)/($match_courseid)$});
                            my %crsenv = &userenvironment($cdom,$cnum,('internal.courseowner'));
                            if ($crsenv{'internal.courseowner'} eq
                                $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}) {
                                $refused = '';
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } elsif (($context eq 'course') && ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser')) {
                my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($cwosec =~ m{^/?($match_domain)/($match_courseid)$});
                my ($sec) = ($url =~ m{^/\Q$cwosec\E/(.*)$});
                my $key = "$uname:$udom:$role:$sec";
                my %queuedrolereq = &Apache::lonnet::get('nohist_othdomqueued',[$key],$cdom,$cnum);
                if ((exists($queuedrolereq{$key})) && (ref($queuedrolereq{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                    if (($queuedrolereq{$key}{'adj'} eq 'user') && ($queuedrolereq{$key}{'requester'} eq $requester)) {
                        $refused = '';
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($refused) {
                &logthis('Refused custom assignrole: '.
                         $udom.' '.$uname.' '.$url.' '.$role.' '.$end.' '.$start.
                         ' by '.$env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'});
                return 'refused';
            }
        }
        $mrole='cr';
    } elsif ($role =~ /^gr\//) {
        my $cwogrp=$url;
        $cwogrp=~s{^/($match_domain)/($match_courseid)/.*}{$1/$2};
        if (!&allowed('mdg',$cwogrp)) {
            my $refused = 1;
            if (($refused) && ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser') && ($requester ne '') && ($reqrole ne '')) {
                my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($cwogrp =~ m{^/?($match_domain)/($match_courseid)$});
                my $key = "$uname:$udom:$reqrole:$reqsec";
                my %queuedrolereq = &Apache::lonnet::get('nohist_othdomqueued',[$key],$cdom,$cnum);
                if ((exists($queuedrolereq{$key})) && (ref($queuedrolereq{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                    if (($queuedrolereq{$key}{'adj'} eq 'user') && ($queuedrolereq{$key}{'requester'} eq $requester)) {
                        $refused = '';
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($refused) {
                &logthis('Refused group assignrole: '.
                         $udom.' '.$uname.' '.$url.' '.$role.' '.$end.' '.$start.' by '.
                         $env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'});
                return 'refused';
            }
        }
        $mrole='gr';
    } else {
        my $cwosec=$url;
        $cwosec=~s/^\/($match_domain)\/($match_courseid)\/.*/$1\/$2/;
        if (!(&allowed('c'.$role,$cwosec)) && !(&allowed('c'.$role,$udom))) {
            my $refused;
            if (($env{'request.course.sec'}  ne '') && ($role eq 'st')) {
                if (!(&allowed('c'.$role,$url))) {
                    $refused = 1;
                }
            } else {
                $refused = 1;
            }
            if ($refused) {
                my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($cwosec =~ m{^/?($match_domain)/($match_courseid)$});
                if (!$selfenroll && ($othdomby ne 'othdombyuser') &&
                   (($context eq 'course') || ($context eq 'ltienroll' && $env{'request.lti.login'}))) {
                    my %crsenv;
                    if ($role eq 'cc' || $role eq 'co') {
                        %crsenv = &userenvironment($cdom,$cnum,('internal.courseowner'));
                        if (($role eq 'cc') && ($cnum !~ /^$match_community$/)) {
                            if ($env{'request.role'} eq 'cc./'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum) {
                                if ($crsenv{'internal.courseowner'} eq 
                                    $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}) {
                                    $refused = '';
                                }
                            }
                        } elsif (($role eq 'co') && ($cnum =~ /^$match_community$/)) { 
                            if ($env{'request.role'} eq 'co./'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum) {
                                if ($crsenv{'internal.courseowner'} eq 
                                    $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}) {
                                    $refused = '';
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } elsif (($selfenroll == 1) && ($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($uname eq $env{'user.name'})) {
                    if ($role eq 'st') {
                        $refused = '';
                    } elsif (($context eq 'ltienroll') && ($env{'request.lti.login'})) {
                        $refused = '';
                    }
                } elsif ($othdomby eq 'othdombyuser') {
                    my ($key,%queuedrolereq);
                    if ($context eq 'course') {
                        my ($sec) = ($url =~ m{^/\Q$cwosec\E/(.*)$});
                        $key = "$uname:$udom:$role:$sec";
                        %queuedrolereq = &Apache::lonnet::get('nohist_othdomqueued',[$key],$cdom,$cnum);
                        if ((exists($queuedrolereq{$key})) && (ref($queuedrolereq{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                            if (($queuedrolereq{$key}{'adj'} eq 'user') && ($queuedrolereq{$key}{'requester'} eq $requester)) {
                                if ((($role eq 'cc') && ($cnum !~ /^$match_community$/)) || 
                                    (($role eq 'co') && ($cnum =~ /^$match_community$/))) {
                                    my %crsenv = &userenvironment($cdom,$cnum,('internal.courseowner'));
                                    if ($crsenv{'internal.courseowner'} eq $requester) {
                                        $refused = '';
                                    }
                                } elsif ($role =~ /^(?:in|ta|ep|st)$/) {
                                    $refused = '';
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } elsif (($context eq 'author') && ($role =~ /^ca|aa$/)) {
                        my $key = "$uname:$udom:$role"; 
                        my ($audom,$auname) = ($url =~ m{^/($match_domain)/($match_username)$});
                        if (($audom ne '') && ($auname ne '')) {
                            my %queuedrolereq = &Apache::lonnet::get('nohist_othdomqueued',[$key],$audom,$auname);
                            if ((exists($queuedrolereq{$key})) && (ref($queuedrolereq{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                                if (($queuedrolereq{$key}{'adj'} eq 'user') && ($queuedrolereq{$key}{'requester'} eq $requester)) {
                                    $refused = '';
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } elsif (($context eq 'domain') && ($role ne 'dc') && ($role ne 'su')) {
                        my $key = "$uname:$udom:$role";
                        my ($roledom) = ($url =~ m{^/($match_domain)/\Q$role\E$});
                        if ($roledom ne '') {
                            my $confname = $roledom.'-domainconfig';
                            my %queuedrolereq = &Apache::lonnet::get('nohist_othdomqueued',[$key],$roledom,$confname);
                            if ((exists($queuedrolereq{$key})) && (ref($queuedrolereq{$key}) eq 'HASH')) {
                                if (($queuedrolereq{$key}{'adj'} eq 'user') && ($queuedrolereq{$key}{'requester'} eq $requester)) {
                                    $refused = '';
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } elsif ($context eq 'requestcourses') {
                    my @possroles = ('st','ta','ep','in','cc','co');
                    if ((grep(/^\Q$role\E$/,@possroles)) && ($env{'user.name'} ne '' && $env{'user.domain'} ne '')) {
                        my $wrongcc;
                        if ($cnum =~ /^$match_community$/) {
                            $wrongcc = 1 if ($role eq 'cc');
                        } else {
                            $wrongcc = 1 if ($role eq 'co');
                        }
                        unless ($wrongcc) {
                            my %crsenv = &userenvironment($cdom,$cnum,('internal.courseowner'));
                            if ($crsenv{'internal.courseowner'} eq 
                                 $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}) {
                                $refused = '';
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } elsif ($context eq 'requestauthor') {
                    if (($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($uname eq $env{'user.name'}) && 
                        ($url eq '/'.$udom.'/') && ($role eq 'au')) {
                        if ($env{'environment.requestauthor'} eq 'automatic') {
                            $refused = '';
                        } else {
                            my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($udom);
                            if (ref($domdefaults{'requestauthor'}) eq 'HASH') {
                                my $checkbystatus;
                                if ($env{'user.adv'}) { 
                                    my $disposition = $domdefaults{'requestauthor'}{'_LC_adv'};
                                    if ($disposition eq 'automatic') {
                                        $refused = '';
                                    } elsif ($disposition eq '') {
                                        $checkbystatus = 1;
                                    } 
                                } else {
                                    $checkbystatus = 1;
                                }
                                if ($checkbystatus) {
                                    if ($env{'environment.inststatus'}) {
                                        my @inststatuses = split(/,/,$env{'environment.inststatus'});
                                        foreach my $type (@inststatuses) {
                                            if (($type ne '') &&
                                                ($domdefaults{'requestauthor'}{$type} eq 'automatic')) {
                                                $refused = '';
                                            }
                                        }
                                    } elsif ($domdefaults{'requestauthor'}{'default'} eq 'automatic') {
                                        $refused = '';
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } elsif (($context eq 'author') && (($role eq 'ca' || $role eq 'aa'))) {
                    if ($url =~ m{^/($match_domain)/($match_username)$}) {
                        my ($audom,$auname) = ($1,$2);
                        if ((&Apache::lonnet::allowed('v'.$role,"$audom/$auname")) &&
                            ($env{"environment.internal.manager.$url"})) {
                            $refused = '';
                            $rolelogcontext = 'coauthor';
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($refused) {
                    &logthis('Refused assignrole: '.$udom.' '.$uname.' '.$url.
                             ' '.$role.' '.$end.' '.$start.' by '.
	  	             $env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'});
                    return 'refused';
                }
            }
        } elsif ($role eq 'au') {
            if ($url ne '/'.$udom.'/') {
                &logthis('Attempt by '.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}.
                         ' to assign author role for '.$uname.':'.$udom.
                         ' in domain: '.$url.' refused (wrong domain).');
                return 'refused';
            }
        }
        $mrole=$role;
    }
    my $command="encrypt:rolesput:$env{'user.domain'}:$env{'user.name'}:".
                "$udom:$uname:$url".'_'."$mrole=$role";
    if ($end) { $command.='_'.$end; }
    if ($start) {
	if ($end) { 
           $command.='_'.$start; 
        } else {
           $command.='_0_'.$start;
        }
    }
    my $origstart = $start;
    my $origend = $end;
    my $delflag;
# actually delete
    if ($deleteflag) {
	if ((&allowed('dro',$udom)) || (&allowed('dro',$url))) {
# modify command to delete the role
           $command="encrypt:rolesdel:$env{'user.domain'}:$env{'user.name'}:".
                "$udom:$uname:$url".'_'."$mrole";
	   &logthis("$env{'user.name'} at $env{'user.domain'} deletes $mrole in $url for $uname at $udom"); 
# set start and finish to negative values for userrolelog
           $start=-1;
           $end=-1;
           $delflag = 1;
        }
    }
# send command
    my $answer=&reply($command,&homeserver($uname,$udom));
# log new user role if status is ok
    if ($answer eq 'ok') {
	&userrolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$start,$end);
        if (($role eq 'cc') || ($role eq 'in') ||
            ($role eq 'ep') || ($role eq 'ad') ||
            ($role eq 'ta') || ($role eq 'st') ||
            ($role=~/^cr/) || ($role eq 'gr') ||
            ($role eq 'co')) {
# for course roles, perform group memberships changes triggered by role change.
            unless ($role =~ /^gr/) {
                &Apache::longroup::group_changes($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$origend,
                                                 $origstart,$selfenroll,$context);
            }
            &courserolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$origstart,$origend,$delflag,
                           $selfenroll,$context,$othdomby,$requester);
        } elsif (($role eq 'li') || ($role eq 'dg') || ($role eq 'sc') ||
                 ($role eq 'au') || ($role eq 'dc') || ($role eq 'dh') ||
                 ($role eq 'da')) {
            &domainrolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$origstart,$origend,$delflag,
                           $context,$othdomby,$requester);
        } elsif (($role eq 'ca') || ($role eq 'aa')) {
            if ($rolelogcontext eq '') {
                $rolelogcontext = $context;
            }
            &coauthorrolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$origstart,$origend,$delflag,
                             $rolelogcontext,$othdomby,$requester); 
        }
        if ($role eq 'cc') {
            &autoupdate_coowners($url,$end,$start,$uname,$udom);
        }
    }
    return $answer;
}

sub autoupdate_coowners {
    my ($url,$end,$start,$uname,$udom) = @_;
    my ($cdom,$cnum) = ($url =~ m{^/($match_domain)/($match_courseid)});
    if (($cdom ne '') && ($cnum ne '')) {
        my $now = time;
        my %domdesign = &Apache::loncommon::get_domainconf($cdom);
        if ($domdesign{$cdom.'.autoassign.co-owners'}) {
            my %coursehash = &coursedescription($cdom.'_'.$cnum);
            my $instcode = $coursehash{'internal.coursecode'};
            my $xlists = $coursehash{'internal.crosslistings'};
            if ($instcode ne '') {
                if (($start && $start <= $now) && ($end == 0) || ($end > $now)) {
                    unless ($coursehash{'internal.courseowner'} eq $uname.':'.$udom) {
                        my ($delcoowners,@newcoowners,$putresult,$delresult,$coowners);
                        my ($result,$desc) = &auto_validate_instcode($cnum,$cdom,$instcode,$uname.':'.$udom);
                        unless ($result eq 'valid') {
                            if ($xlists ne '') {
                                foreach my $xlist (split(',',$xlists)) {
                                    my ($inst_crosslist,$lcsec) = split(':',$xlist);
                                    $result =
                                        &auto_validate_inst_crosslist($cnum,$cdom,$instcode,
                                                                      $inst_crosslist,$uname.':'.$udom);
                                    last if ($result eq 'valid');
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if ($result eq 'valid') {
                            if ($coursehash{'internal.co-owners'}) {
                                foreach my $coowner (split(',',$coursehash{'internal.co-owners'})) {
                                    push(@newcoowners,$coowner);
                                }
                                unless (grep(/^\Q$uname\E:\Q$udom\E$/,@newcoowners)) {
                                    push(@newcoowners,$uname.':'.$udom);
                                }
                                @newcoowners = sort(@newcoowners);
                            } else {
                                push(@newcoowners,$uname.':'.$udom);
                            }
                        } elsif ($coursehash{'internal.co-owners'}) {
                            foreach my $coowner (split(',',$coursehash{'internal.co-owners'})) {
                                unless ($coowner eq $uname.':'.$udom) {
                                    push(@newcoowners,$coowner);
                                }
                            }
                            unless (@newcoowners > 0) {
                                $delcoowners = 1;
                                $coowners = '';
                            }
                        }
                        if (@newcoowners || $delcoowners) {
                            &store_coowners($cdom,$cnum,$coursehash{'home'},
                                            $delcoowners,@newcoowners);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

sub store_coowners {
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$chome,$delcoowners,@newcoowners) = @_;
    my $cid = $cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    my ($coowners,$delresult,$putresult);
    if (@newcoowners) {
        $coowners = join(',',@newcoowners);
        my %coownershash = (
                            'internal.co-owners' => $coowners,
                           );
        $putresult = &put('environment',\%coownershash,$cdom,$cnum);
        if ($putresult eq 'ok') {
            if ($env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'} eq $cnum) {
                &appenv({'course.'.$cid.'.internal.co-owners' => $coowners});
            }
        }
    }
    if ($delcoowners) {
        $delresult = &Apache::lonnet::del('environment',['internal.co-owners'],$cdom,$cnum);
        if ($delresult eq 'ok') {
            if ($env{'course.'.$cid.'.internal.co-owners'}) {
                &Apache::lonnet::delenv('course.'.$cid.'.internal.co-owners');
            }
        }
    }
    if (($putresult eq 'ok') || ($delresult eq 'ok')) {
        my %crsinfo =
            &courseiddump($cdom,'.',1,'.','.',$cnum,undef,undef,'.');
        if (ref($crsinfo{$cid}) eq 'HASH') {
            $crsinfo{$cid}{'co-owners'} = \@newcoowners;
            my $cidput = &courseidput($cdom,\%crsinfo,$chome,'notime');
        }
    }
}

# -------------------------------------------------- Modify user authentication
# Overrides without validation

sub modifyuserauth {
    my ($udom,$uname,$umode,$upass)=@_;
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
    my $allowed;
    if (&allowed('mau',$udom)) {
        $allowed = 1;
    } elsif (($umode eq 'internal') && ($udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) &&
             ($env{'request.course.id'}) && (&allowed('mip',$env{'request.course.id'})) &&
             (!$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.internal.nopasswdchg'})) {
        my $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
        my $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
        if (($cdom ne '') && ($cnum ne '')) {
            my $is_owner = &is_course_owner($cdom,$cnum);
            if ($is_owner) {
                $allowed = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    unless ($allowed) { return 'refused'; }
    &logthis('Call to modify user authentication '.$udom.', '.$uname.', '.
             $umode.' by '.$env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'}.
             ' in domain '.$env{'request.role.domain'});  
    my $reply=&reply('encrypt:changeuserauth:'.$udom.':'.$uname.':'.$umode.':'.
		     &escape($upass),$uhome);
    my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},
        'Authentication changed for '.$udom.', '.$uname.', '.$umode.
         '(Remote '.$ip.'): '.$reply);
    &log($udom,,$uname,$uhome,
        'Authentication changed by '.$env{'user.domain'}.', '.
                                     $env{'user.name'}.', '.$umode.
         '(Remote '.$ip.'): '.$reply);
    unless ($reply eq 'ok') {
        &logthis('Authentication mode error: '.$reply);
	return 'error: '.$reply;
    }   
    return 'ok';
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- Modify a user

sub modifyuser {
    my ($udom,    $uname, $uid,
        $umode,   $upass, $first,
        $middle,  $last,  $gene,
        $forceid, $desiredhome, $email, $inststatus, $candelete)=@_;
    $udom= &LONCAPA::clean_domain($udom);
    $uname=&LONCAPA::clean_username($uname);
    my $showcandelete = 'none';
    if (ref($candelete) eq 'ARRAY') {
        if (@{$candelete} > 0) {
            $showcandelete = join(', ',@{$candelete});
        }
    }
    &logthis('Call to modify user '.$udom.', '.$uname.', '.$uid.', '.
             $umode.', '.$first.', '.$middle.', '.
	     $last.', '.$gene.'(forceid: '.$forceid.'; candelete: '.$showcandelete.')'.
             (defined($desiredhome) ? ' desiredhome = '.$desiredhome :
                                     ' desiredhome not specified'). 
             ' by '.$env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'}.
             ' in domain '.$env{'request.role.domain'});
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,'true');
    my $newuser;
    if ($uhome eq 'no_host') {
        $newuser = 1;
        unless (($umode && ($upass ne '')) || ($umode eq 'localauth') ||
                ($umode eq 'lti')) {
            return 'error: more information needed to create new user';
        }
    }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- Create User
    if (($uhome eq 'no_host') && 
	(($umode && $upass) || ($umode eq 'localauth') || ($umode eq 'lti'))) {
        my $unhome='';
        if (defined($desiredhome) && &host_domain($desiredhome) eq $udom) { 
            $unhome = $desiredhome;
	} elsif($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'} eq $udom) {
	    $unhome=$env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.home'};
        } else { # load balancing routine for determining $unhome
            my $loadm=10000000;
	    my %servers = &get_servers($udom,'library');
	    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
		my $answer=reply('load',$tryserver);
		if (($answer=~/\d+/) && ($answer<$loadm)) {
		    $loadm=$answer;
		    $unhome=$tryserver;
		}
	    }
        }
        if (($unhome eq '') || ($unhome eq 'no_host')) {
	    return 'error: unable to find a home server for '.$uname.
                   ' in domain '.$udom;
        }
        my $reply=&reply('encrypt:makeuser:'.$udom.':'.$uname.':'.$umode.':'.
                         &escape($upass),$unhome);
	unless ($reply eq 'ok') {
            return 'error: '.$reply;
        }   
        $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,'true');
        if (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host') || ($uhome ne $unhome)) {
	    return 'error: unable verify users home machine.';
        }
    }   # End of creation of new user
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Add ID
    if ($uid) {
       $uid=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
       my %uidhash=&idrget($udom,$uname);
       if (($uidhash{$uname}) && ($uidhash{$uname}!~/error\:/) 
         && (!$forceid)) {
	  unless ($uid eq $uidhash{$uname}) {
	      return 'error: user id "'.$uid.'" does not match '.
                  'current user id "'.$uidhash{$uname}.'".';
          }
       } else {
	  &idput($udom,{$uname => $uid},$uhome,'ids');
       }
    }
# -------------------------------------------------------------- Add names, etc
    my @tmp=&get('environment',
		   ['firstname','middlename','lastname','generation','id',
                    'permanentemail','inststatus'],
		   $udom,$uname);
    my (%names,%oldnames);
    if ($tmp[0] =~ m/^error:.*/) { 
        %names=(); 
    } else {
        %names = @tmp;
        %oldnames = %names;
    }
#
# If name, email and/or uid are blank (e.g., because an uploaded file
# of users did not contain them), do not overwrite existing values
# unless field is in $candelete array ref.  
#

    my @fields = ('firstname','middlename','lastname','generation',
                  'permanentemail','id');
    my %newvalues;
    if (ref($candelete) eq 'ARRAY') {
        foreach my $field (@fields) {
            if (grep(/^\Q$field\E$/,@{$candelete})) {
                if ($field eq 'firstname') {
                    $names{$field} = $first;
                } elsif ($field eq 'middlename') {
                    $names{$field} = $middle;
                } elsif ($field eq 'lastname') {
                    $names{$field} = $last;
                } elsif ($field eq 'generation') { 
                    $names{$field} = $gene;
                } elsif ($field eq 'permanentemail') {
                    $names{$field} = $email;
                } elsif ($field eq 'id') {
                    $names{$field}  = $uid;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($first)  { $names{'firstname'}  = $first; }
    if (defined($middle)) { $names{'middlename'} = $middle; }
    if ($last)   { $names{'lastname'}   = $last; }
    if (defined($gene))   { $names{'generation'} = $gene; }
    if ($email) {
       $email=~s/[^\w\@\.\-\,]//gs;
       if ($email=~/\@/) { $names{'permanentemail'} = $email; }
    }
    if ($uid) { $names{'id'}  = $uid; }
    if (defined($inststatus)) {
        $names{'inststatus'} = '';
        my ($usertypes,$typesorder) = &retrieve_inst_usertypes($udom);
        if (ref($usertypes) eq 'HASH') {
            my @okstatuses; 
            foreach my $item (split(/:/,$inststatus)) {
                if (defined($usertypes->{$item})) {
                    push(@okstatuses,$item);  
                }
            }
            if (@okstatuses) {
                $names{'inststatus'} = join(':', map { &escape($_); } @okstatuses);
            }
        }
    }
    my $logmsg = $udom.', '.$uname.', '.$uid.', '.
                 $umode.', '.$first.', '.$middle.', '.
                 $last.', '.$gene.', '.$email.', '.$inststatus;
    if ($env{'user.name'} ne '' && $env{'user.domain'}) {
        $logmsg .= ' by '.$env{'user.name'}.' at '.$env{'user.domain'};
    } else {
        $logmsg .= ' during self creation';
    }
    my $changed;
    if ($newuser) {
        $changed = 1;
    } else {
        foreach my $field (@fields) {
            if ($names{$field} ne $oldnames{$field}) {
                $changed = 1;
                last;
            }
        }
    }
    unless ($changed) {
        $logmsg = 'No changes in user information needed for: '.$logmsg;
        &logthis($logmsg);
        return 'ok';
    }
    my $reply = &put('environment', \%names, $udom,$uname);
    if ($reply ne 'ok') { 
        return 'error: '.$reply;
    }
    if ($names{'permanentemail'} ne $oldnames{'permanentemail'}) {
        &devalidate_cache_new('emailscache',$uname.':'.$udom);
    }
    my $sqlresult = &update_allusers_table($uname,$udom,\%names);
    &devalidate_cache_new('namescache',$uname.':'.$udom);
    $logmsg = 'Success modifying user '.$logmsg;
    &logthis($logmsg);
    return 'ok';
}

# -------------------------------------------------------------- Modify student

sub modifystudent {
    my ($udom,$uname,$uid,$umode,$upass,$first,$middle,$last,$gene,$usec,
        $end,$start,$forceid,$desiredhome,$email,$type,$locktype,$cid,
        $selfenroll,$context,$inststatus,$credits,$instsec)=@_;
    if (!$cid) {
	unless ($cid=$env{'request.course.id'}) {
	    return 'not_in_class';
	}
    }
# --------------------------------------------------------------- Make the user
    my $reply=&modifyuser
	($udom,$uname,$uid,$umode,$upass,$first,$middle,$last,$gene,$forceid,
         $desiredhome,$email,$inststatus);
    unless ($reply eq 'ok') { return $reply; }
    # This will cause &modify_student_enrollment to get the uid from the
    # student's environment
    $uid = undef if (!$forceid);
    $reply = &modify_student_enrollment($udom,$uname,$uid,$first,$middle,$last,
                                        $gene,$usec,$end,$start,$type,$locktype,
                                        $cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits,$instsec);
    return $reply;
}

sub modify_student_enrollment {
    my ($udom,$uname,$uid,$first,$middle,$last,$gene,$usec,$end,$start,$type,
        $locktype,$cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits,$instsec,$othdomby,$requester) = @_;
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$chome);
    if (!$cid) {
	unless ($cid=$env{'request.course.id'}) {
	    return 'not_in_class';
	}
	$cdom=$env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
	$cnum=$env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'};
    } else {
	($cdom,$cnum)=split(/_/,$cid);
    }
    $chome=$env{'course.'.$cid.'.home'};
    if (!$chome) {
	$chome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    }
    if (!$chome) { return 'unknown_course'; }
    # Make sure the user exists
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
    if (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) { 
	return 'error: no such user';
    }
    # Get student data if we were not given enough information
    if (!defined($first)  || $first  eq '' || 
        !defined($last)   || $last   eq '' || 
        !defined($uid)    || $uid    eq '' || 
        !defined($middle) || $middle eq '' || 
        !defined($gene)   || $gene   eq '') {
        # They did not supply us with enough data to enroll the student, so
        # we need to pick up more information.
        my %tmp = &get('environment',
                       ['firstname','middlename','lastname', 'generation','id']
                       ,$udom,$uname);

        #foreach my $key (keys(%tmp)) {
        #    &logthis("key $key = ".$tmp{$key});
        #}
        $first  = $tmp{'firstname'}  if (!defined($first)  || $first  eq '');
        $middle = $tmp{'middlename'} if (!defined($middle) || $middle eq '');
        $last   = $tmp{'lastname'}   if (!defined($last)   || $last eq '');
        $gene   = $tmp{'generation'} if (!defined($gene)   || $gene eq '');
        $uid    = $tmp{'id'}         if (!defined($uid)    || $uid  eq '');
    }
    my $fullname = &format_name($first,$middle,$last,$gene,'lastname');
    my $user = "$uname:$udom";
    my %old_entry = &get('classlist',[$user],$cdom,$cnum);
    my $reply=cput('classlist',
		   {$user => 
			join(':',$end,$start,$uid,$usec,$fullname,$type,$locktype,$credits,$instsec) },
		   $cdom,$cnum);
    if (($reply eq 'ok') || ($reply eq 'delayed')) {
        &devalidate_getsection_cache($udom,$uname,$cid);
    } else { 
	return 'error: '.$reply;
    }
    # Add student role to user
    my $uurl='/'.$cid;
    $uurl=~s/\_/\//g;
    if ($usec) {
	$uurl.='/'.$usec;
    }
    my $result = &assignrole($udom,$uname,$uurl,'st',$end,$start,undef,
                             $selfenroll,$context,$othdomby,$requester);
    if ($result ne 'ok') {
        if ($old_entry{$user} ne '') {
            $reply = &cput('classlist',\%old_entry,$cdom,$cnum);
        } else {
            $reply = &del('classlist',[$user],$cdom,$cnum);
        }
    }
    return $result; 
}

sub format_name {
    my ($firstname,$middlename,$lastname,$generation,$first)=@_;
    my $name;
    if ($first ne 'lastname') {
	$name=$firstname.' '.$middlename.' '.$lastname.' '.$generation;
    } else {
	if ($lastname=~/\S/) {
	    $name.= $lastname.' '.$generation.', '.$firstname.' '.$middlename;
	    $name=~s/\s+,/,/;
	} else {
	    $name.= $firstname.' '.$middlename.' '.$generation;
	}
    }
    $name=~s/^\s+//;
    $name=~s/\s+$//;
    $name=~s/\s+/ /g;
    return $name;
}

# ------------------------------------------------- Write to course preferences

sub writecoursepref {
    my ($courseid,%prefs)=@_;
    $courseid=~s/^\///;
    $courseid=~s/\_/\//g;
    my ($cdomain,$cnum)=split(/\//,$courseid);
    my $chome=homeserver($cnum,$cdomain);
    if (($chome eq '') || ($chome eq 'no_host')) { 
	return 'error: no such course';
    }
    my $cstring='';
    foreach my $pref (keys(%prefs)) {
	$cstring.=&escape($pref).'='.&escape($prefs{$pref}).'&';
    }
    $cstring=~s/\&$//;
    return reply('put:'.$cdomain.':'.$cnum.':environment:'.$cstring,$chome);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Make/modify course

sub createcourse {
    my ($udom,$description,$url,$course_server,$nonstandard,$inst_code,
        $course_owner,$crstype,$cnum,$context,$category,$callercontext)=@_;
    $url=&declutter($url);
    my $cid='';
    if ($context eq 'requestcourses') {
        my $can_create = 0;
        my ($ownername,$ownerdom) = split(':',$course_owner);
        if ($udom eq $ownerdom) {
            my $reload;
            if (($callercontext eq 'auto') &&
               ($ownerdom eq $env{'user.domain'}) && ($ownername eq $env{'user.name'})) {
                $reload = 'reload';
            }
            if (&usertools_access($ownername,$ownerdom,$category,$reload,
                                  $context)) {
                $can_create = 1;
            }
        } else {
            my %userenv = &userenvironment($ownerdom,$ownername,'reqcrsotherdom.'.
                                           $category);
            if ($userenv{'reqcrsotherdom.'.$category} ne '') {
                my @curr = split(',',$userenv{'reqcrsotherdom.'.$category});
                if (@curr > 0) {
                    my @options = qw(approval validate autolimit);
                    my $optregex = join('|',@options);
                    if (grep(/^\Q$udom\E:($optregex)(=?\d*)$/,@curr)) {
                        $can_create = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if ($can_create) {
            unless ($ownername eq $env{'user.name'} && $ownerdom eq $env{'user.domain'}) {
                unless (&allowed('ccc',$udom)) {
                    return 'refused'; 
                }
            }
        } else {
            return 'refused';
        }
    } elsif (!&allowed('ccc',$udom)) {
        return 'refused';
    }
# --------------------------------------------------------------- Get Unique ID
    my $uname;
    if ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/) {
        my $chome=&homeserver($cnum,$udom,'true');
        if (($chome eq '') || ($chome eq 'no_host')) {
            $uname = $cnum;
        } else {
            $uname = &generate_coursenum($udom,$crstype);
        }
    } else {
        $uname = &generate_coursenum($udom,$crstype);
    }
    return $uname if ($uname =~ /^error/);
# -------------------------------------------------- Check supplied server name
    if (!defined($course_server)) {
        if (defined(&domain($udom,'primary'))) {
            $course_server = &domain($udom,'primary');
        } else {
            $course_server = $env{'user.home'}; 
        }
    }
    my %host_servers =
        &get_servers($udom,'library');
    unless ($host_servers{$course_server}) {
        return 'error: invalid home server for course: '.$course_server;
    }
# ------------------------------------------------------------- Make the course
    my $reply=&reply('encrypt:makeuser:'.$udom.':'.$uname.':none::',
                      $course_server);
    unless ($reply eq 'ok') { return 'error: '.$reply; }
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,'true');
    if (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) { 
	return 'error: no such course';
    }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- Course made
# log existence
    my $now = time;
    my $newcourse = {
                    $udom.'_'.$uname => {
                                     description => $description,
                                     inst_code   => $inst_code,
                                     owner       => $course_owner,
                                     type        => $crstype,
                                     creator     => $env{'user.name'}.':'.
                                                    $env{'user.domain'},
                                     created     => $now,
                                     context     => $context,
                                                },
                    };
    &courseidput($udom,$newcourse,$uhome,'notime');
# set toplevel url
    my $topurl=$url;
    unless ($nonstandard) {
# ------------------------------------------ For standard courses, make top url
        my $mapurl=&clutter($url);
        if ($mapurl eq '/res/') { $mapurl=''; }
        $env{'form.initmap'}=(<<ENDINITMAP);
<map>
<resource id="1" type="start"></resource>
<resource id="2" src="$mapurl"></resource>
<resource id="3" type="finish"></resource>
<link index="1" from="1" to="2"></link>
<link index="2" from="2" to="3"></link>
</map>
ENDINITMAP
        $topurl=&declutter(
        &finishuserfileupload($uname,$udom,'initmap','default.sequence')
                          );
    }
# ----------------------------------------------------------- Write preferences
    &writecoursepref($udom.'_'.$uname,
                     ('description'              => $description,
                      'url'                      => $topurl,
                      'internal.creator'         => $env{'user.name'}.':'.
                                                    $env{'user.domain'},
                      'internal.created'         => $now,
                      'internal.creationcontext' => $context)
                    );
    return '/'.$udom.'/'.$uname;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------- Create ID
sub generate_coursenum {
    my ($udom,$crstype) = @_;
    my $domdesc = &domain($udom);
    return 'error: invalid domain' if ($domdesc eq '');
    my $first;
    if ($crstype eq 'Community') {
        $first = '0';
    } else {
        $first = int(1+rand(9)); 
    } 
    my $uname=$first.
        ('a'..'z','A'..'Z','0'..'9')[int(rand(62))].
        substr($$.time,0,5).unpack("H8",pack("I32",time)).
        unpack("H2",pack("I32",int(rand(255)))).$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
# ----------------------------------------------- Make sure that does not exist
    my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,'true');
    unless (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
        if ($crstype eq 'Community') {
            $first = '0';
        } else {
            $first = int(1+rand(9));
        }
        $uname=$first.
               ('a'..'z','A'..'Z','0'..'9')[int(rand(62))].
               substr($$.time,0,5).unpack("H8",pack("I32",time)).
               unpack("H2",pack("I32",int(rand(255)))).$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
        $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom,'true');
        unless (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
            return 'error: unable to generate unique course-ID';
        }
    }
    return $uname;
}

sub is_course {
    my ($cdom, $cnum) = scalar(@_) == 1 ? 
         ($_[0] =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_courseid)$/)  :  @_;

    return unless (($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) && ($cnum =~ /^$match_courseid$/));
    my $uhome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $iscourse;
    if (grep { $_ eq $uhome } current_machine_ids()) {
        $iscourse = &LONCAPA::Lond::is_course($cdom,$cnum);
    } else {
        my $hashid = $cdom.':'.$cnum;
        ($iscourse,my $cached) = &is_cached_new('iscourse',$hashid);
        unless (defined($cached)) {
            my %courses = &courseiddump($cdom, '.', 1, '.', '.',
                                        $cnum,undef,undef,'.');
            $iscourse = 0;
            if (exists($courses{$cdom.'_'.$cnum})) {
                $iscourse = 1;
            }
            &do_cache_new('iscourse',$hashid,$iscourse,3600);
        }
    }
    return unless ($iscourse);
    return wantarray ? ($cdom, $cnum) : $cdom.'_'.$cnum;
}

sub store_userdata {
    my ($storehash,$datakey,$namespace,$udom,$uname) = @_;
    my $result;
    if ($datakey ne '') {
        if (ref($storehash) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($udom eq '' || $uname eq '') {
                $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
                $uname = $env{'user.name'};
            }
            my $uhome=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
            if (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
                $result = 'error: no_host';
            } else {
                $storehash->{'ip'} = &get_requestor_ip();
                $storehash->{'host'} = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};

                my $namevalue='';
                foreach my $key (keys(%{$storehash})) {
                    $namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$key}).'&';
                }
                $namevalue=~s/\&$//;
                unless ($namespace eq 'courserequests') {
                    $datakey = &escape($datakey);
                }
                $result =  &reply("store:$udom:$uname:$namespace:$datakey:".
                                  $namevalue,$uhome);
            }
        } else {
            $result = 'error: data to store was not a hash reference'; 
        }
    } else {
        $result= 'error: invalid requestkey'; 
    }
    return $result;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Assign Custom Role

sub assigncustomrole {
    my ($udom,$uname,$url,$rdom,$rnam,$rolename,$end,$start,$deleteflag,
        $selfenroll,$context,$othdomby,$requester)=@_;
    return &assignrole($udom,$uname,$url,'cr/'.$rdom.'/'.$rnam.'/'.$rolename,
                       $end,$start,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context,$othdomby,
                       $requester);
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------- Revoke Role

sub revokerole {
    my ($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context)=@_;
    my $now=time;
    return &assignrole($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$now,undef,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Revoke Custom Role

sub revokecustomrole {
    my ($udom,$uname,$url,$rdom,$rnam,$rolename,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context)=@_;
    my $now=time;
    return &assigncustomrole($udom,$uname,$url,$rdom,$rnam,$rolename,$now,
           $deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ Disk usage
sub diskusage {
    my ($udom,$uname,$directorypath,$getpropath)=@_;
    $directorypath =~ s/\/$//;
    my $listing=&reply('du2:'.&escape($directorypath).':'
                       .&escape($getpropath).':'.&escape($uname).':'
                       .&escape($udom),homeserver($uname,$udom));
    if ($listing eq 'unknown_cmd') {
        if ($getpropath) {
            $directorypath = &propath($udom,$uname).'/'.$directorypath; 
        }
        $listing = &reply('du:'.$directorypath,homeserver($uname,$udom));
    }
    return $listing;
}

sub is_locked {
    my ($file_name, $domain, $user, $which) = @_;
    my @check;
    my $is_locked;
    push (@check,$file_name);
    my %locked = &get('file_permissions',\@check,
		      $env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'});
    my ($tmp)=keys(%locked);
    if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { undef(%locked); }
    
    if (ref($locked{$file_name}) eq 'ARRAY') {
        $is_locked = 'false';
        foreach my $entry (@{$locked{$file_name}}) {
           if (ref($entry) eq 'ARRAY') {
               $is_locked = 'true';
               if (ref($which) eq 'ARRAY') {
                   push(@{$which},$entry);
               } else {
                   last;
               }
           }
       }
    } else {
        $is_locked = 'false';
    }
    return $is_locked;
}

sub declutter_portfile {
    my ($file) = @_;
    $file =~ s{^(/portfolio/|portfolio/)}{/};
    return $file;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------- Mark as Read Only

sub mark_as_readonly {
    my ($domain,$user,$files,$what) = @_;
    my %current_permissions = &dump('file_permissions',$domain,$user);
    my ($tmp)=keys(%current_permissions);
    if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { undef(%current_permissions); }
    foreach my $file (@{$files}) {
	$file = &declutter_portfile($file);
        push(@{$current_permissions{$file}},$what);
    }
    &put('file_permissions',\%current_permissions,$domain,$user);
    return;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------Save Selected Files

sub save_selected_files {
    my ($user, $path, @files) = @_;
    my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
    my @other_files = &files_not_in_path($user, $path);
    open (OUT,'>',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
    foreach my $file (@files) {
        print (OUT $env{'form.currentpath'}.$file."\n");
    }
    foreach my $file (@other_files) {
        print (OUT $file."\n");
    }
    close (OUT);
    return 'ok';
}

sub clear_selected_files {
    my ($user) = @_;
    my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
    open (OUT,'>',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
    print (OUT undef);
    close (OUT);
    return ("ok");    
}

sub files_in_path {
    my ($user, $path) = @_;
    my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
    my %return_files;
    open (IN,'<',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
    while (my $line_in = <IN>) {
        chomp ($line_in);
        my @paths_and_file = split (m!/!, $line_in);
        my $file_part = pop (@paths_and_file);
        my $path_part = join ('/', @paths_and_file);
        $path_part.='/';
        my $path_and_file = $path_part.$file_part;
        if ($path_part eq $path) {
            $return_files{$file_part}= 'selected';
        }
    }
    close (IN);
    return (\%return_files);
}

# called in portfolio select mode, to show files selected NOT in current directory
sub files_not_in_path {
    my ($user, $path) = @_;
    my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
    my @return_files;
    my $path_part;
    open(IN, '<',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
    while (my $line = <IN>) {
        #ok, I know it's clunky, but I want it to work
        my @paths_and_file = split(m|/|, $line);
        my $file_part = pop(@paths_and_file);
        chomp($file_part);
        my $path_part = join('/', @paths_and_file);
        $path_part .= '/';
        my $path_and_file = $path_part.$file_part;
        if ($path_part ne $path) {
            push(@return_files, ($path_and_file));
        }
    }
    close(OUT);
    return (@return_files);
}

#------------------------------Submitted/Handedback Portfolio Files Versioning
 
sub portfiles_versioning {
    my ($symb,$domain,$stu_name,$portfiles,$versioned_portfiles) = @_;
    my $portfolio_root = '/userfiles/portfolio';
    return unless ((ref($portfiles) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($versioned_portfiles) eq 'ARRAY'));
    foreach my $file (@{$portfiles}) {
        &unmark_as_readonly($domain,$stu_name,[$symb,$env{'request.course.id'}],$file);
        my ($directory,$answer_file) =($file =~ /^(.*?)([^\/]*)$/);
        my ($answer_name,$answer_ver,$answer_ext) = &file_name_version_ext($answer_file);
        my $getpropath = 1;
        my ($dir_list,$listerror) = &dirlist($portfolio_root.$directory,$domain,
                                             $stu_name,$getpropath);
        my $version = &get_next_version($answer_name,$answer_ext,$dir_list);
        my $new_answer = 
            &version_selected_portfile($domain,$stu_name,$directory,$answer_file,$version);
        if ($new_answer ne 'problem getting file') {
            push(@{$versioned_portfiles}, $directory.$new_answer);
            &mark_as_readonly($domain,$stu_name,[$directory.$new_answer],
                              [$symb,$env{'request.course.id'},'graded']);
        }
    }
}

sub get_next_version {
    my ($answer_name, $answer_ext, $dir_list) = @_;
    my $version;
    if (ref($dir_list) eq 'ARRAY') {
        foreach my $row (@{$dir_list}) {
            my ($file) = split(/\&/,$row,2);
            my ($file_name,$file_version,$file_ext) =
                &file_name_version_ext($file);
            if (($file_name eq $answer_name) &&
                ($file_ext eq $answer_ext)) {
                     # gets here if filename and extension match,
                     # regardless of version
                if ($file_version ne '') {
                    # a versioned file is found  so save it for later
                    if ($file_version > $version) {
                        $version = $file_version;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    $version ++;
    return($version);
}

sub version_selected_portfile {
    my ($domain,$stu_name,$directory,$file_name,$version) = @_;
    my ($answer_name,$answer_ver,$answer_ext) =
        &file_name_version_ext($file_name);
    my $new_answer;
    $env{'form.copy'} =
        &getfile("/uploaded/$domain/$stu_name/portfolio$directory$file_name");
    if($env{'form.copy'} eq '-1') {
        $new_answer = 'problem getting file';
    } else {
        $new_answer = $answer_name.'.'.$version.'.'.$answer_ext;
        my $copy_result = 
            &finishuserfileupload($stu_name,$domain,'copy',
                                  '/portfolio'.$directory.$new_answer);
    }
    undef($env{'form.copy'});
    return ($new_answer);
}

sub file_name_version_ext {
    my ($file)=@_;
    my @file_parts = split(/\./, $file);
    my ($name,$version,$ext);
    if (@file_parts > 1) {
        $ext=pop(@file_parts);
        if (@file_parts > 1 && $file_parts[-1] =~ /^\d+$/) {
            $version=pop(@file_parts);
        }
        $name=join('.',@file_parts);
    } else {
        $name=join('.',@file_parts);
    }
    return($name,$version,$ext);
}

#----------------------------------------------Get portfolio file permissions

sub get_portfile_permissions {
    my ($domain,$user) = @_;
    my %current_permissions = &dump('file_permissions',$domain,$user);
    my ($tmp)=keys(%current_permissions);
    if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { undef(%current_permissions); }
    return \%current_permissions;
}

#---------------------------------------------Get portfolio file access controls

sub get_access_controls {
    my ($current_permissions,$group,$file) = @_;
    my %access;
    my $real_file = $file;
    $file =~ s/\.meta$//;
    if (defined($file)) {
        if (ref($$current_permissions{$file."\0".'accesscontrol'}) eq 'HASH') {
            foreach my $control (keys(%{$$current_permissions{$file."\0".'accesscontrol'}})) {
                $access{$real_file}{$control} = $$current_permissions{$file."\0".$control};
            }
        }
    } else {
        foreach my $key (keys(%{$current_permissions})) {
            if ($key =~ /\0accesscontrol$/) {
                if (defined($group)) {
                    if ($key !~ m-^\Q$group\E/-) {
                        next;
                    }
                }
                my ($fullpath) = split(/\0/,$key);
                if (ref($$current_permissions{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
                    foreach my $control (keys(%{$$current_permissions{$key}})) {
                        $access{$fullpath}{$control}=$$current_permissions{$fullpath."\0".$control};
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return %access;
}

sub modify_access_controls {
    my ($file_name,$changes,$domain,$user)=@_;
    my ($outcome,$deloutcome);
    my %store_permissions;
    my %new_values;
    my %new_control;
    my %translation;
    my @deletions = ();
    my $now = time;
    if (exists($$changes{'activate'})) {
        if (ref($$changes{'activate'}) eq 'HASH') {
            my @newitems = sort(keys(%{$$changes{'activate'}}));
            my $numnew = scalar(@newitems);
            for (my $i=0; $i<$numnew; $i++) {
                my $newkey = $newitems[$i];
                my $newid = &Apache::loncommon::get_cgi_id();
                if ($newkey =~ /^\d+:/) { 
                    $newkey =~ s/^(\d+)/$newid/;
                    $translation{$1} = $newid;
                } elsif ($newkey =~ /^\d+_\d+_\d+:/) {
                    $newkey =~ s/^(\d+_\d+_\d+)/$newid/;
                    $translation{$1} = $newid;
                }
                $new_values{$file_name."\0".$newkey} = 
                                          $$changes{'activate'}{$newitems[$i]};
                $new_control{$newkey} = $now;
            }
        }
    }
    my %todelete;
    my %changed_items;
    foreach my $action ('delete','update') {
        if (exists($$changes{$action})) {
            if (ref($$changes{$action}) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $key (keys(%{$$changes{$action}})) {
                    my ($itemnum) = ($key =~ /^([^:]+):/);
                    if ($action eq 'delete') { 
                        $todelete{$itemnum} = 1;
                    } else {
                        $changed_items{$itemnum} = $key;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    # get lock on access controls for file.
    my $lockhash = {
                  $file_name."\0".'locked_access_records' => $env{'user.name'}.
                                                       ':'.$env{'user.domain'},
                   }; 
    my $tries = 0;
    my $gotlock = &newput('file_permissions',$lockhash,$domain,$user);
   
    while (($gotlock ne 'ok') && $tries < 10) {
        $tries ++;
        sleep(0.1);
        $gotlock = &newput('file_permissions',$lockhash,$domain,$user);
    }
    if ($gotlock eq 'ok') {
        my %curr_permissions = &dump('file_permissions',$domain,$user,$file_name);
        my ($tmp)=keys(%curr_permissions);
        if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { undef(%curr_permissions); }
        if (exists($curr_permissions{$file_name."\0".'accesscontrol'})) {
            my $curr_controls = $curr_permissions{$file_name."\0".'accesscontrol'};
            if (ref($curr_controls) eq 'HASH') {
                foreach my $control_item (keys(%{$curr_controls})) {
                    my ($itemnum) = ($control_item =~ /^([^:]+):/);
                    if (defined($todelete{$itemnum})) {
                        push(@deletions,$file_name."\0".$control_item);
                    } else {
                        if (defined($changed_items{$itemnum})) {
                            $new_control{$changed_items{$itemnum}} = $now;
                            push(@deletions,$file_name."\0".$control_item);
                            $new_values{$file_name."\0".$changed_items{$itemnum}} = $$changes{'update'}{$changed_items{$itemnum}};
                        } else {
                            $new_control{$control_item} = $$curr_controls{$control_item};
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        my ($group);
        if (&is_course($domain,$user)) {
            ($group,my $file) = split(/\//,$file_name,2);
        }
        $deloutcome = &del('file_permissions',\@deletions,$domain,$user);
        $new_values{$file_name."\0".'accesscontrol'} = \%new_control;
        $outcome = &put('file_permissions',\%new_values,$domain,$user);
        #  remove lock
        my @del_lock = ($file_name."\0".'locked_access_records');
        my $dellockoutcome = &del('file_permissions',\@del_lock,$domain,$user);
        my $sqlresult =
            &update_portfolio_table($user,$domain,$file_name,'portfolio_access',
                                    $group);
    } else {
        $outcome = "error: could not obtain lockfile\n";  
    }
    return ($outcome,$deloutcome,\%new_values,\%translation);
}

sub make_public_indefinitely {
    my (@requrl) = @_;
    return &automated_portfile_access('public',\@requrl);
}

sub automated_portfile_access {
    my ($accesstype,$addsref,$delsref,$info) = @_;
    unless (($accesstype eq 'public') || ($accesstype eq 'ip')) {
        return 'invalid';
    }
    my %urls;
    if (ref($addsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
        foreach my $requrl (@{$addsref}) {
            if (&is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
                unless (exists($urls{$requrl})) {
                    $urls{$requrl} = 'add';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (ref($delsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
        foreach my $requrl (@{$delsref}) { 
            if (&is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
                unless (exists($urls{$requrl})) {
                    $urls{$requrl} = 'delete'; 
                }
            }
        }
    }
    unless (keys(%urls)) {
        return 'invalid';
    }
    my $ip;
    if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
        if (ref($info) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($info->{'ip'} ne '') {
                $ip = $info->{'ip'};
            }
        }
        if ($ip eq '') {
            return 'invalid';
        }
    }
    my $errors;
    my $now = time;
    my %current_perms;
    foreach my $requrl (sort(keys(%urls))) {
        my $action;
        if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
            $action = 'activate';
        } else {
            $action = 'none';
        }
        my $aclnum = 0;
        my (undef,$udom,$unum,$file_name,$group) =
            &parse_portfolio_url($requrl);
        unless (exists($current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom})) {
            $current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom} = &get_portfile_permissions($udom,$unum);
        }
        my %access_controls = &get_access_controls($current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom},
                                                   $group,$file_name);
        foreach my $key (keys(%{$access_controls{$file_name}})) {
            my ($num,$scope,$end,$start) = 
                ($key =~ /^([^:]+):([a-z]+)_(\d*)_?(\d*)$/);
            if ($scope eq $accesstype) {
                if (($start <= $now) && ($end == 0)) {
                    if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
                        if (ref($access_controls{$file_name}{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
                            if (ref($access_controls{$file_name}{$key}{'ip'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                                if (grep(/^\Q$ip\E$/,@{$access_controls{$file_name}{$key}{'ip'}})) {
                                    if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
                                        $action = 'none';
                                        last;
                                    } else {
                                        $action = 'delete';
                                        $aclnum = $num;
                                        last;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } elsif ($accesstype eq 'public') {
                        if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
                            $action = 'none';
                            last;
                        } else {
                            $action = 'delete';
                            $aclnum = $num;
                            last;
                        }
                    }
                } elsif ($accesstype eq 'public') {
                    $action = 'update';
                    $aclnum = $num;
                    last;
                }
            }
        }
        if ($action eq 'none') {
            next;
        } else {
            my %changes;
            my $newend = 0;
            my $newstart = $now;
            my $newkey = $aclnum.':'.$accesstype.'_'.$newend.'_'.$newstart;
            $changes{$action}{$newkey} = {
                type => $accesstype,
                time => {
                    start => $newstart,
                    end   => $newend,
                },
            };
            if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
                $changes{$action}{$newkey}{'ip'} = [$ip];
            }
            my ($outcome,$deloutcome,$new_values,$translation) =
                &modify_access_controls($file_name,\%changes,$udom,$unum);
            unless ($outcome eq 'ok') {
                $errors .= $outcome.' ';
            }
        }
    }
    if ($errors) {
        $errors =~ s/\s$//;
        return $errors;
    } else {
        return 'ok';
    }
}

#------------------------------------------------------Get Marked as Read Only

sub get_marked_as_readonly {
    my ($domain,$user,$what,$group) = @_;
    my $current_permissions = &get_portfile_permissions($domain,$user);
    my @readonly_files;
    my $cmp1=$what;
    if (ref($what)) { $cmp1=join('',@{$what}) };
    while (my ($file_name,$value) = each(%{$current_permissions})) {
        if (defined($group)) {
            if ($file_name !~ m-^\Q$group\E/-) {
                next;
            }
        }
        if (ref($value) eq "ARRAY"){
            foreach my $stored_what (@{$value}) {
                my $cmp2=$stored_what;
                if (ref($stored_what) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    $cmp2=join('',@{$stored_what});
                }
                if ($cmp1 eq $cmp2) {
                    push(@readonly_files, $file_name);
                    last;
                } elsif (!defined($what)) {
                    push(@readonly_files, $file_name);
                    last;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return @readonly_files;
}
#-----------------------------------------------------------Get Marked as Read Only Hash

sub get_marked_as_readonly_hash {
    my ($current_permissions,$group,$what) = @_;
    my %readonly_files;
    while (my ($file_name,$value) = each(%{$current_permissions})) {
        if (defined($group)) {
            if ($file_name !~ m-^\Q$group\E/-) {
                next;
            }
        }
        if (ref($value) eq "ARRAY"){
            foreach my $stored_what (@{$value}) {
                if (ref($stored_what) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    foreach my $lock_descriptor(@{$stored_what}) {
                        if ($lock_descriptor eq 'graded') {
                            $readonly_files{$file_name} = 'graded';
                        } elsif ($lock_descriptor eq 'handback') {
                            $readonly_files{$file_name} = 'handback';
                        } else {
                            if (!exists($readonly_files{$file_name})) {
                                $readonly_files{$file_name} = 'locked';
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } 
            }
        } 
    }
    return %readonly_files;
}
# ------------------------------------------------------------ Unmark as Read Only

sub unmark_as_readonly {
    # unmarks $file_name (if $file_name is defined), or all files locked by $what 
    # for portfolio submissions, $what contains [$symb,$crsid] 
    my ($domain,$user,$what,$file_name,$group) = @_;
    $file_name = &declutter_portfile($file_name);
    my $symb_crs = $what;
    if (ref($what)) { $symb_crs=join('',@$what); }
    my %current_permissions = &dump('file_permissions',$domain,$user,$group);
    my ($tmp)=keys(%current_permissions);
    if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { undef(%current_permissions); }
    my @readonly_files = &get_marked_as_readonly($domain,$user,$what,$group);
    foreach my $file (@readonly_files) {
	my $clean_file = &declutter_portfile($file);
	if (defined($file_name) && ($file_name ne $clean_file)) { next; }
	my $current_locks = $current_permissions{$file};
        my @new_locks;
        my @del_keys;
        if (ref($current_locks) eq "ARRAY"){
            foreach my $locker (@{$current_locks}) {
                my $compare=$locker;
                if (ref($locker) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    $compare=join('',@{$locker});
                    if ($compare ne $symb_crs) {
                        push(@new_locks, $locker);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (scalar(@new_locks) > 0) {
                $current_permissions{$file} = \@new_locks;
            } else {
                push(@del_keys, $file);
                &del('file_permissions',\@del_keys, $domain, $user);
                delete($current_permissions{$file});
            }
        }
    }
    &put('file_permissions',\%current_permissions,$domain,$user);
    return;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ Directory lister

sub dirlist {
    my ($uri,$userdomain,$username,$getpropath,$getuserdir,$alternateRoot)=@_;
    $uri=~s/^\///;
    $uri=~s/\/$//;
    my ($udom, $uname);
    if ($getuserdir) {
        $udom = $userdomain;
        $uname = $username;
    } else {
        (undef,$udom,$uname)=split(/\//,$uri);
        if(defined($userdomain)) {
            $udom = $userdomain;
        }
        if(defined($username)) {
            $uname = $username;
        }
    }
    my ($dirRoot,$listing,@listing_results);

    $dirRoot = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'};
    if (defined($getpropath)) {
        $dirRoot = &propath($udom,$uname);
        $dirRoot =~ s/\/$//;
    } elsif (defined($getuserdir)) {
        my $subdir=$uname.'__';
        $subdir =~ s/(.)(.)(.).*/$1\/$2\/$3/;
        $dirRoot = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonUsersDir'}
                   ."/$udom/$subdir/$uname";
    } elsif (defined($alternateRoot)) {
        $dirRoot = $alternateRoot;
    }

    if($udom) {
        if($uname) {
            my $uhome = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
            if ($uhome eq 'no_host') {
                return ([],'no_host');
            }
            $listing = &reply('ls3:'.&escape('/'.$uri).':'.$getpropath.':'
                              .$getuserdir.':'.&escape($dirRoot)
                              .':'.&escape($uname).':'.&escape($udom),$uhome);
            if ($listing eq 'unknown_cmd') {
                $listing = &reply('ls2:'.$dirRoot.'/'.$uri,$uhome);
            } else {
                @listing_results = map { &unescape($_); } split(/:/,$listing);
            }
            if ($listing eq 'unknown_cmd') {
                $listing = &reply('ls:'.$dirRoot.'/'.$uri,$uhome);
                @listing_results = split(/:/,$listing);
            } else {
                @listing_results = map { &unescape($_); } split(/:/,$listing);
            }
            if (($listing eq 'no_such_host') || ($listing eq 'con_lost') || 
                ($listing eq 'rejected') || ($listing eq 'refused') ||
                ($listing eq 'no_such_dir') || ($listing eq 'empty')) {
                return ([],$listing);
            } else {
                return (\@listing_results);
            }
        } elsif(!$alternateRoot) {
            my (%allusers,%listerror);
	    my %servers = &get_servers($udom,'library');
 	    foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
                $listing = &reply('ls3:'.&escape("/res/$udom").':::::'.
                                  &escape($udom),$tryserver);
                if ($listing eq 'unknown_cmd') {
		    $listing = &reply('ls2:'.$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/res/'.
				      $udom, $tryserver);
                } else {
                    @listing_results = map { &unescape($_); } split(/:/,$listing);
                }
		if ($listing eq 'unknown_cmd') {
		    $listing = &reply('ls:'.$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/res/'.
				      $udom, $tryserver);
		    @listing_results = split(/:/,$listing);
		} else {
		    @listing_results =
			map { &unescape($_); } split(/:/,$listing);
		}
                if (($listing eq 'no_such_host') || ($listing eq 'con_lost') ||
                    ($listing eq 'rejected') || ($listing eq 'refused') ||
                    ($listing eq 'no_such_dir') || ($listing eq 'empty')) {
                    $listerror{$tryserver} = $listing;
                } else {
		    foreach my $line (@listing_results) {
			my ($entry) = split(/&/,$line,2);
			$allusers{$entry} = 1;
		    }
		}
            }
            my @alluserslist=();
            foreach my $user (sort(keys(%allusers))) {
                push(@alluserslist,$user.'&user');
            }

            if (!%listerror) {
                # no errors
                return (\@alluserslist);
            } elsif (scalar(keys(%servers)) == 1) {
                # one library server, one error 
                my ($key) = keys(%listerror);
                return (\@alluserslist, $listerror{$key});
            } elsif ( grep { $_ eq 'con_lost' } values(%listerror) ) {
                # con_lost indicates that we might miss data from at least one
                # library server
                return (\@alluserslist, 'con_lost');
            } else {
                # multiple library servers and no con_lost -> data should be
                # complete. 
                return (\@alluserslist);
            }

        } else {
            return ([],'missing username');
        }
    } elsif(!defined($getpropath)) {
        my $path = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/res/'; 
        my @all_domains = map { $path.$_.'/&domain'; } (sort(&all_domains()));
        return (\@all_domains);
    } else {
        return ([],'missing domain');
    }
}

# --------------------------------------------- GetFileTimestamp
# This function utilizes dirlist and returns the date stamp for
# when it was last modified.  It will also return an error of -1
# if an error occurs

sub GetFileTimestamp {
    my ($studentDomain,$studentName,$filename,$getuserdir)=@_;
    $studentDomain = &LONCAPA::clean_domain($studentDomain);
    $studentName   = &LONCAPA::clean_username($studentName);
    my ($fileref,$error) = &dirlist($filename,$studentDomain,$studentName,
                                    undef,$getuserdir);
    if (($error eq 'empty') || ($error eq 'no_such_dir')) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (ref($fileref) eq 'ARRAY') {
        my @stats = split('&',$fileref->[0]);
        # @stats contains first the filename, then the stat output
        return $stats[10]; # so this is 10 instead of 9.
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}

sub stat_file {
    my ($uri) = @_;
    $uri = &clutter_with_no_wrapper($uri);

    my ($udom,$uname,$file);
    if ($uri =~ m-^/(uploaded|editupload)/-) {
	($udom,$uname,$file) =
	    ($uri =~ m-/(?:uploaded|editupload)/?($match_domain)/?($match_name)/?(.*)-);
	$file = 'userfiles/'.$file;
    }
    if ($uri =~ m-^/res/-) {
	($udom,$uname) = 
	    ($uri =~ m-/(?:res)/?($match_domain)/?($match_username)/-);
	$file = $uri;
    }

    if (!$udom || !$uname || !$file) {
	# unable to handle the uri
	return ();
    }
    my $getpropath;
    if ($file =~ /^userfiles\//) {
        $getpropath = 1;
    }
    my ($listref,$error) = &dirlist($file,$udom,$uname,$getpropath);
    if (($error eq 'empty') || ($error eq 'no_such_dir')) {
        return ();
    } else {
        if (ref($listref) eq 'ARRAY') {
            my @stats = split('&',$listref->[0]);
	    shift(@stats); #filename is first
	    return @stats;
        }
    }
    return ();
}

# --------------------------------------------------------- recursedirs
# Recursive function to traverse either a specific user's Authoring Space
# or corresponding Published Resource Space, and populate the hash ref:
# $dirhashref with URLs of all directories, and if $filehashref hash
# ref arg is provided, the URLs of any files, excluding versioned, .meta,
# or .rights files in resource space, and .meta, .save, .log, .bak and
# .rights files in Authoring Space.
#
# Inputs:
#
# $is_home - true if current server is home server for user's space
# $recurse - if true will also traverse subdirectories recursively
# $include - reference to hash containing allowed file extensions.  If provided,
#             files which do not have a matching extension will be ignored.
# $exclude - reference to hash containing excluded file extensions.  If provided,
#             files which have a matching extension will be ignored.
# $nonemptydir - if true, will only populate $fileshashref hash entry for a particular
#             directory with first file found (with acceptable extension).
# $addtopdir - if true, set $dirhashref->{'/'} = 1 
# $toppath - Top level directory (i.e., /res/$dom/$uname or /priv/$dom/$uname
# $relpath - Current path (relative to top level).
# $dirhashref - reference to hash to populate with URLs of directories (Required)
# $filehashref - reference to hash to populate with URLs of files (Optional)
#
# Returns: nothing
#
# Side Effects: populates $dirhashref, and $filehashref (if provided).
#
# Currently used by interface/londocs.pm to create linked select boxes for
# directory and filename to import a Course "Author" resource into a course, and
# also to create linked select boxes for Authoring Space and Directory to choose
# save location for creation of a new "standard" problem from the Course Editor.
#

sub recursedirs {
    my ($is_home,$recurse,$include,$exclude,$nonemptydir,$addtopdir,$toppath,$relpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref) = @_;
    return unless (ref($dirhashref) eq 'HASH');
    my $docroot = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'};
    my $currpath = $docroot.$toppath;
    if ($relpath ne '') {
        $currpath .= "/$relpath";
    }
    my ($savefile,$checkinc,$checkexc);
    if (ref($filehashref)) {
        $savefile = 1;
    }
    if (ref($include) eq 'HASH') {
        $checkinc = 1;
    }
    if (ref($exclude) eq 'HASH') {
        $checkexc = 1;
    }
    if ($is_home) {
        if ((-e $currpath) && (opendir(my $dirh,$currpath))) {
            my $filecount = 0;
            foreach my $item (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } grep(!/^\.+$/,readdir($dirh))) {
                next if ($item eq '');
                if (-d "$currpath/$item") {
                    my $newpath;
                    if ($relpath ne '') {
                        $newpath = "$relpath/$item";
                    } else {
                        $newpath = $item;
                    }
                    $dirhashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($newpath)} = 1;
                    if ($recurse) {
                        &recursedirs($is_home,$recurse,$include,$exclude,$nonemptydir,$addtopdir,$toppath,$newpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref);
                    }
                } elsif (($savefile) || ($relpath eq '')) {
                    next if ($nonemptydir && $filecount);
                    if ($checkinc || $checkexc) {
                        my ($extension) = ($item =~ /\.(\w+)$/);
                        if ($checkinc) {
                            next unless ($extension && $include->{$extension});
                        }
                        if ($checkexc) {
                            next if ($extension && $exclude->{$extension});
                        }
                    }
                    if (($relpath eq '') && (!exists($dirhashref->{'/'}))) {
                        $dirhashref->{'/'} = 1;
                    }
                    if ($savefile) {
                        if ($relpath eq '') {
                            $filehashref->{'/'}{$item} = 1;
                        } else {
                            $filehashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($relpath)}{$item} = 1;
                        }
                    }
                    $filecount ++;
                }
            }
            closedir($dirh);
        }
    } else {
        my ($dirlistref,$listerror) =
            &dirlist($toppath.$relpath);
        my @dir_lines;
        my $dirptr=16384;
        if (ref($dirlistref) eq 'ARRAY') {
            my $filecount = 0;
            foreach my $dir_line (sort
                              {
                                  my ($afile)=split('&',$a,2);
                                  my ($bfile)=split('&',$b,2);
                                  return (lc($afile) cmp lc($bfile));
                              } (@{$dirlistref})) {
                my ($item,$dom,undef,$testdir,undef,undef,undef,undef,$size,undef,$mtime,undef,undef,undef,$obs,undef) =
                    split(/\&/,$dir_line,16);
                $item =~ s/\s+$//;
                next if (($item =~ /^\.\.?$/) || ($obs));
                if ($dirptr&$testdir) {
                    my $newpath;
                    if ($relpath) {
                        $newpath = "$relpath/$item";
                    } else {
                        $newpath = $item;
                    }
                    $dirhashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($newpath)} = 1;
                    if ($recurse) {
                        &recursedirs($is_home,$recurse,$include,$exclude,$nonemptydir,$addtopdir,$toppath,$newpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref);
                    }
                } elsif (($savefile) || ($relpath eq '')) {
                    next if ($nonemptydir && $filecount);
                    if ($checkinc || $checkexc) {
                        my $extension;
                        if ($checkinc) {
                            next unless ($extension && $include->{$extension});
                        }
                        if ($checkexc) {
                            next if ($extension && $exclude->{$extension});
                        }
                    }
                    if (($relpath eq '') && (!exists($dirhashref->{'/'}))) {
                        $dirhashref->{'/'} = 1;
                    }
                    if ($savefile) {
                        if ($relpath eq '') {
                            $filehashref->{'/'}{$item} = 1;
                        } else {
                            $filehashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($relpath)}{$item} = 1;
                        }
                    }
                    $filecount ++; 
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ($addtopdir) {
        if (($relpath eq '') && (!exists($dirhashref->{'/'}))) {
            $dirhashref->{'/'} = 1;
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub priv_exclude {
    return {
             meta => 1,
             save => 1,
             log => 1,
             bak => 1,
             rights => 1,
             DS_Store => 1,
           };
}

# -------------------------------------------------------- Value of a Condition

# gets the value of a specific preevaluated condition
#    stored in the string  $env{user.state.<cid>}
# or looks up a condition reference in the bighash and if if hasn't
# already been evaluated recurses into docondval to get the value of
# the condition, then memoizing it to 
#   $env{user.state.<cid>.<condition>}
sub directcondval {
    my $number=shift;
    if (!defined($env{'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}})) {
	&Apache::lonuserstate::evalstate();
    }
    if (exists($env{'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.".$number"})) {
	return $env{'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.".$number"};
    } elsif ($number =~ /^_/) {
	my $sub_condition;
	if (tie(my %bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
		&GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
	    $sub_condition=$bighash{'conditions'.$number};
	    untie(%bighash);
	}
	my $value = &docondval($sub_condition);
	&appenv({'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.".$number" => $value});
	return $value;
    }
    if ($env{'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}}) {
       return substr($env{'user.state.'.$env{'request.course.id'}},$number,1);
    } else {
       return 2;
    }
}

# get the collection of conditions for this resource
sub condval {
    my $condidx=shift;
    my $allpathcond='';
    foreach my $cond (split(/\|/,$condidx)) {
	if (defined($env{'acc.cond.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$cond})) {
	    $allpathcond.=
		'('.$env{'acc.cond.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$cond}.')|';
	}
    }
    $allpathcond=~s/\|$//;
    return &docondval($allpathcond);
}

#evaluates an expression of conditions
sub docondval {
    my ($allpathcond) = @_;
    my $result=0;
    if ($env{'request.course.id'}
	&& defined($allpathcond)) {
	my $operand='|';
	my @stack;
	foreach my $chunk ($allpathcond=~/(\d+|_\d+\.\d+|\(|\)|\&|\|)/g) {
	    if ($chunk eq '(') {
		push @stack,($operand,$result);
	    } elsif ($chunk eq ')') {
		my $before=pop @stack;
		if (pop @stack eq '&') {
		    $result=$result>$before?$before:$result;
		} else {
		    $result=$result>$before?$result:$before;
		}
	    } elsif (($chunk eq '&') || ($chunk eq '|')) {
		$operand=$chunk;
	    } else {
		my $new=directcondval($chunk);
		if ($operand eq '&') {
		    $result=$result>$new?$new:$result;
		} else {
		    $result=$result>$new?$result:$new;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
    return $result;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------- Devalidate courseresdata

sub devalidatecourseresdata {
    my ($coursenum,$coursedomain)=@_;
    my $hashid=$coursenum.':'.$coursedomain;
    &devalidate_cache_new('courseres',$hashid);
}


# --------------------------------------------------- Course Resourcedata Query
#
#  Parameters:
#      $coursenum    - Number of the course.
#      $coursedomain - Domain at which the course was created.
#  Returns:
#     A hash of the course parameters along (I think) with timestamps
#     and version info.

sub get_courseresdata {
    my ($coursenum,$coursedomain)=@_;
    my $coursehom=&homeserver($coursenum,$coursedomain);
    my $hashid=$coursenum.':'.$coursedomain;
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('courseres',$hashid);
    my %dumpreply;
    unless (defined($cached)) {
	%dumpreply=&dump('resourcedata',$coursedomain,$coursenum);
	$result=\%dumpreply;
	my ($tmp) = keys(%dumpreply);
	if ($tmp !~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
	    &do_cache_new('courseres',$hashid,$result,600);
	} elsif ($tmp =~ /^(con_lost|no_such_host)/) {
	    return $tmp;
	} elsif ($tmp =~ /^(error)/) {
	    $result=undef;
	    &do_cache_new('courseres',$hashid,$result,600);
	}
    }
    return $result;
}

sub devalidateuserresdata {
    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
    my $hashid="$udom:$uname";
    &devalidate_cache_new('userres',$hashid);
}

sub get_userresdata {
    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
    #most student don\'t have any data set, check if there is some data
    if (&EXT_cache_status($udom,$uname)) { return undef; }

    my $hashid="$udom:$uname";
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('userres',$hashid);
    if (!defined($cached)) {
	my %resourcedata=&dump('resourcedata',$udom,$uname);
	$result=\%resourcedata;
	&do_cache_new('userres',$hashid,$result,600);
    }
    my ($tmp)=keys(%$result);
    if (($tmp!~/^error\:/) && ($tmp!~/^con_lost/)) {
	return $result;
    }
    #error 2 occurs when the .db doesn't exist
    if ($tmp!~/error: 2 /) {
        if ((!defined($cached)) || ($tmp ne 'con_lost')) {
	    &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
		     " Trying to get resource data for ".
		     $uname." at ".$udom.": ".
		     $tmp."</font>");
        }
    } elsif ($tmp=~/error: 2 /) {
	#&EXT_cache_set($udom,$uname);
	&do_cache_new('userres',$hashid,undef,600);
	undef($tmp); # not really an error so don't send it back
    }
    return $tmp;
}
#----------------------------------------------- resdata - return resource data
#  Purpose:
#    Return resource data for either users or for a course.
#  Parameters:
#     $name      - Course/user name.
#     $domain    - Name of the domain the user/course is registered on.
#     $type      - Type of thing $name is (must be 'course' or 'user')
#     $mapp      - decluttered URL of enclosing map  
#     $recursed  - Ref to scalar -- set to 1, if nested maps have been recursed.
#     $recurseup - Ref to array of map URLs, starting with map containing
#                  $mapp up through hierarchy of nested maps to top level map.  
#     $courseid  - CourseID (first part of param identifier).
#     $modifier  - Middle part of param identifier.
#     $what      - Last part of param identifier.
#     @which     - Array of names of resources desired.
#  Returns:
#     The value of the first reasource in @which that is found in the
#     resource hash.
#  Exceptional Conditions:
#     If the $type passed in is not valid (not the string 'course' or 
#     'user', an undefined  reference is returned.
#     If none of the resources are found, an undef is returned
sub resdata {
    my ($name,$domain,$type,$mapp,$recursed,$recurseup,$courseid,
        $modifier,$what,@which)=@_;
    my $result;
    if ($type eq 'course') {
	$result=&get_courseresdata($name,$domain);
    } elsif ($type eq 'user') {
	$result=&get_userresdata($name,$domain);
    }
    if (!ref($result)) { return $result; }    
    foreach my $item (@which) {
        if ($item->[1] eq 'course') {
            if ((ref($recurseup) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($recursed) eq 'SCALAR')) {
                unless ($$recursed) {
                    @{$recurseup} = &get_map_hierarchy($mapp,$courseid);
                    $$recursed = 1;
                }
                foreach my $item (@${recurseup}) {
                    my $norecursechk=$courseid.$modifier.$item.'___(all).'.$what;
                    last if (defined($result->{$norecursechk}));
                    my $recursechk=$courseid.$modifier.$item.'___(rec).'.$what;
                    if (defined($result->{$recursechk})) { return [$result->{$recursechk},'map']; }
                }
            }
        }
        if (defined($result->{$item->[0]})) {
	    return [$result->{$item->[0]},$item->[1]];
	}
    }
    return undef;
}

sub get_domain_lti {
    my ($cdom,$context) = @_;
    my ($name,$cachename,%lti);
    if ($context eq 'consumer') {
        $name = 'ltitools';
    } elsif ($context eq 'provider') {
        $name = 'lti';
    } elsif ($context eq 'linkprot') {
        $name = 'ltisec';
    } else {
        return %lti;
    }
    if ($context eq 'linkprot') {
        $cachename = $context;
    } else {
        $cachename = $name;
    }
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new($cachename,$cdom);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
            %lti = %{$result};
        }
    } else {
        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',[$name],$cdom);
        if (ref($domconfig{$name}) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($context eq 'linkprot') {
                if (ref($domconfig{$name}{'linkprot'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    %lti = %{$domconfig{$name}{'linkprot'}};
                }
            } else {
                %lti = %{$domconfig{$name}};
            }
        }
        my $cachetime = 24*60*60;
        &do_cache_new($cachename,$cdom,\%lti,$cachetime);
    }
    return %lti;
}

sub get_course_lti {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$context) = @_;
    my ($name,$cachename,%lti);
    if ($context eq 'consumer') {
        $name = 'ltitools';
        $cachename = 'courseltitools';
    } elsif ($context eq 'provider') {
        $name = 'lti';
        $cachename = 'courselti';
    } else {
        return %lti;
    }
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new($cachename,$hashid);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
            %lti = %{$result};
        }
    } else {
        %lti = &dump($name,$cdom,$cnum,undef,undef,undef,1);
        my $cachetime = 24*60*60;
        &do_cache_new($cachename,$hashid,\%lti,$cachetime);
    }
    return %lti;
}

sub courselti_itemid {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$url,$method,$params,$context) = @_;
    my ($chome,$itemid);
    $chome = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    return if ($chome eq 'no_host');
    if (ref($params) eq 'HASH') {
        my $rep;
        if (grep { $_ eq $chome } current_machine_ids()) {
            $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::crslti_itemid($cdom,$cnum,$url,$method,$params,$perlvar{'lonVersion'});
        } else {
            my $escurl = &escape($url);
            my $escmethod = &escape($method);
            my $items = &freeze_escape($params);
            $rep = &reply("encrypt:lti:$cdom:$cnum:$context:$escurl:$escmethod:$items",$chome);
        }
        unless (($rep=~/^(refused|rejected|error)/) || ($rep eq 'con_lost') ||
                ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd')) {
            $itemid = $rep;
        }
    }
    return $itemid;
}

sub domainlti_itemid {
    my ($cdom,$url,$method,$params,$context) = @_;
    my ($primary_id,$itemid);
    $primary_id = &domain($cdom,'primary');
    return if ($primary_id eq '');
    if (ref($params) eq 'HASH') {
        my $rep;
        if (grep { $_ eq $primary_id } current_machine_ids()) {
            $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::domlti_itemid($cdom,$context,$url,$method,$params,$perlvar{'lonVersion'});
        } else {
            my $cnum = '';
            my $escurl = &escape($url);
            my $escmethod = &escape($method);
            my $items = &freeze_escape($params);
            $rep = &reply("encrypt:lti:$cdom:$cnum:$context:$escurl:$escmethod:$items",$primary_id);
        }
        unless (($rep=~/^(refused|rejected|error)/) || ($rep eq 'con_lost') ||
                ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd')) {
            $itemid = $rep;
        }
    }
    return $itemid;
}

sub get_ltitools_id {
    my ($context,$cdom,$cnum,$title) = @_;
    my ($lockhash,$tries,$gotlock,$id,$error);

    # get lock on ltitools db
    $lockhash = {
                   lock => $env{'user.name'}.
                           ':'.$env{'user.domain'},
                };
    $tries = 0;
    if ($context eq 'domain') {
        $gotlock = &newput_dom('ltitools',$lockhash,$cdom);
    } else {
        $gotlock = &newput('ltitools',$lockhash,$cdom,$cnum);
    }
    while (($gotlock ne 'ok') && ($tries<10)) {
        $tries ++;
        sleep (0.1);
        if ($context eq 'domain') {
            $gotlock = &newput_dom('ltitools',$lockhash,$cdom);
        } else {
            $gotlock = &newput('ltitools',$lockhash,$cdom,$cnum);
        }
    }
    if ($gotlock eq 'ok') {
        my %currids;
        if ($context eq 'domain') {
            %currids = &dump_dom('ltitools',$cdom);
        } else {
            %currids = &dump('ltitools',$cdom,$cnum);
        }
        if ($currids{'lock'}) {
            delete($currids{'lock'});
            if (keys(%currids)) {
                my @curr = sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%currids);
                if ($curr[-1] =~ /^\d+$/) {
                    $id = 1 + $curr[-1];
                }
            } else {
                $id = 1;
            }
            if ($id) {
                if ($context eq 'domain') {
                    unless (&newput_dom('ltitools',{ $id => $title },$cdom) eq 'ok') {
                        $error = 'nostore';
                    }
                } else {
                    unless (&newput('ltitools',{ $id => $title },$cdom,$cnum) eq 'ok') {
                        $error = 'nostore';
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $error = 'nonumber';
            }
        }
        my $dellockoutcome;
        if ($context eq 'domain') {
            $dellockoutcome = &del_dom('ltitools',['lock'],$cdom);
        } else {
            $dellockoutcome = &del('ltitools',['lock'],$cdom,$cnum);
        }
    } else {
        $error = 'nolock';
    }
    return ($id,$error);
}

sub count_supptools {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$ignorecache,$reload)=@_;
    my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
    my ($numexttools,$cached);
    unless ($ignorecache) {
        ($numexttools,$cached) = &is_cached_new('supptools',$hashid);
    }
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my $chome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        $numexttools = 0;
        unless ($chome eq 'no_host') {
            my ($supplemental) = &Apache::loncommon::get_supplemental($cnum,$cdom,$reload);
            if (ref($supplemental) eq 'HASH') {
                if ((ref($supplemental->{'ids'}) eq 'HASH') && (ref($supplemental->{'hidden'}) eq 'HASH')) {
                    foreach my $key (keys(%{$supplemental->{'ids'}})) {
                        if ($key =~ m{^/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
                            $numexttools ++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        &do_cache_new('supptools',$hashid,$numexttools,600);
    }
    return $numexttools;
}

sub has_unhidden_suppfiles {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$ignorecache,$possdel)=@_;
    my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
    my ($showsupp,$cached);
    unless ($ignorecache) {
        ($showsupp,$cached) = &is_cached_new('showsupp',$hashid);
    }
    unless (defined($cached)) {
        my $chome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
        unless ($chome eq 'no_host') {
            my ($supplemental) = &Apache::loncommon::get_supplemental($cnum,$cdom,$ignorecache,$possdel);
            if (ref($supplemental) eq 'HASH') {
                if ((ref($supplemental->{'ids'}) eq 'HASH') && (ref($supplemental->{'hidden'}) eq 'HASH')) {
                    foreach my $key (keys(%{$supplemental->{'ids'}})) {
                        next if ($key =~ /\.sequence$/);
                        if (ref($supplemental->{'ids'}->{$key}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                            foreach my $id (@{$supplemental->{'ids'}->{$key}}) {
                                unless ($supplemental->{'hidden'}->{$id}) {
                                    $showsupp = 1;
                                    last;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        last if ($showsupp);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        &do_cache_new('showsupp',$hashid,$showsupp,600);
    }
    return $showsupp;
}

#
# EXT resource caching routines
#

{
# Cache (5 seconds) of map hierarchy for speedup of navmaps display
#
# The course for which we cache
my $cachedmapkey='';
# The cached recursive maps for this course
my %cachedmaps=();
# When this was last done
my $cachedmaptime='';

sub clear_EXT_cache_status {
    &delenv('cache.EXT.');
}

sub EXT_cache_status {
    my ($target_domain,$target_user) = @_;
    my $cachename = 'cache.EXT.'.$target_user.'.'.$target_domain;
    if (exists($env{$cachename}) && ($env{$cachename}+600) > time) {
        # We know already the user has no data
        return 1;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

sub EXT_cache_set {
    my ($target_domain,$target_user) = @_;
    my $cachename = 'cache.EXT.'.$target_user.'.'.$target_domain;
    #&appenv({$cachename => time});
}

# --------------------------------------------------------- Value of a Variable
sub EXT {

    my ($varname,$symbparm,$udom,$uname,$usection,$recurse,$cid,$recurseupref)=@_;
    unless ($varname) { return ''; }
    #get real user name/domain, courseid and symb
    my $courseid;
    my $publicuser;
    if ($symbparm) {
	$symbparm=&get_symb_from_alias($symbparm);
    }
    if (!($uname && $udom)) {
      (my $cursymb,$courseid,$udom,$uname,$publicuser)= &whichuser($symbparm);
      if (!$symbparm) {	$symbparm=$cursymb; }
    } else {
	$courseid=$env{'request.course.id'};
    }
    my ($realm,$space,$qualifier,@therest)=split(/\./,$varname);
    my $rest;
    if (defined($therest[0])) {
       $rest=join('.',@therest);
    } else {
       $rest='';
    }

    my $qualifierrest=$qualifier;
    if ($rest) { $qualifierrest.='.'.$rest; }
    my $spacequalifierrest=$space;
    if ($qualifierrest) { $spacequalifierrest.='.'.$qualifierrest; }
    if ($realm eq 'user') {
# --------------------------------------------------------------- user.resource
	if ($space eq 'resource') {
	    if ( (defined($Apache::lonhomework::parsing_a_problem)
		  || defined($Apache::lonhomework::parsing_a_task))
		 &&
		 ($symbparm eq &symbread()) ) {
		# if we are in the middle of processing the resource the
		# get the value we are planning on committing
                if (defined($Apache::lonhomework::results{$qualifierrest})) {
                    return $Apache::lonhomework::results{$qualifierrest};
                } else {
                    return $Apache::lonhomework::history{$qualifierrest};
                }
	    } else {
		my %restored;
		if ($publicuser || $env{'request.state'} eq 'construct') {
		    %restored=&tmprestore($symbparm,$courseid,$udom,$uname);
		} else {
		    %restored=&restore($symbparm,$courseid,$udom,$uname);
		}
		return $restored{$qualifierrest};
	    }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- user.access
        } elsif ($space eq 'access') {
	    # FIXME - not supporting calls for a specific user
            return &allowed($qualifier,$rest);
# ------------------------------------------ user.preferences, user.environment
        } elsif (($space eq 'preferences') || ($space eq 'environment')) {
	    if (($uname eq $env{'user.name'}) &&
		($udom eq $env{'user.domain'})) {
		return $env{join('.',('environment',$qualifierrest))};
	    } else {
		my %returnhash;
		if (!$publicuser) {
		    %returnhash=&userenvironment($udom,$uname,
						 $qualifierrest);
		}
		return $returnhash{$qualifierrest};
	    }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- user.course
        } elsif ($space eq 'course') {
	    # FIXME - not supporting calls for a specific user
            return $env{join('.',('request.course',$qualifier))};
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- user.role
        } elsif ($space eq 'role') {
	    # FIXME - not supporting calls for a specific user
            my ($role,$where)=split(/\./,$env{'request.role'});
            if ($qualifier eq 'value') {
		return $role;
            } elsif ($qualifier eq 'extent') {
                return $where;
            }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- user.domain
        } elsif ($space eq 'domain') {
            return $udom;
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- user.name
        } elsif ($space eq 'name') {
            return $uname;
# ---------------------------------------------------- Any other user namespace
        } else {
	    my %reply;
	    if (!$publicuser) {
		%reply=&get($space,[$qualifierrest],$udom,$uname);
	    }
	    return $reply{$qualifierrest};
        }
    } elsif ($realm eq 'query') {
# ---------------------------------------------- pull stuff out of query string
        &Apache::loncommon::get_unprocessed_cgi($ENV{'QUERY_STRING'},
						[$spacequalifierrest]);
	return $env{'form.'.$spacequalifierrest}; 
   } elsif ($realm eq 'request') {
# ------------------------------------------------------------- request.browser
        if ($space eq 'browser') {
            return $env{'browser.'.$qualifier};
# ------------------------------------------------------------ request.filename
        } else {
            return $env{'request.'.$spacequalifierrest};
        }
    } elsif ($realm eq 'course') {
# ---------------------------------------------------------- course.description
        return $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.'.$spacequalifierrest};
    } elsif ($realm eq 'resource') {

	if (defined($courseid) && $courseid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) {
	    if (!$symbparm) { $symbparm=&symbread(); }
	}

        if ($qualifier eq '') {
	    if ($space eq 'title') {
	        if (!$symbparm) { $symbparm = $env{'request.filename'}; }
	        return &gettitle($symbparm);
	    }
	
	    if ($space eq 'map') {
	        my ($map) = &decode_symb($symbparm);
	        return &symbread($map);
	    }
            if ($space eq 'maptitle') {
                my ($map) = &decode_symb($symbparm);
                return &gettitle($map);
            }
	    if ($space eq 'filename') {
	        if ($symbparm) {
		    return &clutter((&decode_symb($symbparm))[2]);
	        }
	        return &hreflocation('',$env{'request.filename'});
	    }

            if ((defined($courseid)) && ($courseid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) && $symbparm) {
                if ($space eq 'visibleparts') {
                    my $navmap = Apache::lonnavmaps::navmap->new();
                    my $item;
                    if (ref($navmap)) {
                        my $res = $navmap->getBySymb($symbparm);
                        my $parts = $res->parts();
                        if (ref($parts) eq 'ARRAY') {
                            $item = join(',',@{$parts});
                        }
                        undef($navmap);
                    }
                    return $item;
                }
            }
        }

	my ($section, $group, @groups, @recurseup, $recursed);
        if (ref($recurseupref) eq 'ARRAY') {
            @recurseup = @{$recurseupref};
            $recursed = 1;
        }
	my ($courselevelm,$courseleveli,$courselevel,$mapp);
        if (($courseid eq '') && ($cid)) {
            $courseid = $cid;
        }
	if (($symbparm && $courseid) && 
	    (($courseid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) || ($courseid eq $cid)))  {

	    #print '<br>'.$space.' - '.$qualifier.' - '.$spacequalifierrest;

# ----------------------------------------------------- Cascading lookup scheme
	    my $symbp=$symbparm;
	    $mapp=&deversion((&decode_symb($symbp))[0]);
	    my $symbparm=$symbp.'.'.$spacequalifierrest;
            my $recurseparm=$mapp.'___(rec).'.$spacequalifierrest;
	    my $mapparm=$mapp.'___(all).'.$spacequalifierrest;
	    if (($env{'user.name'} eq $uname) &&
		($env{'user.domain'} eq $udom)) {
		$section=$env{'request.course.sec'};
                @groups = split(/:/,$env{'request.course.groups'});  
                @groups=&sort_course_groups($courseid,@groups); 
	    } else {
		if (! defined($usection)) {
		    $section=&getsection($udom,$uname,$courseid);
		} else {
		    $section = $usection;
		}
                @groups = &get_users_groups($udom,$uname,$courseid);
	    }

	    my $seclevel=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$spacequalifierrest;
	    my $seclevelr=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$symbparm;
            my $secleveli=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$recurseparm;
	    my $seclevelm=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$mapparm;

	    $courselevel=$courseid.'.'.$spacequalifierrest;
	    my $courselevelr=$courseid.'.'.$symbparm;
            $courseleveli=$courseid.'.'.$recurseparm;
	    $courselevelm=$courseid.'.'.$mapparm;

# ----------------------------------------------------------- first, check user

	    my $userreply=&resdata($uname,$udom,'user',$mapp,\$recursed,
                                   \@recurseup,$courseid,'.',$spacequalifierrest, 
				       ([$courselevelr,'resource'],
					[$courselevelm,'map'     ],
                                        [$courseleveli,'map'     ],
					[$courselevel, 'course'  ]));
	    if (defined($userreply)) { return &get_reply($userreply); }

# ------------------------------------------------ second, check some of course
            my $coursereply;
            if (@groups > 0) {
                $coursereply = &check_group_parms($courseid,\@groups,$symbparm,
                                       $recurseparm,$mapparm,$spacequalifierrest,
                                       $mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup);
                if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); } 
            }

	    $coursereply=&resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
				  $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
				  'course',$mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup,
                                  $courseid,'.['.$section.'].',$spacequalifierrest,
				  ([$seclevelr,   'resource'],
				   [$seclevelm,   'map'     ],
                                   [$secleveli,   'map'     ],
				   [$seclevel,    'course'  ],
				   [$courselevelr,'resource']));
	    if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); }

# ------------------------------------------------------ third, check map parms
	    my %parmhash=();
	    my $thisparm='';
	    if (tie(%parmhash,'GDBM_File',
		    $env{'request.course.fn'}.'_parms.db',
		    &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
		$thisparm=$parmhash{$symbparm};
		untie(%parmhash);
	    }
	    if ($thisparm) { return &get_reply([$thisparm,'resource']); }
	}
# ------------------------------------------ fourth, look in resource metadata
 
        my $what = $spacequalifierrest;
	$what=~s/\./\_/;
	my $filename;
	if (!$symbparm) { $symbparm=&symbread(); }
	if ($symbparm) {
	    $filename=(&decode_symb($symbparm))[2];
	} else {
	    $filename=$env{'request.filename'};
	}
        my $toolsymb;
        if (($filename =~ /ext\.tool$/) && ($what ne '0_gradable')) {
            $toolsymb = $symbparm;
        }
	my $metadata=&metadata($filename,$what,$toolsymb);
	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }
	$metadata=&metadata($filename,'parameter_'.$what,$toolsymb);
	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }

# ----------------------------------------------- fifth, look in rest of course
	if ($symbparm && defined($courseid) && 
	    $courseid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) {
	    my $coursereply=&resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
				     $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
				     'course',$mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup,
                                     $courseid,'.',$spacequalifierrest,
				     ([$courselevelm,'map'   ],
                                      [$courseleveli,'map'   ],
				      [$courselevel, 'course']));
	    if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); }
	}
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cascade up
	unless ($space eq '0') {
	    my @parts=split(/_/,$space);
	    my $id=pop(@parts);
	    my $part=join('_',@parts);
	    if ($part eq '') { $part='0'; }
	    my @partgeneral=&EXT('resource.'.$part.'.'.$qualifierrest,
				 $symbparm,$udom,$uname,$section,1);
	    if (defined($partgeneral[0])) { return &get_reply(\@partgeneral); }
	}
	if ($recurse) { return undef; }
	my $pack_def=&packages_tab_default($filename,$varname,$toolsymb);
	if (defined($pack_def)) { return &get_reply([$pack_def,'resource']); }
# ---------------------------------------------------- Any other user namespace
    } elsif ($realm eq 'environment') {
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- environment
	if (($uname eq $env{'user.name'})&&($udom eq $env{'user.domain'})) {
	    return $env{'environment.'.$spacequalifierrest};
	} else {
	    if ($uname eq 'anonymous' && $udom eq '') {
		return '';
	    }
	    my %returnhash=&userenvironment($udom,$uname,
					    $spacequalifierrest);
	    return $returnhash{$spacequalifierrest};
	}
    } elsif ($realm eq 'system') {
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- system.time
	if ($space eq 'time') {
	    return time;
        }
    } elsif ($realm eq 'server') {
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- system.time
	if ($space eq 'name') {
	    return $ENV{'SERVER_NAME'};
        }
    } elsif ($realm eq 'client') {
        if ($space eq 'remote_addr') {
            return &get_requestor_ip();
        }
    }
    return '';
}

sub get_reply {
    my ($reply_value) = @_;
    if (ref($reply_value) eq 'ARRAY') {
        if (wantarray) {
	    return @$reply_value;
        }
        return $reply_value->[0];
    } else {
        return $reply_value;
    }
}

sub check_group_parms {
    my ($courseid,$groups,$symbparm,$recurseparm,$mapparm,$what,$mapp,
        $recursed,$recurseupref) = @_;
    my @levels = ([$symbparm,'resource'],[$mapparm,'map'],[$recurseparm,'map'],
                  [$what,'course']);
    my $coursereply;
    foreach my $group (@{$groups}) {
        my @groupitems = ();
        foreach my $level (@levels) {
             my $item = $courseid.'.['.$group.'].'.$level->[0];
             push(@groupitems,[$item,$level->[1]]);
        }
        my $coursereply = &resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
                                   $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
                                   'course',$mapp,$recursed,$recurseupref,
                                   $courseid,'.['.$group.'].',$what,
                                   @groupitems);
        last if (defined($coursereply));
    }
    return $coursereply;
}

sub get_map_hierarchy {
    my ($mapname,$courseid) = @_;
    my @recurseup = ();
    if ($mapname) {
        if (($cachedmapkey eq $courseid) &&
            (abs($cachedmaptime-time)<5)) {
            if (ref($cachedmaps{$mapname}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                return @{$cachedmaps{$mapname}};
            }
        }
        my $navmap = Apache::lonnavmaps::navmap->new();
        if (ref($navmap)) {
            @recurseup = $navmap->recurseup_maps($mapname);
            undef($navmap);
            $cachedmaps{$mapname} = \@recurseup;
            $cachedmaptime=time;
            $cachedmapkey=$courseid;
        }
    }
    return @recurseup;
}

}

sub sort_course_groups { # Sort groups based on defined rankings. Default is sort().
    my ($courseid,@groups) = @_;
    @groups = sort(@groups);
    return @groups;
}

sub packages_tab_default {
    my ($uri,$varname,$toolsymb)=@_;
    my (undef,$part,$name)=split(/\./,$varname);

    my (@extension,@specifics,$do_default);
    foreach my $package (split(/,/,&metadata($uri,'packages',$toolsymb))) {
	my ($pack_type,$pack_part)=split(/_/,$package,2);
	if ($pack_type eq 'default') {
	    $do_default=1;
	} elsif ($pack_type eq 'extension') {
	    push(@extension,[$package,$pack_type,$pack_part]);
	} elsif ($pack_part eq $part || $pack_type eq 'part') {
	    # only look at packages defaults for packages that this id is
	    push(@specifics,[$package,$pack_type,$pack_part]);
	}
    }
    # first look for a package that matches the requested part id
    foreach my $package (@specifics) {
	my (undef,$pack_type,$pack_part)=@{$package};
	next if ($pack_part ne $part);
	if (defined($packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"})) {
	    return $packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"};
	}
    }
    # look for any possible matching non extension_ package
    foreach my $package (@specifics) {
	my (undef,$pack_type,$pack_part)=@{$package};
	if (defined($packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"})) {
	    return $packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"};
	}
	if ($pack_type eq 'part') { $pack_part='0'; }
	if (defined($packagetab{$pack_type."_".$pack_part."&$name&default"})) {
	    return $packagetab{$pack_type."_".$pack_part."&$name&default"};
	}
    }
    # look for any posible extension_ match
    foreach my $package (@extension) {
	my ($package,$pack_type)=@{$package};
	if (defined($packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"})) {
	    return $packagetab{"$pack_type&$name&default"};
	}
	if (defined($packagetab{$package."&$name&default"})) {
	    return $packagetab{$package."&$name&default"};
	}
    }
    # look for a global default setting
    if ($do_default && defined($packagetab{"default&$name&default"})) {
	return $packagetab{"default&$name&default"};
    }
    return undef;
}

sub add_prefix_and_part {
    my ($prefix,$part)=@_;
    my $keyroot;
    if (defined($prefix) && $prefix !~ /^__/) {
	# prefix that has a part already
	$keyroot=$prefix;
    } elsif (defined($prefix)) {
	# prefix that is missing a part
	if (defined($part)) { $keyroot='_'.$part.substr($prefix,1); }
    } else {
	# no prefix at all
	if (defined($part)) { $keyroot='_'.$part; }
    }
    return $keyroot;
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------- Get metadata

my %metaentry;
my %importedpartids;
my %importedrespids;
sub metadata {
    my ($uri,$what,$toolsymb,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount)=@_;
    $uri=&declutter($uri);
    # if it is a non metadata possible uri return quickly
    if (($uri eq '') || 
	(($uri =~ m|^/*adm/|) && 
	     ($uri !~ m|^adm/includes|) && ($uri !~ m{/(smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$})) ||
        ($uri =~ m|/$|) || ($uri =~ m|/.meta$|) || ($uri =~ m{^/*uploaded/.+\.sequence$})) {
	return undef;
    }
    if (($uri =~ /^priv/ || $uri=~m{^home/httpd/html/priv}) 
	&& &Apache::lonxml::get_state('target') =~ /^(|meta)$/) {
	return undef;
    }
    my $filename=$uri;
    $uri=~s/\.meta$//;
#
# Is the metadata already cached?
# Look at timestamp of caching
# Everything is cached by the main uri, libraries are never directly cached
#
    if (!defined($liburi)) {
	my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('meta',$uri);
	if (defined($cached)) { return $result->{':'.$what}; }
    }

#
# If the uri is for an external tool the file from
# which metadata should be retrieved depends on whether
# the tool had been configured to be gradable (set in the Course
# Editor or Resource Editor).
#
# If a valid symb has been included as the third arg in the call
# to &metadata() that can be used to retrieve the value of
# parameter_0_gradable set for the resource, and included in the
# uploaded map containing the tool. The value is retrieved via
# &EXT(), if a valid symb is available.  Otherwise the value of
# gradable in the exttool_$marker.db file for the tool instance
# is retrieved via &get().
#
# When lonuserstate::traceroute() calls lonnet::EXT() for 
# hiddenresource and encrypturl (during course initialization)
# the map-level parameter for resource.0.gradable included in the 
# uploaded map containing the tool will not yet have been stored
# in the user_course_parms.db file for the user's session, so in 
# this case fall back to retrieving gradable status from the
# exttool_$marker.db file.
#
# In order to avoid an infinite loop, &metadata() will return
# before a call to &EXT(), if the uri is for an external tool
# and the $what for which metadata is being requested is
# parameter_0_gradable or 0_gradable.
#

    if ($uri =~ /ext\.tool$/) {
        if (($what eq 'parameter_0_gradable') || ($what eq '0_gradable')) {
            return;
        } else {
            my ($checked,$use_passback);
            if ($toolsymb ne '') {
                (undef,undef,my $tooluri) = &decode_symb($toolsymb);
                if (($tooluri eq $uri) && (&EXT('resource.0.gradable',$toolsymb))) {
                    $checked = 1;
                    if (&EXT('resource.0.gradable',$toolsymb) =~ /^yes$/i) {
                        $use_passback = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            unless ($checked) {
                my ($ignore,$cdom,$cnum,$marker) = split(m{/},$uri);
                $marker=~s/\D//g;
                if ($marker) {
                    my %toolsettings=&get('exttool_'.$marker,['gradable'],$cdom,$cnum);
                    $use_passback = $toolsettings{'gradable'};
                }
            }
            if ($use_passback) {
                $filename = '/home/httpd/html/res/lib/templates/LTIpassback.tool';
            } else {
                $filename = '/home/httpd/html/res/lib/templates/LTIstandard.tool';
            }
        }
    }

    {
# Imported parts would go here
        my @origfiletagids=();
        my $importedparts=0;

# Imported responseids would go here
        my $importedresponses=0;
#
# Is this a recursive call for a library?
#
#	if (! exists($metacache{$uri})) {
#	    $metacache{$uri}={};
#	}
	my $cachetime = 60*60;
        if ($liburi) {
	    $liburi=&declutter($liburi);
            $filename=$liburi;
        } else {
	    &devalidate_cache_new('meta',$uri);
	    undef(%metaentry);
	}
        my %metathesekeys=();
        unless ($filename=~/\.meta$/) { $filename.='.meta'; }
	my $metastring;
	if ($uri =~ /^priv/ || $uri=~/home\/httpd\/html\/priv/) {
	    my $which = &hreflocation('','/'.($liburi || $uri));
	    $metastring = 
		&Apache::lonnet::ssi_body($which,
					  ('grade_target' => 'meta'));
	    $cachetime = 1; # only want this cached in the child not long term
	} elsif (($uri !~ m -^(editupload)/-) && 
                 ($uri !~ m{^/*uploaded/$match_domain/$match_courseid/docs/})) {
	    my $file=&filelocation('',&clutter($filename));
	    #push(@{$metaentry{$uri.'.file'}},$file);
	    $metastring=&getfile($file);
	}
        my $parser=HTML::LCParser->new(\$metastring);
        my $token;
        undef %metathesekeys;
        while ($token=$parser->get_token) {
	    if ($token->[0] eq 'S') {
		if (defined($token->[2]->{'package'})) {
#
# This is a package - get package info
#
		    my $package=$token->[2]->{'package'};
		    my $keyroot=&add_prefix_and_part($prefix,$token->[2]->{'part'});
		    if (defined($token->[2]->{'id'})) { 
			$keyroot.='_'.$token->[2]->{'id'}; 
		    }
		    if ($metaentry{':packages'}) {
			$metaentry{':packages'}.=','.$package.$keyroot;
		    } else {
			$metaentry{':packages'}=$package.$keyroot;
		    }
		    foreach my $pack_entry (keys(%packagetab)) {
			my $part=$keyroot;
			$part=~s/^\_//;
			if ($pack_entry=~/^\Q$package\E\&/ || 
			    $pack_entry=~/^\Q$package\E_0\&/) {
			    my ($pack,$name,$subp)=split(/\&/,$pack_entry);
			    # ignore package.tab specified default values
                            # here &package_tab_default() will fetch those
			    if ($subp eq 'default') { next; }
			    my $value=$packagetab{$pack_entry};
			    my $unikey;
			    if ($pack =~ /_0$/) {
				$unikey='parameter_0_'.$name;
				$part=0;
			    } else {
				$unikey='parameter'.$keyroot.'_'.$name;
			    }
			    if ($subp eq 'display') {
				$value.=' [Part: '.$part.']';
			    }
			    $metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.part'}=$part;
			    $metathesekeys{$unikey}=1;
			    unless (defined($metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.'.$subp})) {
				$metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.'.$subp}=$value;
			    }
			    if (defined($metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.default'})) {
				$metaentry{':'.$unikey}=
				    $metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.default'};
			    }
			}
		    }
		} else {
#
# This is not a package - some other kind of start tag
#
		    my $entry=$token->[1];
		    my $unikey='';

		    if ($entry eq 'import') {
#
# Importing a library here
#
                        my $location=$parser->get_text('/import');
                        my $dir=$filename;
                        $dir=~s|[^/]*$||;
                        $location=&filelocation($dir,$location);

                        my $importid=$token->[2]->{'id'};
                        my $importmode=$token->[2]->{'importmode'};
#
# Check metadata for imported file to
# see if it contained response items
#
                        my ($origfile,@libfilekeys);
                        my %currmetaentry = %metaentry;
                        @libfilekeys = split(/,/,&metadata($location,'keys',undef,undef,undef,
                                                           $depthcount+1));
                        if (grep(/^responseorder$/,@libfilekeys)) {
                            my $libresponseorder = &metadata($location,'responseorder',undef,undef,
                                                             undef,$depthcount+1);
                            if ($libresponseorder ne '') {
                                if ($#origfiletagids<0) {
                                    undef(%importedrespids);
                                    undef(%importedpartids);
                                }
                                my @respids = split(/\s*,\s*/,$libresponseorder);
                                if (@respids) {
                                    $importedrespids{$importid} = join(',',map { $importid.'_'.$_ } @respids);
                                }
                                if ($importedrespids{$importid} ne '') {
                                    $importedresponses = 1;
# We need to get the original file and the imported file to get the response order correct
# Load and inspect original file
                                    if ($#origfiletagids<0) {
                                        my $origfilelocation=$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.&clutter($uri);
                                        $origfile=&getfile($origfilelocation);
                                        @origfiletagids=($origfile=~/<((?:\w+)response|import|part)[^>]*id\s*=\s*[\"\']([^\"\']+)[\"\'][^>]*>/gs);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
# Do not overwrite contents of %metaentry hash for resource itself with 
# hash populated for imported library file
                        %metaentry = %currmetaentry;
                        undef(%currmetaentry);
                        if ($importmode eq 'part') {
# Import as part(s)
                           $importedparts=1;
# We need to get the original file and the imported file to get the part order correct
# Good news: we do not need to worry about nested libraries, since parts cannot be nested
# Load and inspect original file if we didn't do that already
                           if ($#origfiletagids<0) {
                               undef(%importedrespids);
                               undef(%importedpartids);
                               if ($origfile eq '') {
                                   my $origfilelocation=$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.&clutter($uri);
                                   $origfile=&getfile($origfilelocation);
                                   @origfiletagids=($origfile=~/<(part|import)[^>]*id\s*=\s*[\"\']([^\"\']+)[\"\'][^>]*>/gs);
                               }
                           }
                           my @impfilepartids;
# If <partorder> tag is included in metadata for the imported file
# get the parts in the imported file from that.
                           if (grep(/^partorder$/,@libfilekeys)) {
                               %currmetaentry = %metaentry;
                               my $libpartorder = &metadata($location,'partorder',undef,undef,undef,
                                                            $depthcount+1);
                               %metaentry = %currmetaentry;
                               undef(%currmetaentry);
                               if ($libpartorder ne '') {
                                   @impfilepartids=split(/\s*,\s*/,$libpartorder);
                               }
                           } else {
# If no <partorder> tag available, load and inspect imported file
                               my $impfile=&getfile($location);
                               @impfilepartids=($impfile=~/<part[^>]*id\s*=\s*[\"\']([^\"\']+)[\"\'][^>]*>/gs);
                           }
                           if ($#impfilepartids>=0) {
# This problem had parts
                               $importedpartids{$token->[2]->{'id'}}=join(',',@impfilepartids);
                           } else {
# Importing by turning a single problem into a problem part
# It gets the import-tags ID as part-ID
                               $unikey=&add_prefix_and_part($prefix,$token->[2]->{'id'});
                               $importedpartids{$token->[2]->{'id'}}=$token->[2]->{'id'};
                           }
                        } else {
# Import as problem or as normal import
                            $unikey=&add_prefix_and_part($prefix,$token->[2]->{'part'});
                            unless ($importmode eq 'problem') {
# Normal import
                                if (defined($token->[2]->{'id'})) {
                                    $unikey.='_'.$token->[2]->{'id'};
                                }
                            }
# Check metadata for imported file to
# see if it contained parts
                            if (grep(/^partorder$/,@libfilekeys)) {
                                %currmetaentry = %metaentry;
                                my $libpartorder = &metadata($location,'partorder',undef,undef,undef,
                                                             $depthcount+1);
                                %metaentry = %currmetaentry;
                                undef(%currmetaentry);
                                if ($libpartorder ne '') {
                                    $importedparts = 1;
                                    $importedpartids{$token->[2]->{'id'}}=$libpartorder;
                                }
                            }
                        }
			if ($depthcount<20) {
			    my $metadata = 
				&metadata($uri,'keys',$toolsymb,$location,$unikey,
					  $depthcount+1);
			    foreach my $meta (split(',',$metadata)) {
				$metaentry{':'.$meta}=$metaentry{':'.$meta};
				$metathesekeys{$meta}=1;
			    }
                        }
		    } else {
#
# Not importing, some other kind of non-package, non-library start tag
# 
                        $unikey=$entry.&add_prefix_and_part($prefix,$token->[2]->{'part'});
                        if (defined($token->[2]->{'id'})) {
                            $unikey.='_'.$token->[2]->{'id'};
                        }
			if (defined($token->[2]->{'name'})) { 
			    $unikey.='_'.$token->[2]->{'name'}; 
			}
			$metathesekeys{$unikey}=1;
			foreach my $param (@{$token->[3]}) {
			    $metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.'.$param} =
				$token->[2]->{$param};
			}
			my $internaltext=&HTML::Entities::decode($parser->get_text('/'.$entry));
			my $default=$metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.default'};
			if ( $internaltext =~ /^\s*$/ && $default !~ /^\s*$/) {
		 # only ws inside the tag, and not in default, so use default
		 # as value
			    $metaentry{':'.$unikey}=$default;
			} elsif ( $internaltext =~ /\S/ ) {
		  # something interesting inside the tag
			    $metaentry{':'.$unikey}=$internaltext;
			} else {
		  # no interesting values, don't set a default
			}
# end of not-a-package not-a-library import
		    }
# end of not-a-package start tag
		}
# the next is the end of "start tag"
	    }
	}
	my ($extension) = ($uri =~ /\.(\w+)$/);
	$extension = lc($extension);
	if ($extension eq 'htm') { $extension='html'; }

	foreach my $key (keys(%packagetab)) {
	    #no specific packages #how's our extension
	    if ($key!~/^extension_\Q$extension\E&/) { next; }
	    &metadata_create_package_def($uri,$key,'extension_'.$extension,
					 \%metathesekeys);
	}

	if (!exists($metaentry{':packages'})
	    || $packagetab{"import_defaults&extension_$extension"}) {
	    foreach my $key (keys(%packagetab)) {
		#no specific packages well let's get default then
		if ($key!~/^default&/) { next; }
		&metadata_create_package_def($uri,$key,'default',
					     \%metathesekeys);
	    }
	}
# are there custom rights to evaluate
	if ($metaentry{':copyright'} eq 'custom') {

    #
    # Importing a rights file here
    #
	    unless ($depthcount) {
		my $location=$metaentry{':customdistributionfile'};
		my $dir=$filename;
		$dir=~s|[^/]*$||;
		$location=&filelocation($dir,$location);
		my $rights_metadata =
		    &metadata($uri,'keys',$toolsymb,$location,'_rights',
			      $depthcount+1);
		foreach my $rights (split(',',$rights_metadata)) {
		    #$metaentry{':'.$rights}=$metacache{$uri}->{':'.$rights};
		    $metathesekeys{$rights}=1;
		}
	    }
	}
	# uniqifiy package listing
	my %seen;
	my @uniq_packages =
	    grep { ! $seen{$_} ++ } (split(',',$metaentry{':packages'}));
	$metaentry{':packages'} = join(',',@uniq_packages);

        if (($importedresponses) || ($importedparts)) {
            if ($importedparts) {
# We had imported parts and need to rebuild partorder
                $metaentry{':partorder'}='';
                $metathesekeys{'partorder'}=1;
            }
            if ($importedresponses) {
# We had imported responses and need to rebuil responseorder
                $metaentry{':responseorder'}='';
                $metathesekeys{'responseorder'}=1;
            }
            for (my $index=0;$index<$#origfiletagids;$index+=2) {
                my $origid = $origfiletagids[$index+1];
                if ($origfiletagids[$index] eq 'part') {
# Original part, part of the problem
                    if ($importedparts) {
                        $metaentry{':partorder'}.=','.$origid;
                    }
                } elsif ($origfiletagids[$index] eq 'import') {
                    if ($importedparts) {
# We have imported parts at this position
                        if ($importedpartids{$origid} ne '') {
                            $metaentry{':partorder'}.=','.$importedpartids{$origid};
                        }
                    }
                    if ($importedresponses) {
# We have imported responses at this position
                        if ($importedrespids{$origid} ne '') {
                            $metaentry{':responseorder'}.=','.$importedrespids{$origid};
                        }
                    }
                } else {
# Original response item, part of the problem
                    if ($importedresponses) {
                        $metaentry{':responseorder'}.=','.$origid;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($importedparts) {
                $metaentry{':partorder'}=~s/^\,//;
            }
            if ($importedresponses) {
                $metaentry{':responseorder'}=~s/^\,//;
            }
        }
	$metaentry{':keys'} = join(',',keys(%metathesekeys));
	&metadata_generate_part0(\%metathesekeys,\%metaentry,$uri);
	$metaentry{':allpossiblekeys'}=join(',',keys(%metathesekeys));
        unless ($liburi) {
	    &do_cache_new('meta',$uri,\%metaentry,$cachetime);
        }
# this is the end of "was not already recently cached
    }
    return $metaentry{':'.$what};
}

sub metadata_create_package_def {
    my ($uri,$key,$package,$metathesekeys)=@_;
    my ($pack,$name,$subp)=split(/\&/,$key);
    if ($subp eq 'default') { next; }
    
    if (defined($metaentry{':packages'})) {
	$metaentry{':packages'}.=','.$package;
    } else {
	$metaentry{':packages'}=$package;
    }
    my $value=$packagetab{$key};
    my $unikey;
    $unikey='parameter_0_'.$name;
    $metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.part'}=0;
    $$metathesekeys{$unikey}=1;
    unless (defined($metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.'.$subp})) {
	$metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.'.$subp}=$value;
    }
    if (defined($metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.default'})) {
	$metaentry{':'.$unikey}=
	    $metaentry{':'.$unikey.'.default'};
    }
}

sub metadata_generate_part0 {
    my ($metadata,$metacache,$uri) = @_;
    my %allnames;
    foreach my $metakey (keys(%$metadata)) {
	if ($metakey=~/^parameter\_(.*)/) {
	  my $part=$$metacache{':'.$metakey.'.part'};
	  my $name=$$metacache{':'.$metakey.'.name'};
	  if (! exists($$metadata{'parameter_0_'.$name.'.name'})) {
	    $allnames{$name}=$part;
	  }
	}
    }
    foreach my $name (keys(%allnames)) {
      $$metadata{"parameter_0_$name"}=1;
      my $key=":parameter_0_$name";
      $$metacache{"$key.part"}='0';
      $$metacache{"$key.name"}=$name;
      $$metacache{"$key.type"}=$$metacache{':parameter_'.
					   $allnames{$name}.'_'.$name.
					   '.type'};
      my $olddis=$$metacache{':parameter_'.$allnames{$name}.'_'.$name.
			     '.display'};
      my $expr='[Part: '.$allnames{$name}.']';
      $olddis=~s/\Q$expr\E/\[Part: 0\]/;
      $$metacache{"$key.display"}=$olddis;
    }
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ Devalidate title cache

sub devalidate_title_cache {
    my ($url)=@_;
    if (!$env{'request.course.id'}) { return; }
    my $symb=&symbread($url);
    if (!$symb) { return; }
    my $key=$env{'request.course.id'}."\0".$symb;
    &devalidate_cache_new('title',$key);
}

# ------------------------------------------------- Get the title of a course

sub current_course_title {
    return $env{ 'course.' . $env{'request.course.id'} . '.description' };
}
# ------------------------------------------------- Get the title of a resource

sub gettitle {
    my $urlsymb=shift;
    my $symb=&symbread($urlsymb);
    if ($symb) {
	my $key=$env{'request.course.id'}."\0".$symb;
	my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('title',$key);
	if (defined($cached)) { 
	    return $result;
	}
	my ($map,$resid,$url)=&decode_symb($symb);
	my $title='';
	if (!$map && $resid == 0 && $url =~/default\.sequence$/) {
	    $title = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.description'};
	} else {
	    if (tie(my %bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
		    &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
		my $mapid=$bighash{'map_pc_'.&clutter($map)};
		$title=$bighash{'title_'.$mapid.'.'.$resid};
		untie(%bighash);
	    }
	}
	$title=~s/\&colon\;/\:/gs;
	if ($title) {
# Remember both $symb and $title for dynamic metadata
            $accesshash{$symb.'___crstitle'}=$title;
            $accesshash{&declutter($map).'___'.&declutter($url).'___usage'}=time;
# Cache this title and then return it
	    return &do_cache_new('title',$key,$title,600);
	}
	$urlsymb=$url;
    }
    my $title=&metadata($urlsymb,'title');
    if (!$title) { $title=(split('/',$urlsymb))[-1]; }    
    return $title;
}

sub get_slot {
    my ($which,$cnum,$cdom)=@_;
    if (!$cnum || !$cdom) {
	(undef,my $courseid)=&whichuser();
	$cdom=$env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'};
	$cnum=$env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'};
    }
    my $key=join("\0",'slots',$cdom,$cnum,$which);
    my %slotinfo;
    if (exists($remembered{$key})) {
	$slotinfo{$which} = $remembered{$key};
    } else {
	%slotinfo=&get('slots',[$which],$cdom,$cnum);
	&Apache::lonhomework::showhash(%slotinfo);
	my ($tmp)=keys(%slotinfo);
	if ($tmp=~/^error:/) { return (); }
	$remembered{$key} = $slotinfo{$which};
    }
    if (ref($slotinfo{$which}) eq 'HASH') {
	return %{$slotinfo{$which}};
    }
    return $slotinfo{$which};
}

sub get_reservable_slots {
    my ($cnum,$cdom,$uname,$udom) = @_;
    my $now = time;
    my $reservable_info;
    my $key=join("\0",'reservableslots',$cdom,$cnum,$uname,$udom);
    if (exists($remembered{$key})) {
        $reservable_info = $remembered{$key};
    } else {
        my %resv;
        ($resv{'now_order'},$resv{'now'},$resv{'future_order'},$resv{'future'}) =
        &Apache::loncommon::get_future_slots($cnum,$cdom,$now);
        $reservable_info = \%resv;
        $remembered{$key} = $reservable_info;
    }
    return $reservable_info;
}

sub get_course_slots {
    my ($cnum,$cdom) = @_;
    my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
    my ($result,$cached) = &is_cached_new('allslots',$hashid);
    if (defined($cached)) {
        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
            return %{$result};
        }
    } else {
        my %slots=&dump('slots',$cdom,$cnum);
        my ($tmp) = keys(%slots);
        if ($tmp !~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
            &do_cache_new('allslots',$hashid,\%slots,600);
            return %slots;
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub devalidate_slots_cache {
    my ($cnum,$cdom)=@_;
    my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
    &devalidate_cache_new('allslots',$hashid);
}

sub get_coursechange {
    my ($cdom,$cnum) = @_;
    if ($cdom eq '' || $cnum eq '') {
        return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    }
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    my ($change,$cached)=&is_cached_new('crschange',$hashid);
    if ((defined($cached)) && ($change ne '')) {
        return $change;
    } else {
        my %crshash;
        %crshash = &get('environment',['internal.contentchange'],$cdom,$cnum);
        if ($crshash{'internal.contentchange'} eq '') {
            $change = $env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.created'};
            if ($change eq '') {
                %crshash = &get('environment',['internal.created'],$cdom,$cnum);
                $change = $crshash{'internal.created'};
            }
        } else {
            $change = $crshash{'internal.contentchange'};
        }
        my $cachetime = 600;
        &do_cache_new('crschange',$hashid,$change,$cachetime);
    }
    return $change;
}

sub devalidate_coursechange_cache {
    my ($cdom,$cnum)=@_;
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    &devalidate_cache_new('crschange',$hashid);
}

sub get_suppchange {
    my ($cdom,$cnum) = @_;
    if ($cdom eq '' || $cnum eq '') {
        return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'};
        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
    }
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    my ($change,$cached)=&is_cached_new('suppchange',$hashid);
    if ((defined($cached)) && ($change ne '')) {
        return $change;
    } else {
        my %crshash = &get('environment',['internal.supplementalchange'],$cdom,$cnum);
        if ($crshash{'internal.supplementalchange'} eq '') {
            $change = $env{'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.created'};
            if ($change eq '') {
                %crshash = &get('environment',['internal.created'],$cdom,$cnum);
                $change = $crshash{'internal.created'};
            }
        } else {
            $change = $crshash{'internal.supplementalchange'};
        }
        my $cachetime = 600;
        &do_cache_new('suppchange',$hashid,$change,$cachetime);
    }
    return $change;
}

sub devalidate_suppchange_cache {
    my ($cdom,$cnum)=@_;
    my $hashid=$cdom.'_'.$cnum;
    &devalidate_cache_new('suppchange',$hashid);
}

sub update_supp_caches {
    my ($cdom,$cnum) = @_;
    my %servers = &internet_dom_servers($cdom);
    my @ids=&current_machine_ids();
    foreach my $server (keys(%servers)) {
        next if (grep(/^\Q$server\E$/,@ids));
        my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
        my $cachekey = &escape('showsupp').':'.&escape($hashid);
        &remote_devalidate_cache($server,[$cachekey]);
    }
    &has_unhidden_suppfiles($cnum,$cdom,1,1);
    &count_supptools($cnum,$cdom,1);
    my $now = time;
    if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cdom.'_'.$cnum) {
        &Apache::lonnet::appenv({'request.course.suppupdated' => $now});
    }
    &put('environment',{'internal.supplementalchange' => $now},
         $cdom,$cnum);
    &Apache::lonnet::appenv(
        {'course.'.$cdom.'_'.$cnum.'.internal.supplementalchange' => $now});
    &do_cache_new('suppchange',$cdom.'_'.$cnum,$now,600);
}

# ------------------------------------------------- Update symbolic store links

sub symblist {
    my ($mapname,%newhash)=@_;
    $mapname=&deversion(&declutter($mapname));
    my %hash;
    if (($env{'request.course.fn'}) && (%newhash)) {
        if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'_symb.db',
                      &GDBM_WRCREAT(),0640)) {
	    foreach my $url (keys(%newhash)) {
		next if ($url eq 'last_known'
			 && $env{'form.no_update_last_known'});
		$hash{declutter($url)}=&encode_symb($mapname,
						    $newhash{$url}->[1],
						    $newhash{$url}->[0]);
            }
            if (untie(%hash)) {
		return 'ok';
            }
        }
    }
    return 'error';
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- Verify a symb

sub symbverify {
    my ($symb,$thisurl,$encstate)=@_;
    my $thisfn=$thisurl;
    $thisfn=&declutter($thisfn);
# direct jump to resource in page or to a sequence - will construct own symbs
    if ($thisfn=~/\.(page|sequence)$/) { return 1; }
# check URL part
    my ($map,$resid,$url)=&decode_symb($symb);

    unless ($url eq $thisfn) { return 0; }

    $symb=&symbclean($symb);
    $thisurl=&deversion($thisurl);
    $thisfn=&deversion($thisfn);

    my %bighash;
    my $okay=0;

    if (tie(%bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
                            &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
        if (($thisurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/ext/}) || ($thisurl =~ m{^ext/})) {
            $thisurl =~ s/\?.+$//;
            if ($map =~ m{^uploaded/.+\.page$}) {
                $thisurl =~ s{^(/adm/wrapper|)/ext/}{http://};
                $thisurl =~ s{^\Qhttp://https://\E}{https://};
            }
        }
        my $ids;
        if ($map =~ m{^uploaded/.+\.page$}) {
            $ids=$bighash{'ids_'.&clutter_with_no_wrapper($thisurl)};
        } else {
            $ids=$bighash{'ids_'.&clutter($thisurl)};
        }
        unless ($ids) {
            my $idkey = 'ids_'.($thisurl =~ m{^/}? '' : '/').$thisurl;  
            $ids=$bighash{$idkey};
        }
        if ($ids) {
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- Has ID(s)
            if ($thisfn =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/ext/}) {
                $symb =~ s/\?.+$//;
            }
	    foreach my $id (split(/\,/,$ids)) {
	       my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$id);
               if (
  &symbclean(&declutter($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid}).'___'.$resid.'___'.$thisfn)
   eq $symb) {
                   if (ref($encstate)) {
                       $$encstate = $bighash{'encrypted_'.$id};
                   }
		   if (($env{'request.role.adv'}) ||
		       ($bighash{'encrypted_'.$id} eq $env{'request.enc'}) ||
                       ($thisurl eq '/adm/navmaps')) {
		       $okay=1;
                       last;
		   }
	       }
	   }
        }
	untie(%bighash);
    }
    return $okay;
}

# --------------------------------------------------------------- Clean-up symb

sub symbclean {
    my $symb=shift;
    if ($symb=~m|^/enc/|) { $symb=&Apache::lonenc::unencrypted($symb); }
# remove version from map
    $symb=~s/\.(\d+)\.(\w+)\_\_\_/\.$2\_\_\_/;

# remove version from URL
    $symb=~s/\.(\d+)\.(\w+)$/\.$2/;

# remove wrapper

    $symb=~s/(\_\_\_\d+\_\_\_)adm\/wrapper\/(res\/)*/$1/;
    $symb=~s/(\_\_\_\d+\_\_\_)adm\/coursedocs\/showdoc\/(res\/)*/$1/;
    return $symb;
}

# ---------------------------------------------- Split symb to find map and url

sub encode_symb {
    my ($map,$resid,$url)=@_;
    return &symbclean(&declutter($map).'___'.$resid.'___'.&declutter($url));
}

sub decode_symb {
    my $symb=shift;
    if ($symb=~m|^/enc/|) { $symb=&Apache::lonenc::unencrypted($symb); }
    my ($map,$resid,$url)=split(/___/,$symb);
    return (&fixversion($map),$resid,&fixversion($url));
}

sub fixversion {
    my $fn=shift;
    if ($fn=~/^(adm|uploaded|editupload|public)/) { return $fn; }
    my %bighash;
    my $uri=&clutter($fn);
    my $key=$env{'request.course.id'}.'_'.$uri;
# is this cached?
    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('courseresversion',$key);
    if (defined($cached)) { return $result; }
# unfortunately not cached, or expired
    if (tie(%bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
	    &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
 	if ($bighash{'version_'.$uri}) {
 	    my $version=$bighash{'version_'.$uri};
 	    unless (($version eq 'mostrecent') || 
		    ($version==&getversion($uri))) {
 		$uri=~s/\.(\w+)$/\.$version\.$1/;
 	    }
 	}
 	untie %bighash;
    }
    return &do_cache_new('courseresversion',$key,&declutter($uri),600);
}

sub deversion {
    my $url=shift;
    $url=~s/\.\d+\.(\w+)$/\.$1/;
    return $url;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------ Return symb list entry

sub symbread {
    my ($thisfn,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles,
        $ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck)=@_;
    my $cache_str='request.symbread.cached.'.$thisfn;
    if (defined($env{$cache_str})) {
        unless (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
            if ($ignorecachednull) {
                return $env{$cache_str} unless ($env{$cache_str} eq '');
            } else {
                return $env{$cache_str};
            }
        }
    }
# no filename provided? try from environment
    unless ($thisfn) {
        if ($env{'request.symb'}) {
            return $env{$cache_str}=&symbclean($env{'request.symb'});
	}
	$thisfn=$env{'request.filename'};
    }
    if ($thisfn=~m|^/enc/|) { $thisfn=&Apache::lonenc::unencrypted($thisfn); }
# is that filename actually a symb? Verify, clean, and return
    if ($thisfn=~/\_\_\_\d+\_\_\_(.*)$/) {
	if (&symbverify($thisfn,$1)) {
	    return $env{$cache_str}=&symbclean($thisfn);
	}
    }
    $thisfn=declutter($thisfn);
    my %hash;
    my %bighash;
    my $syval='';
    if (($env{'request.course.fn'}) && ($thisfn)) {
        unless ($ignoresymbdb) {
            if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'_symb.db',
                          &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
	        $syval=$hash{$thisfn};
                untie(%hash);
            }
            if ($syval && $checkforblock) {
                my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$thisfn,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck);
                if (@blockers) {
                    $syval='';
                }
            }
        }
# ---------------------------------------------------------- There was an entry
        if ($syval) {
	    #unless ($syval=~/\_\d+$/) {
		#unless ($env{'form.request.prefix'}=~/\.(\d+)\_$/) {
		    #&appenv({'request.ambiguous' => $thisfn});
		    #return $env{$cache_str}='';
		#}    
		#$syval.=$1;
	    #}
        } else {
# ------------------------------------------------------- Was not in symb table
           if (tie(%bighash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'.db',
                            &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
# ---------------------------------------------- Get ID(s) for current resource
              my $ids=$bighash{'ids_'.&clutter($thisfn)};
              unless ($ids) { 
                 $ids=$bighash{'ids_/'.$thisfn};
              }
              unless ($ids) {
# alias?
		  $ids=$bighash{'mapalias_'.$thisfn};
              }
              if ($ids) {
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- Has ID(s)
                 my @possibilities=split(/\,/,$ids);
                 if ($#possibilities==0) {
# ----------------------------------------------- There is only one possibility
		     my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$ids);
		     $syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
						    $resid,$thisfn);
                     if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
                         unless ($bighash{'randomout_'.$ids} || $env{'request.role.adv'}) {
                             $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
                         }
                     }
                     if ($checkforblock) {
                         unless ($bighash{'randomout_'.$ids} || $env{'request.role.adv'}) {
                             my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$bighash{'src_'.$ids},'',$noenccheck);
                             if (@blockers) {
                                 $syval = '';
                                 untie(%bighash);
                                 return $env{$cache_str}='';
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 } elsif ((!$donotrecurse) || ($checkforblock) || (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH')) { 
# ------------------------------------------ There is more than one possibility
                     my $realpossible=0;
                     foreach my $id (@possibilities) {
			 my $file=$bighash{'src_'.$id};
                         my $canaccess;
                         if (($donotrecurse) || ($checkforblock) || (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH')) {
                             $canaccess = 1;
                         } else { 
                             $canaccess = &allowed('bre',$file);
                         }
                         if ($canaccess) {
         		     my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$id);
                             if ($bighash{'map_type_'.$mapid} ne 'page') {
                                 my $poss_syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
						             $resid,$thisfn);
                                 next if ($bighash{'randomout_'.$id} && !$env{'request.role.adv'});
                                 next unless (($noenccheck) || ($bighash{'encrypted_'.$id} eq $env{'request.enc'}));
                                 if ($checkforblock) {
                                     my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$poss_syval,$file,'',$noenccheck);
                                     if (@blockers > 0) {
                                         $syval = '';
                                     } else {
                                         $syval = $poss_syval;
                                         $realpossible++;
                                     }
                                 } else {
                                     $syval = $poss_syval;
                                     $realpossible++;
                                 }
                                 if ($syval) {
                                     if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
                                         $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
			 }
                     }
		     if ($realpossible!=1) { $syval=''; }
                 } else {
                     $syval='';
                 }
	      }
              untie(%bighash);
           }
        }
        if ($syval) {
	    return $env{$cache_str}=$syval;
        }
    }
    &appenv({'request.ambiguous' => $thisfn});
    return $env{$cache_str}='';
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Return random seed

sub numval {
    my $txt=shift;
    $txt=~tr/A-J/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/a-j/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/K-T/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/k-t/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/U-Z/0-5/;
    $txt=~tr/u-z/0-5/;
    $txt=~s/\D//g;
    if ($_64bit) { if ($txt > 2**32) { return -1; } }
    return int($txt);
}

sub numval2 {
    my $txt=shift;
    $txt=~tr/A-J/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/a-j/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/K-T/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/k-t/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/U-Z/0-5/;
    $txt=~tr/u-z/0-5/;
    $txt=~s/\D//g;
    my @txts=split(/(\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d)/,$txt);
    my $total;
    foreach my $val (@txts) { $total+=$val; }
    if ($_64bit) { if ($total > 2**32) { return -1; } }
    return int($total);
}

sub numval3 {
    use integer;
    my $txt=shift;
    $txt=~tr/A-J/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/a-j/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/K-T/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/k-t/0-9/;
    $txt=~tr/U-Z/0-5/;
    $txt=~tr/u-z/0-5/;
    $txt=~s/\D//g;
    my @txts=split(/(\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d)/,$txt);
    my $total;
    foreach my $val (@txts) { $total+=$val; }
    if ($_64bit) { $total=(($total<<32)>>32); }
    return $total;
}

sub digest {
    my ($data)=@_;
    my $digest=&Digest::MD5::md5($data);
    my ($a,$b,$c,$d)=unpack("iiii",$digest);
    my ($e,$f);
    {
        use integer;
        $e=($a+$b);
        $f=($c+$d);
        if ($_64bit) {
            $e=(($e<<32)>>32);
            $f=(($f<<32)>>32);
        }
    }
    if (wantarray) {
	return ($e,$f);
    } else {
	my $g;
	{
	    use integer;
	    $g=($e+$f);
	    if ($_64bit) {
		$g=(($g<<32)>>32);
	    }
	}
	return $g;
    }
}

sub latest_rnd_algorithm_id {
    return '64bit5';
}

sub get_rand_alg {
    my ($courseid)=@_;
    if (!$courseid) { $courseid=(&whichuser())[1]; }
    if ($courseid) {
	return $env{"course.$courseid.rndseed"};
    }
    return &latest_rnd_algorithm_id();
}

sub validCODE {
    my ($CODE)=@_;
    if (defined($CODE) && $CODE ne '' && $CODE =~ /^\w+$/) { return 1; }
    return 0;
}

sub getCODE {
    if (&validCODE($env{'form.CODE'})) { return $env{'form.CODE'}; }
    if ( (defined($Apache::lonhomework::parsing_a_problem) ||
	  defined($Apache::lonhomework::parsing_a_task) ) &&
	 &validCODE($Apache::lonhomework::history{'resource.CODE'})) {
	return $Apache::lonhomework::history{'resource.CODE'};
    }
    return undef;
}
#
#  Determines the random seed for a specific context:
#
# parameters:
#   symb      - in course context the symb for the seed.
#   course_id - The course id of the form domain_coursenum.
#   domain    - Domain for the user.
#   course    - Course for the user.
#   cenv      - environment of the course.
#
# NOTE:
#   All parameters are picked out of the environment if missing
#   or not defined.
#   If a symb cannot be determined the current time is used instead.
#
#  For a given well defined symb, courside, domain, username,
#  and course environment, the seed is reproducible.
#
sub rndseed {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username, $cenv)=@_;
    my ($wsymb,$wcourseid,$wdomain,$wusername)=&whichuser();
    if (!defined($symb)) {
	unless ($symb=$wsymb) { return time; }
    }
    if (!defined $courseid) { 
	$courseid=$wcourseid; 
    }
    if (!defined $domain) { $domain=$wdomain; }
    if (!defined $username) { $username=$wusername }

    my $which;
    if (defined($cenv->{'rndseed'})) {
	$which = $cenv->{'rndseed'};
    } else {
	$which =&get_rand_alg($courseid);
    }
    if (defined(&getCODE())) {

	if ($which eq '64bit5') {
	    return &rndseed_CODE_64bit5($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
	} elsif ($which eq '64bit4') {
	    return &rndseed_CODE_64bit4($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
	} else {
	    return &rndseed_CODE_64bit($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
	}
    } elsif ($which eq '64bit5') {
	return &rndseed_64bit5($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
    } elsif ($which eq '64bit4') {
	return &rndseed_64bit4($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
    } elsif ($which eq '64bit3') {
	return &rndseed_64bit3($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
    } elsif ($which eq '64bit2') {
	return &rndseed_64bit2($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
    } elsif ($which eq '64bit') {
	return &rndseed_64bit($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
    }
    return &rndseed_32bit($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username);
}

sub rndseed_32bit {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32C*",$symb) << 27;
	my $symbseed=numval($symb) << 22;
	my $namechck=unpack("%32C*",$username) << 17;
	my $nameseed=numval($username) << 12;
	my $domainseed=unpack("%32C*",$domain) << 7;
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32C*",$courseid);
	my $num=$symbseed+$nameseed+$domainseed+$courseseed+$namechck+$symbchck;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$nameseed;$domainseed|$courseseed;$namechck:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num:$symb");
	if ($_64bit) { $num=(($num<<32)>>32); }
	return $num;
    }
}

sub rndseed_64bit {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb) << 21;
	my $symbseed=numval($symb) << 10;
	my $namechck=unpack("%32S*",$username);
	
	my $nameseed=numval($username) << 21;
	my $domainseed=unpack("%32S*",$domain) << 10;
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid);
	
	my $num1=$symbchck+$symbseed+$namechck;
	my $num2=$nameseed+$domainseed+$courseseed;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$nameseed;$domainseed|$courseseed;$namechck:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num:$symb");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	return "$num1,$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_64bit2 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	# strings need to be an even # of cahracters long, it it is odd the
        # last characters gets thrown away
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb.' ') << 21;
	my $symbseed=numval($symb) << 10;
	my $namechck=unpack("%32S*",$username.' ');
	
	my $nameseed=numval($username) << 21;
	my $domainseed=unpack("%32S*",$domain.' ') << 10;
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid.' ');
	
	my $num1=$symbchck+$symbseed+$namechck;
	my $num2=$nameseed+$domainseed+$courseseed;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$nameseed;$domainseed|$courseseed;$namechck:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num:$symb");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	return "$num1,$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_64bit3 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	# strings need to be an even # of cahracters long, it it is odd the
        # last characters gets thrown away
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb.' ') << 21;
	my $symbseed=numval2($symb) << 10;
	my $namechck=unpack("%32S*",$username.' ');
	
	my $nameseed=numval2($username) << 21;
	my $domainseed=unpack("%32S*",$domain.' ') << 10;
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid.' ');
	
	my $num1=$symbchck+$symbseed+$namechck;
	my $num2=$nameseed+$domainseed+$courseseed;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$nameseed;$domainseed|$courseseed;$namechck:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num1:$num2:$_64bit");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	
	return "$num1:$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_64bit4 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	# strings need to be an even # of cahracters long, it it is odd the
        # last characters gets thrown away
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb.' ') << 21;
	my $symbseed=numval3($symb) << 10;
	my $namechck=unpack("%32S*",$username.' ');
	
	my $nameseed=numval3($username) << 21;
	my $domainseed=unpack("%32S*",$domain.' ') << 10;
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid.' ');
	
	my $num1=$symbchck+$symbseed+$namechck;
	my $num2=$nameseed+$domainseed+$courseseed;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$nameseed;$domainseed|$courseseed;$namechck:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num1:$num2:$_64bit");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	
	return "$num1:$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_64bit5 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    my ($num1,$num2)=&digest("$symb,$courseid,$domain,$username");
    return "$num1:$num2";
}

sub rndseed_CODE_64bit {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb.' ') << 16;
	my $symbseed=numval2($symb);
	my $CODEchck=unpack("%32S*",&getCODE().' ') << 16;
	my $CODEseed=numval(&getCODE());
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid.' ');
	my $num1=$symbseed+$CODEchck;
	my $num2=$CODEseed+$courseseed+$symbchck;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$CODEchck|$CODEseed:$courseseed:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num1:$num2:$symb");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); }
	if ($_64bit) { $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	return "$num1:$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_CODE_64bit4 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    {
	use integer;
	my $symbchck=unpack("%32S*",$symb.' ') << 16;
	my $symbseed=numval3($symb);
	my $CODEchck=unpack("%32S*",&getCODE().' ') << 16;
	my $CODEseed=numval3(&getCODE());
	my $courseseed=unpack("%32S*",$courseid.' ');
	my $num1=$symbseed+$CODEchck;
	my $num2=$CODEseed+$courseseed+$symbchck;
	#&logthis("$symbseed:$CODEchck|$CODEseed:$courseseed:$symbchck");
	#&logthis("rndseed :$num1:$num2:$symb");
	if ($_64bit) { $num1=(($num1<<32)>>32); }
	if ($_64bit) { $num2=(($num2<<32)>>32); }
	return "$num1:$num2";
    }
}

sub rndseed_CODE_64bit5 {
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$username)=@_;
    my $code = &getCODE();
    my ($num1,$num2)=&digest("$symb,$courseid,$code");
    return "$num1:$num2";
}

sub setup_random_from_rndseed {
    my ($rndseed)=@_;
    if ($rndseed =~/([,:])/) {
        my ($num1,$num2) = map { abs($_); } (split(/[,:]/,$rndseed));
        if ((!$num1) || (!$num2) || ($num1 > 2147483562) || ($num2 > 2147483398)) {
            &Math::Random::random_set_seed_from_phrase($rndseed);
        } else {
            &Math::Random::random_set_seed($num1,$num2);
        }
    } else {
	&Math::Random::random_set_seed_from_phrase($rndseed);
    }
}

sub latest_receipt_algorithm_id {
    return 'receipt3';
}

sub recunique {
    my $fucourseid=shift;
    my $unique;
    if ($env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt2' ||
	$env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt3' ) {
	$unique=$env{"course.$fucourseid.internal.encseed"};
    } else {
	$unique=$perlvar{'lonReceipt'};
    }
    return unpack("%32C*",$unique);
}

sub recprefix {
    my $fucourseid=shift;
    my $prefix;
    if ($env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt2'||
	$env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt3' ) {
	$prefix=$env{"course.$fucourseid.internal.encpref"};
    } else {
	$prefix=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    }
    return unpack("%32C*",$prefix);
}

sub ireceipt {
    my ($funame,$fudom,$fucourseid,$fusymb,$part)=@_;

    my $return =&recprefix($fucourseid).'-';

    if ($env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt3' ||
	$env{'request.state'} eq 'construct') {
	$return .= (&digest("$funame,$fudom,$fucourseid,$fusymb,$part")%10000);
	return $return;
    }

    my $cuname=unpack("%32C*",$funame);
    my $cudom=unpack("%32C*",$fudom);
    my $cucourseid=unpack("%32C*",$fucourseid);
    my $cusymb=unpack("%32C*",$fusymb);
    my $cunique=&recunique($fucourseid);
    my $cpart=unpack("%32S*",$part);
    if ($env{"course.$fucourseid.receiptalg"} eq 'receipt2') {

	#&logthis("doing receipt2  using parts $cpart, uname $cuname and udom $cudom gets  ".($cpart%$cuname)." and ".($cpart%$cudom));
			       
	$return.= ($cunique%$cuname+
		   $cunique%$cudom+
		   $cusymb%$cuname+
		   $cusymb%$cudom+
		   $cucourseid%$cuname+
		   $cucourseid%$cudom+
		   $cpart%$cuname+
		   $cpart%$cudom);
    } else {
	$return.= ($cunique%$cuname+
		   $cunique%$cudom+
		   $cusymb%$cuname+
		   $cusymb%$cudom+
		   $cucourseid%$cuname+
		   $cucourseid%$cudom);
    }
    return $return;
}

sub receipt {
    my ($part)=@_;
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$name) = &whichuser();
    return &ireceipt($name,$domain,$courseid,$symb,$part);
}

sub whichuser {
    my ($passedsymb)=@_;
    my ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$name,$publicuser);
    if (defined($env{'form.grade_symb'})) {
	my ($tmp_courseid)=&get_env_multiple('form.grade_courseid');
	my $allowed=&allowed('vgr',$tmp_courseid);
	if (!$allowed &&
	    exists($env{'request.course.sec'}) &&
	    $env{'request.course.sec'} !~ /^\s*$/) {
	    $allowed=&allowed('vgr',$tmp_courseid.
			      '/'.$env{'request.course.sec'});
	}
	if ($allowed) {
	    ($symb)=&get_env_multiple('form.grade_symb');
	    $courseid=$tmp_courseid;
	    ($domain)=&get_env_multiple('form.grade_domain');
	    ($name)=&get_env_multiple('form.grade_username');
	    return ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$name,$publicuser);
	}
    }
    if (!$passedsymb) {
	$symb=&symbread();
    } else {
	$symb=$passedsymb;
    }
    $courseid=$env{'request.course.id'};
    $domain=$env{'user.domain'};
    $name=$env{'user.name'};
    if ($name eq 'public' && $domain eq 'public') {
	if (!defined($env{'form.username'})) {
	    $env{'form.username'}.=time.rand(10000000);
	}
	$name.=$env{'form.username'};
    }
    return ($symb,$courseid,$domain,$name,$publicuser);

}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ Serves up a file
# returns either the contents of the file or 
# -1 if the file doesn't exist
#
# if the target is a file that was uploaded via DOCS, 
# a check will be made to see if a current copy exists on the local server,
# if it does this will be served, otherwise a copy will be retrieved from
# the home server for the course and stored in /home/httpd/html/userfiles on
# the local server.   

sub getfile {
    my ($file) = @_;
    if ($file =~ m -^/*(uploaded|editupload)/-) { $file=&filelocation("",$file); }
    &repcopy($file);
    return &readfile($file);
}

sub repcopy_userfile {
    my ($file)=@_;
    my $londocroot = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'};
    if ($file =~ m{^/*(uploaded|editupload)/}) { $file=&filelocation("",$file); }
    if ($file =~ m{^\Q/home/httpd/lonUsers/\E}) { return 'ok'; }
    my ($cdom,$cnum,$filename) = 
	($file=~m|^\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E/+userfiles/+($match_domain)/+($match_name)/+(.*)|);
    my $uri="/uploaded/$cdom/$cnum/$filename";
    if (-e "$file") {
# we already have a local copy, check it out
	my @fileinfo = stat($file);
	my $rtncode;
	my $info;
	my $lwpresp = &getuploaded('HEAD',$uri,$cdom,$cnum,\$info,\$rtncode);
	if ($lwpresp ne 'ok') {
# there is no such file anymore, even though we had a local copy
	    if ($rtncode eq '404') {
		unlink($file);
	    }
	    return -1;
	}
	if ($info < $fileinfo[9]) {
# nice, the file we have is up-to-date, just say okay
	    return 'ok';
	} else {
# the file is outdated, get rid of it
	    unlink($file);
	}
    }
# one way or the other, at this point, we don't have the file
# construct the correct path for the file
    my @parts = ($cdom,$cnum); 
    if ($filename =~ m|^(.+)/[^/]+$|) {
	push @parts, split(/\//,$1);
    }
    my $path = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/userfiles';
    foreach my $part (@parts) {
	$path .= '/'.$part;
	if (!-e $path) {
	    mkdir($path,0770);
	}
    }
# now the path exists for sure
# get a user agent
    my $transferfile=$file.'.in.transfer';
# FIXME: this should flock
    if (-e $transferfile) { return 'ok'; }
    my $request;
    $uri=~s/^\///;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $hostname = &hostname($homeserver);
    my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
    $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/raw/'.$uri);
    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,$transferfile,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
# did it work?
    if ($response->is_error()) {
	unlink($transferfile);
	&logthis("Userfile repcopy failed for $uri");
	return -1;
    }
# worked, rename the transfer file
    rename($transferfile,$file);
    return 'ok';
}

sub tokenwrapper {
    my $uri=shift;
    $uri=~s|^https?\://([^/]+)||;
    $uri=~s|^/||;
    $env{'user.environment'}=~/\/([^\/]+)\.id/;
    my $token=$1;
    my (undef,$udom,$uname,$file)=split('/',$uri,4);
    if ($udom && $uname && $file) {
	$file=~s|(\?\.*)*$||;
        &appenv({"userfile.$udom/$uname/$file" => $env{'request.course.id'}});
        my $homeserver = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
        my $hostname = &hostname($homeserver);
        my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
        $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
        return $protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/'.$uri.
               (($uri=~/\?/)?'&':'?').'token='.$token.
                               '&tokenissued='.$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    } else {
        return '/adm/notfound.html';
    }
}

# call with reqtype HEAD: get last modification time
# call with reqtype GET: get the file contents
# Do not call this with reqtype GET for large files! It loads everything into memory
#
sub getuploaded {
    my ($reqtype,$uri,$cdom,$cnum,$info,$rtncode) = @_;
    $uri=~s/^\///;
    my $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
    my $hostname = &hostname($homeserver);
    my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
    $uri = $protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/raw/'.$uri;
    my $request=new HTTP::Request($reqtype,$uri);
    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,'',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
    $$rtncode = $response->code;
    if (! $response->is_success()) {
	return 'failed';
    }      
    if ($reqtype eq 'HEAD') {
	$$info = &HTTP::Date::str2time( $response->header('Last-modified') );
    } elsif ($reqtype eq 'GET') {
	$$info = $response->content;
    }
    return 'ok';
}

sub readfile {
    my $file = shift;
    if ( (! -e $file ) || ($file eq '') ) { return -1; };
    my $fh;
    open($fh,"<",$file);
    my $a='';
    while (my $line = <$fh>) { $a .= $line; }
    return $a;
}

sub filelocation {
    my ($dir,$file) = @_;
    my $location;
    $file=~ s/^\s*(\S+)\s*$/$1/; ## strip off leading and trailing spaces

    if ($file =~ m-^/adm/-) {
	$file=~s-^/adm/wrapper/-/-;
	$file=~s-^/adm/coursedocs/showdoc/-/-;
    }

    if ($file =~ m-^\Q$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonTabDir'}\E/-) {
        $location = $file;
    } elsif ($file=~/^\/*(uploaded|editupload)/) { # is an uploaded file
        my ($udom,$uname,$filename)=
  	    ($file=~m -^/+(?:uploaded|editupload)/+($match_domain)/+($match_name)/+(.*)$-);
        my $home=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
        my $is_me=0;
        my @ids=&current_machine_ids();
        foreach my $id (@ids) { if ($id eq $home) { $is_me=1; } }
        if ($is_me) {
  	    $location=propath($udom,$uname).'/userfiles/'.$filename;
        } else {
  	  $location=$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/userfiles/'.
  	      $udom.'/'.$uname.'/'.$filename;
        }
    } elsif ($file =~ m-^/adm/-) {
	$location = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/'.$file;
    } else {
        $file=~s/^\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E//;
        $file=~s:^/(res|priv)/:/:;
        my $space=$1;
        if ( !( $file =~ m:^/:) ) {
            $location = $dir. '/'.$file;
        } else {
            $location = $perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/'.$space.$file;
        }
    }
    $location=~s://+:/:g; # remove duplicate /
    while ($location=~m{/\.\./}) {
	if ($location =~ m{/[^/]+/\.\./}) {
	    $location=~ s{/[^/]+/\.\./}{/}g;
	} else {
	    $location=~ s{/\.\./}{/}g;
	}
    } #remove dir/..
    while ($location=~m:/\./:) {$location=~ s:/\./:/:g;} #remove /./
    return $location;
}

sub hreflocation {
    my ($dir,$file)=@_;
    unless (($file=~m-^https?\://-i) || ($file=~m-^/-)) {
	$file=filelocation($dir,$file);
    } elsif ($file=~m-^/adm/-) {
	$file=~s-^/adm/wrapper/-/-;
	$file=~s-^/adm/coursedocs/showdoc/-/-;
    }
    if ($file=~m-^\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E-) {
	$file=~s-^\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E--;
    } elsif ($file=~m-^\Q$perlvar{'lonUsersDir'}\E-) {
	$file=~s{^/home/httpd/lonUsers/($match_domain)/./././($match_name)/userfiles/}
	        {/uploaded/$1/$2/}x;
    }
    if ($file=~ m{^/userfiles/}) {
	$file =~ s{^/userfiles/}{/uploaded/};
    }
    return $file;
}





sub current_machine_domains {
    return &machine_domains(&hostname($perlvar{'lonHostID'}));
}

sub machine_domains {
    my ($hostname) = @_;
    my @domains;
    my %hostname = &all_hostnames();
    while( my($id, $name) = each(%hostname)) {
#	&logthis("-$id-$name-$hostname-");
	if ($hostname eq $name) {
	    push(@domains,&host_domain($id));
	}
    }
    return @domains;
}

sub current_machine_ids {
    return &machine_ids(&hostname($perlvar{'lonHostID'}));
}

sub machine_ids {
    my ($hostname) = @_;
    $hostname ||= &hostname($perlvar{'lonHostID'});
    my @ids;
    my %name_to_host = &all_names();
    if (ref($name_to_host{$hostname}) eq 'ARRAY') {
	return @{ $name_to_host{$hostname} };
    }
    return;
}

sub additional_machine_domains {
    my @domains;
    if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/expected_domains.tab") {
        if (open(my $fh,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/expected_domains.tab")) {
            while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                chomp($line);           
                $line =~ s/\s//g;
                push(@domains,$line);
            }
            close($fh);
        }
    }
    return @domains;
}

sub default_login_domain {
    my $domain = $perlvar{'lonDefDomain'};
    my $testdomain=(split(/\./,$ENV{'HTTP_HOST'}))[0];
    foreach my $posdom (&current_machine_domains(),
                        &additional_machine_domains()) {
        if (lc($posdom) eq lc($testdomain)) {
            $domain=$posdom;
            last;
        }
    }
    return $domain;
}

sub shared_institution {
    my ($dom,$lonhost) = @_;
    if ($lonhost eq '') {
        $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    }
    my $same_intdom;
    my $hostintdom = &internet_dom($lonhost);
    if ($hostintdom ne '') {
        my %iphost = &get_iphost();
        my $primary_id = &domain($dom,'primary');
        my $primary_ip = &get_host_ip($primary_id);
        if (ref($iphost{$primary_ip}) eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $id (@{$iphost{$primary_ip}}) {
                my $intdom = &internet_dom($id);
                if ($intdom eq $hostintdom) {
                    $same_intdom = 1;
                    last;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return $same_intdom;
}

sub uses_sts {
    my ($ignore_cache) = @_;
    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my $hostname = &hostname($lonhost);
    my $sts_on;
    if ($protocol{$lonhost} eq 'https') {
        my $cachetime = 12*3600;
        if (!$ignore_cache) {
            ($sts_on,my $cached)=&is_cached_new('stspolicy',$lonhost);
            if (defined($cached)) {
                return $sts_on;
            }
        }
        my $url = $protocol{$lonhost}.'://'.$hostname.'/index.html';
        my $request=new HTTP::Request('HEAD',$url);
        my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar,'','','',1);
        if ($response->is_success) {
            my $has_sts = $response->header('Strict-Transport-Security');
            if ($has_sts eq '') {
                $sts_on = 0;
            } else {
                if ($has_sts =~ /\Qmax-age=\E(\d+)/) {
                    my $maxage = $1;
                    if ($maxage) {
                        $sts_on = 1;
                    } else {
                        $sts_on = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    $sts_on = 0;
                }
            }
            return &do_cache_new('stspolicy',$lonhost,$sts_on,$cachetime);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub waf_allssl {
    my ($host_name) = @_;
    my $alias = &get_proxy_alias();
    if ($host_name eq '') {
        $host_name = $ENV{'SERVER_NAME'};
    }
    if (($host_name ne '') && ($alias eq $host_name)) {
        my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($perlvar{'lonHostID'});
        my %defdomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($serverhomedom);
        if ($defdomdefaults{'waf_sslopt'}) {
            return $defdomdefaults{'waf_sslopt'};
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub get_requestor_ip {
    my ($r,$nolookup,$noproxy) = @_;
    my $from_ip;
    if (ref($r)) {
        if ($r->can('useragent_ip')) {
            if ($noproxy && $r->can('client_ip')) {
                $from_ip = $r->client_ip();
            } else {
                $from_ip = $r->useragent_ip();
            }
        } elsif ($r->connection->can('remote_ip')) {
            $from_ip = $r->connection->remote_ip();
        } else {
            $from_ip = $r->get_remote_host($nolookup);
        }
    } else {
        $from_ip = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
    }
    return $from_ip if ($noproxy); 
    # Who controls proxy settings for server
    my $dom_in_use = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDefDomain'};
    my $proxyinfo = &get_proxy_settings($dom_in_use);
    if ((ref($proxyinfo) eq 'HASH') && ($from_ip)) {
        if ($proxyinfo->{'vpnint'}) {
            if (&ip_match($from_ip,$proxyinfo->{'vpnint'})) {
                return $from_ip;
            }
        }
        if ($proxyinfo->{'trusted'}) {
            if (&ip_match($from_ip,$proxyinfo->{'trusted'})) {
                my $ipheader = $proxyinfo->{'ipheader'};
                my ($ip,$xfor);
                if (ref($r)) {
                    if ($ipheader) {
                        $ip = $r->headers_in->{$ipheader};
                    }
                    $xfor = $r->headers_in->{'X-Forwarded-For'};
                } else {
                    if ($ipheader) {
                        $ip = $ENV{'HTTP_'.uc($ipheader)};
                    }
                    $xfor = $ENV{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'};
                }
                if (($ip eq '') && ($xfor ne '')) {
                    foreach my $poss_ip (reverse(split(/\s*,\s*/,$xfor))) {
                        unless (&ip_match($poss_ip,$proxyinfo->{'trusted'})) {
                            $ip = $poss_ip;
                            last;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($ip ne '') {
                    return $ip;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return $from_ip;
}

sub get_proxy_settings {
    my ($dom_in_use) = @_;
    my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($dom_in_use);
    my $proxyinfo = {
                       ipheader => $domdefaults{'waf_ipheader'},
                       trusted  => $domdefaults{'waf_trusted'},
                       vpnint   => $domdefaults{'waf_vpnint'},
                       vpnext   => $domdefaults{'waf_vpnext'},
                       sslopt   => $domdefaults{'waf_sslopt'},
                    };
    return $proxyinfo;
}

sub ip_match {
    my ($ip,$pattern_str) = @_;
    $ip=Net::CIDR::cidrvalidate($ip);
    if ($ip) {
        return Net::CIDR::cidrlookup($ip,split(/\s*,\s*/,$pattern_str));
    }
    return;
}

sub get_proxy_alias {
    my ($lonid) = @_;
    if ($lonid eq '') {
        $lonid = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    }
    if (!defined(&hostname($lonid))) {
        return;
    }
    if ($lonid ne '') {
        my ($alias,$cached) = &is_cached_new('proxyalias',$lonid);
        if ($cached) {
            return $alias;
        }
        my $dom = &host_domain($lonid);
        if ($dom ne '') {
            my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
            my %domconfig =
                &get_dom('configuration',['wafproxy'],$dom);
            if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'alias'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    $alias = $domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'alias'}{$lonid};
                }
            }
            return &do_cache_new('proxyalias',$lonid,$alias,$cachetime);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub use_proxy_alias {
    my ($r,$lonid) = @_;
    my $alias = &get_proxy_alias($lonid);
    if ($alias) {
        my $dom = &host_domain($lonid);
        if ($dom ne '') {
            my $proxyinfo = &get_proxy_settings($dom);
            my ($vpnint,$remote_ip);
            if (ref($proxyinfo) eq 'HASH') {
                $vpnint = $proxyinfo->{'vpnint'};
                if ($vpnint) {
                    $remote_ip = &get_requestor_ip($r,1,1);
                }
            }
            unless ($vpnint && &ip_match($remote_ip,$vpnint)) {
                return $alias;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub alias_sso {
    my ($lonid) = @_;
    if ($lonid eq '') {
        $lonid = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    }
    if (!defined(&hostname($lonid))) {
        return;
    }
    if ($lonid ne '') {
        my ($use_alias,$cached) = &is_cached_new('proxysaml',$lonid);
        if ($cached) {
            return $use_alias;
        }
        my $dom = &host_domain($lonid);
        if ($dom ne '') {
            my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
            my %domconfig =
                &get_dom('configuration',['wafproxy'],$dom);
            if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'saml'}) eq 'HASH') {
                    $use_alias = $domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'saml'}{$lonid};
                }
            }
            return &do_cache_new('proxysaml',$lonid,$use_alias,$cachetime);
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub get_saml_landing {
    my ($lonid) = @_;
    if ($lonid eq '') {
        my $defdom = &default_login_domain();
        my @hosts = &current_machine_ids();
        if (@hosts > 1) {
            foreach my $hostid (@hosts) {
                if (&host_domain($hostid) eq $defdom) {
                    $lonid = $hostid;
                    last;
                }
            }
        } else {
            $lonid = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
        }
        if ($lonid) {
            unless (&host_domain($lonid) eq $defdom) {
                return;
            }
        } else {
            return;
        }
    } elsif (!defined(&hostname($lonid))) {
        return;
    }
    my ($landing,$cached) = &is_cached_new('samllanding',$lonid);
    if ($cached) {
        return $landing;
    }
    my $dom = &host_domain($lonid);
    if ($dom ne '') {
        my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
        my %domconfig =
            &get_dom('configuration',['login'],$dom);
        if (ref($domconfig{'login'}) eq 'HASH') {
            if (ref($domconfig{'login'}{'saml'}) eq 'HASH') {
                if (ref($domconfig{'login'}{'saml'}{$lonid}) eq 'HASH') {
                    $landing = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return &do_cache_new('samllanding',$lonid,$landing,$cachetime);
    }
    return;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------- Declutters URLs

sub declutter {
    my $thisfn=shift;
    if ($thisfn=~m|^/enc/|) { $thisfn=&Apache::lonenc::unencrypted($thisfn); }
    unless ($thisfn=~m{^/home/httpd/html/priv/}) {
        $thisfn=~s{^/home/httpd/html}{};
    }
    $thisfn=~s/^\///;
    $thisfn=~s|^adm/wrapper/||;
    $thisfn=~s|^adm/coursedocs/showdoc/||;
    $thisfn=~s/^res\///;
    $thisfn=~s/^priv\///;
    unless (($thisfn =~ /^ext/) || ($thisfn =~ /\.(page|sequence)___\d+___ext/)) {
        $thisfn=~s/\?.+$//;
    }
    return $thisfn;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------- Clutter up URLs

sub clutter {
    my $thisfn='/'.&declutter(shift);
    if ($thisfn !~ m{^/(uploaded|editupload|adm|userfiles|ext|raw|priv|public)/}
	|| $thisfn =~ m{^/adm/(includes|pages)} ) { 
       $thisfn='/res'.$thisfn; 
    }
    if ($thisfn !~m|^/adm|) {
	if ($thisfn =~ m|^/ext/|) {
	    $thisfn='/adm/wrapper'.$thisfn;
	} else {
	    my ($ext) = ($thisfn =~ /\.(\w+)$/);
	    my $embstyle=&Apache::loncommon::fileembstyle($ext);
	    if ($embstyle eq 'ssi'
		|| ($embstyle eq 'hdn')
		|| ($embstyle eq 'rat')
		|| ($embstyle eq 'prv')
		|| ($embstyle eq 'ign')) {
		#do nothing with these
	    } elsif (($embstyle eq 'img') 
		|| ($embstyle eq 'emb')
		|| ($embstyle eq 'wrp')) {
		$thisfn='/adm/wrapper'.$thisfn;
	    } elsif ($embstyle eq 'unk'
		     && $thisfn!~/\.(sequence|page)$/) {
		$thisfn='/adm/coursedocs/showdoc'.$thisfn;
	    } else {
#		&logthis("Got a blank emb style");
	    }
	}
    } elsif ($thisfn =~ m{^/adm/$match_domain/$match_courseid/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
        $thisfn='/adm/wrapper'.$thisfn;
    }
    return $thisfn;
}

sub clutter_with_no_wrapper {
    my $uri = &clutter(shift);
    if ($uri =~ m-^/adm/-) {
	$uri =~ s-^/adm/wrapper/-/-;
	$uri =~ s-^/adm/coursedocs/showdoc/-/-;
    }
    return $uri;
}

sub freeze_escape {
    my ($value)=@_;
    if (ref($value)) {
	$value=&nfreeze($value);
	return '__FROZEN__'.&escape($value);
    }
    return &escape($value);
}


sub thaw_unescape {
    my ($value)=@_;
    if ($value =~ /^__FROZEN__/) {
	substr($value,0,10,undef);
	$value=&unescape($value);
	return &thaw($value);
    }
    return &unescape($value);
}

sub correct_line_ends {
    my ($result)=@_;
    $$result =~s/\r\n/\n/mg;
    $$result =~s/\r/\n/mg;
}
# ================================================================ Main Program

sub goodbye {
   &logthis("Starting Shut down");
#not converted to using infrastruture and probably shouldn't be
   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%badServerCache',length(&nfreeze(\%badServerCache))));
#converted
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%metacache',scalar(%metacache)));
   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%homecache',length(&nfreeze(\%homecache))));
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%titlecache',length(&nfreeze(\%titlecache))));
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%courseresdatacache',length(&nfreeze(\%courseresdatacache))));
#1.1 only
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%userresdatacache',length(&nfreeze(\%userresdatacache))));
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%getsectioncache',length(&nfreeze(\%getsectioncache))));
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%courseresversioncache',length(&nfreeze(\%courseresversioncache))));
#   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%resversioncache',length(&nfreeze(\%resversioncache))));
   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'%remembered',length(&nfreeze(\%remembered))));
   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'kicks',$kicks));
   &logthis(sprintf("%-20s is %s",'hits',$hits));
   &flushcourselogs();
   &logthis("Shutting down");
}

sub get_dns {
    my ($url,$func,$ignore_cache,$nocache,$hashref) = @_;
    if (!$ignore_cache) {
	my ($content,$cached)=
	    &is_cached_new('dns',$url);
	if ($cached) {
	    &$func($content,$hashref);
	    return;
	}
    }

    my %alldns;
    if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab")) {
        foreach my $dns (<$config>) {
	    next if ($dns !~ /^\^(\S*)/x);
            my $line = $1;
            my ($host,$protocol) = split(/:/,$line);
            if ($protocol ne 'https') {
                $protocol = 'http';
            }
	    $alldns{$host} = $protocol;
        }
        close($config);
    }
    while (%alldns) {
	my ($dns) = sort { $b cmp $a } keys(%alldns);
        my ($contents,@content);
        if ($dns eq Sys::Hostname::FQDN::fqdn()) {
            my $command = (split('/',$url))[3];
            my ($dir,$file) = &parse_getdns_url($command,$url);
            delete($alldns{$dns});
            next if (($dir eq '') || ($file eq ''));
            if (open(my $config,'<',"$dir/$file")) {
                @content = <$config>;
                close($config);
            }
            if ($url eq '/adm/dns/loncapaCRL') {
                $contents = join('',@content);
            }
        } else {
	    my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$alldns{$dns}://$dns$url");
            my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar,30,0);
            delete($alldns{$dns});
	    next if ($response->is_error());
            if ($url eq '/adm/dns/loncapaCRL') {
                $contents = $response->content;
            } else {
                @content = split("\n",$response->content);
            }
        }
        if ($url eq '/adm/dns/loncapaCRL') {
            return &$func($contents);
        } else {
	    unless ($nocache) {
	        &do_cache_new('dns',$url,\@content,30*24*60*60);
	    }
	    &$func(\@content,$hashref);
            return;
        }
    }
    my $which = (split('/',$url,4))[3];
    if ($which eq 'loncapaCRL') {
        my $diskfile = "$perlvar{'lonCertificateDirectory'}/$perlvar{'lonnetCertRevocationList'}";
        if (-e $diskfile) {
            &logthis("unable to contact DNS, on disk file $diskfile not updated");
        } else {
            &logthis("unable to contact DNS, no on disk file $diskfile available");
        }
    } else {
        &logthis("unable to contact DNS defaulting to on disk file dns_$which.tab\n");
        if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/dns_$which.tab")) {
            my @content = <$config>;
            close($config);
            &$func(\@content,$hashref);
        }
    }
    return;
}

# ------------------------------------------------------Get DNS checksums file
sub parse_dns_checksums_tab {
    my ($lines,$hashref) = @_;
    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
    my $machine_dom = &host_domain($lonhost);
    my $loncaparev = &get_server_loncaparev($machine_dom);
    my $distro = (split(/\:/,&get_server_distarch($lonhost)))[0];
    my $webconfdir = '/etc/httpd/conf';
    if ($distro =~ /^(ubuntu|debian)(\d+)$/) {
        $webconfdir = '/etc/apache2';
    } elsif ($distro =~ /^sles(\d+)$/) {
        if ($1 >= 10) {
            $webconfdir = '/etc/apache2';
        }
    } elsif ($distro =~ /^suse(\d+\.\d+)$/) {
        if ($1 >= 10.0) {
            $webconfdir = '/etc/apache2';
        }
    }
    my ($release,$timestamp) = split(/\-/,$loncaparev);
    my (%chksum,%revnum);
    if (ref($lines) eq 'ARRAY') {
        chomp(@{$lines});
        my $version = shift(@{$lines});
        if ($version eq $release) {  
            foreach my $line (@{$lines}) {
                my ($file,$version,$shasum) = split(/,/,$line);
                if ($file =~ m{^/etc/httpd/conf}) {
                    if ($webconfdir eq '/etc/apache2') {
                        $file =~ s{^\Q/etc/httpd/conf/\E}{$webconfdir/};
                    }
                }
                $chksum{$file} = $shasum;
                $revnum{$file} = $version;
            }
            if (ref($hashref) eq 'HASH') {
                %{$hashref} = (
                                sums     => \%chksum,
                                versions => \%revnum,
                              );
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub fetch_dns_checksums {
    my %checksums;
    my $machine_dom = &host_domain($perlvar{'lonHostID'});
    my $loncaparev = &get_server_loncaparev($machine_dom,$perlvar{'lonHostID'});
    my ($release,$timestamp) = split(/\-/,$loncaparev);
    &get_dns("/adm/dns/checksums/$release",\&parse_dns_checksums_tab,1,1,
             \%checksums);
    return \%checksums;
}

sub fetch_crl_pemfile {
    return &get_dns("/adm/dns/loncapaCRL",\&save_crl_pem,1,1);
}

sub save_crl_pem {
    my ($content) = @_;
    my ($msg,$hadchanges);
    if ($content ne '') {
        my $now = time;
        my $lonca = $perlvar{'lonCertificateDirectory'}.'/'.$perlvar{'lonnetCertificateAuthority'};
        my $tmpcrl = $tmpdir.'/'.$perlvar{'lonnetCertRevocationList'}.'_'.$now.'.'.$$.'.tmp';
        if (open(my $fh,'>',"$tmpcrl")) {
            print $fh $content;
            close($fh);
            if (-e $lonca) {
                if (open(PIPE,"openssl crl -in $tmpcrl -inform pem -CAfile $lonca -noout 2>&1 |")) {
                    my $check = <PIPE>;
                    close(PIPE);
                    chomp($check);
                    if ($check eq 'verify OK') {
                        my $dest = "$perlvar{'lonCertificateDirectory'}/$perlvar{'lonnetCertRevocationList'}";
                        my $backup;
                        if (-e $dest) {
                            if (&File::Copy::move($dest,"$dest.bak")) {
                                $backup = 'ok';
                            }
                        }
                        if (&File::Copy::move($tmpcrl,$dest)) {
                            $msg = 'ok';
                            if ($backup) {
                                my (%oldnums,%newnums);
                                if (open(PIPE, "openssl crl -inform PEM -text -noout -in $dest.bak |grep 'Serial Number' |")) {
                                    while (<PIPE>) {
                                        $oldnums{(split(/:/))[1]} = 1;
                                    }
                                    close(PIPE);
                                }
                                if (open(PIPE, "openssl crl -inform PEM -text -noout -in $dest |grep 'Serial Number' |")) {
                                    while(<PIPE>) {
                                        $newnums{(split(/:/))[1]} = 1;
                                    }
                                    close(PIPE);
                                }
                                foreach my $key (sort {$b <=> $a } (keys(%newnums))) {
                                    unless (exists($oldnums{$key})) {
                                        $hadchanges = 1;
                                        last;
                                    }
                                }
                                unless ($hadchanges) {
                                    foreach my $key (sort {$b <=> $a } (keys(%oldnums))) {
                                        unless (exists($newnums{$key})) {
                                            $hadchanges = 1;
                                            last;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        unlink($tmpcrl);
                    }
                } else {
                    unlink($tmpcrl);
                }
            } else {
                unlink($tmpcrl);
            }
        }
    }
    return ($msg,$hadchanges);
}

sub parse_getdns_url {
    my ($command,$url) = @_;
    my $dir = $perlvar{'lonTabDir'};
    my $file;
    if ($command eq 'hosts') {
        $file = 'dns_hosts.tab';
    } elsif ($command eq 'domain') {
        $file = 'dns_domain.tab';
    } elsif ($command eq 'checksums') {
        my $version = (split('/',$url))[4];
        $file = "dns_checksums/$version.tab",
    } elsif ($command eq 'loncapaCRL') {
        $dir = $perlvar{'lonCertificateDirectory'};
        $file = $perlvar{'lonnetCertRevocationList'};
    }
    return ($dir,$file);
}

# ------------------------------------------------------------ Read domain file
{
    my $loaded;
    my %domain;

    sub parse_domain_tab {
	my ($lines) = @_;
	foreach my $line (@$lines) {
	    next if ($line =~ /^(\#|\s*$ )/x);

	    chomp($line);
	    my ($name,@elements) = split(/:/,$line,9);
	    my %this_domain;
	    foreach my $field ('description', 'auth_def', 'auth_arg_def',
			       'lang_def', 'city', 'longi', 'lati',
			       'primary') {
		$this_domain{$field} = shift(@elements);
	    }
	    $domain{$name} = \%this_domain;
	}
    }

    sub reset_domain_info {
	undef($loaded);
	undef(%domain);
    }

    sub load_domain_tab {
	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
	&get_dns('/adm/dns/domain',\&parse_domain_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
	my $fh;
	if (open($fh,"<",$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/domain.tab')) {
	    my @lines = <$fh>;
	    &parse_domain_tab(\@lines);
	}
	close($fh);
	$loaded = 1;
    }

    sub domain {
	&load_domain_tab() if (!$loaded);

	my ($name,$what) = @_;
	return if ( !exists($domain{$name}) );

	if (!$what) {
	    return $domain{$name}{'description'};
	}
	return $domain{$name}{$what};
    }

    sub domain_info {
        &load_domain_tab() if (!$loaded);
        return %domain;
    }

}


# ------------------------------------------------------------- Read hosts file
{
    my %hostname;
    my %hostdom;
    my %libserv;
    my $loaded;
    my %name_to_host;
    my %internetdom;
    my %LC_dns_serv;

    sub parse_hosts_tab {
	my ($file) = @_;
	foreach my $configline (@$file) {
	    next if ($configline =~ /^(\#|\s*$ )/x);
            chomp($configline);
	    if ($configline =~ /^\^/) {
                if ($configline =~ /^\^([\w.\-]+)/) {
                    $LC_dns_serv{$1} = 1;
                }
                next;
            }
	    my ($id,$domain,$role,$name,$protocol,$intdom)=split(/:/,$configline);
	    $name=~s/\s//g;
	    if ($id && $domain && $role && $name) {
                if ((exists($hostname{$id})) && ($hostname{$id} ne '')) {
                    my $curr = $hostname{$id};
                    my $skip;
                    if (ref($name_to_host{$curr}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                        if (($curr eq $name) && (@{$name_to_host{$curr}} == 1)) {
                            $skip = 1;
                        } else {
                            @{$name_to_host{$curr}} = grep { $_ ne $id } @{$name_to_host{$curr}};
                        }
                    }
                    unless ($skip) {
                        push(@{$name_to_host{$name}},$id);
                    }
                } else {
                    push(@{$name_to_host{$name}},$id);
                }
		$hostname{$id}=$name;
		$hostdom{$id}=$domain;
		if ($role eq 'library') { $libserv{$id}=$name; }
                if (defined($protocol)) {
                    if ($protocol eq 'https') {
                        $protocol{$id} = $protocol;
                    } else {
                        $protocol{$id} = 'http'; 
                    }
                } else {
                    $protocol{$id} = 'http';
                }
                if (defined($intdom)) {
                    $internetdom{$id} = $intdom;
                }
	    }
	}
    }
    
    sub reset_hosts_info {
	&purge_remembered();
	&reset_domain_info();
	&reset_hosts_ip_info();
        undef(%internetdom);
	undef(%name_to_host);
	undef(%hostname);
	undef(%hostdom);
	undef(%libserv);
	undef($loaded);
    }

    sub load_hosts_tab {
	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
	&get_dns('/adm/dns/hosts',\&parse_hosts_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
	open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
	my @config = <$config>;
	&parse_hosts_tab(\@config);
	close($config);
	$loaded=1;
    }

    sub hostname {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	my ($lonid) = @_;
	return $hostname{$lonid};
    }

    sub all_hostnames {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	return %hostname;
    }

    sub all_names {
        my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
	&load_hosts_tab($ignore_cache,$nocache) if (!$loaded);

	return %name_to_host;
    }

    sub all_host_domain {
        &load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);
        return %hostdom;
    }

    sub all_host_intdom {
        &load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);
        return %internetdom;
    }

    sub is_library {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	return exists($libserv{$_[0]});
    }

    sub all_library {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	return %libserv;
    }

    sub unique_library {
	#2x reverse removes all hostnames that appear more than once
        my %unique = reverse &all_library();
        return reverse %unique;
    }

    sub get_servers {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	my ($domain,$type) = @_;
	my %possible_hosts = ($type eq 'library') ? %libserv
	                                          : %hostname;
	my %result;
	if (ref($domain) eq 'ARRAY') {
	    while ( my ($host,$hostname) = each(%possible_hosts)) {
		if (grep(/^\Q$hostdom{$host}\E$/,@$domain)) {
		    $result{$host} = $hostname;
		}
	    }
	} else {
	    while ( my ($host,$hostname) = each(%possible_hosts)) {
		if ($hostdom{$host} eq $domain) {
		    $result{$host} = $hostname;
		}
	    }
	}
	return %result;
    }

    sub get_unique_servers {
        my %unique = reverse &get_servers(@_);
	return reverse %unique;
    }

    sub host_domain {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	my ($lonid) = @_;
	return $hostdom{$lonid};
    }

    sub all_domains {
	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

	my %seen;
	my @uniq = grep(!$seen{$_}++, values(%hostdom));
	return @uniq;
    }

    sub internet_dom {
        &load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

        my ($lonid) = @_;
        return $internetdom{$lonid};
    }

    sub is_LC_dns {
        &load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);

        my ($hostname) = @_;
        return exists($LC_dns_serv{$hostname});
    }

}

{ 
    my %iphost;
    my %name_to_ip;
    my %lonid_to_ip;

    sub get_hosts_from_ip {
	my ($ip) = @_;
	my %iphosts = &get_iphost();
	if (ref($iphosts{$ip})) {
	    return @{$iphosts{$ip}};
	}
	return;
    }
    
    sub reset_hosts_ip_info {
	undef(%iphost);
	undef(%name_to_ip);
	undef(%lonid_to_ip);
    }

    sub get_host_ip {
	my ($lonid) = @_;
	if (exists($lonid_to_ip{$lonid})) {
	    return $lonid_to_ip{$lonid};
	}
	my $name=&hostname($lonid);
   	my $ip = gethostbyname($name);
	return if (!$ip || length($ip) ne 4);
	$ip=inet_ntoa($ip);
	$name_to_ip{$name}   = $ip;
	$lonid_to_ip{$lonid} = $ip;
	return $ip;
    }
    
    sub get_iphost {
	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;

	if (!$ignore_cache) {
	    if (%iphost) {
		return %iphost;
	    }
	    my ($ip_info,$cached)=
		&is_cached_new('iphost','iphost');
	    if ($cached) {
		%iphost      = %{$ip_info->[0]};
		%name_to_ip  = %{$ip_info->[1]};
		%lonid_to_ip = %{$ip_info->[2]};
		return %iphost;
	    }
	}

	# get yesterday's info for fallback
	my %old_name_to_ip;
	my ($ip_info,$cached)=
	    &is_cached_new('iphost','iphost');
	if ($cached) {
	    %old_name_to_ip = %{$ip_info->[1]};
	}

	my %name_to_host = &all_names($ignore_cache,$nocache);
	foreach my $name (keys(%name_to_host)) {
	    my $ip;
	    if (!exists($name_to_ip{$name})) {
		$ip = gethostbyname($name);
		if (!$ip || length($ip) ne 4) {
		    if (defined($old_name_to_ip{$name})) {
			$ip = $old_name_to_ip{$name};
			&logthis("Can't find $name defaulting to old $ip");
		    } else {
			&logthis("Name $name no IP found");
			next;
		    }
		} else {
		    $ip=inet_ntoa($ip);
		}
		$name_to_ip{$name} = $ip;
	    } else {
		$ip = $name_to_ip{$name};
	    }
	    foreach my $id (@{ $name_to_host{$name} }) {
		$lonid_to_ip{$id} = $ip;
	    }
	    push(@{$iphost{$ip}},@{$name_to_host{$name}});
	}
        unless ($nocache) {
	    &do_cache_new('iphost','iphost',
		          [\%iphost,\%name_to_ip,\%lonid_to_ip],
		          48*60*60);
        }

	return %iphost;
    }

    #
    #  Given a DNS returns the loncapa host name for that DNS 
    # 
    sub host_from_dns {
        my ($dns) = @_;
        my @hosts;
        my $ip;

        if (exists($name_to_ip{$dns})) {
            $ip = $name_to_ip{$dns};
        }
        if (!$ip) {
            $ip = gethostbyname($dns); # Initial translation to IP is in net order.
            if (length($ip) == 4) { 
	        $ip   = &IO::Socket::inet_ntoa($ip);
            }
        }
        if ($ip) {
	    @hosts = get_hosts_from_ip($ip);
	    return $hosts[0];
        }
        return undef;
    }

    sub get_internet_names {
        my ($lonid) = @_;
        return if ($lonid eq '');
        my ($idnref,$cached)=
            &is_cached_new('internetnames',$lonid);
        if ($cached) {
            return $idnref;
        }
        my $ip = &get_host_ip($lonid);
        my @hosts = &get_hosts_from_ip($ip);
        my %iphost = &get_iphost();
        my (@idns,%seen);
        foreach my $id (@hosts) {
            my $dom = &host_domain($id);
            my $prim_id = &domain($dom,'primary');
            my $prim_ip = &get_host_ip($prim_id);
            next if ($seen{$prim_ip});
            if (ref($iphost{$prim_ip}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                foreach my $id (@{$iphost{$prim_ip}}) {
                    my $intdom = &internet_dom($id);
                    unless (grep(/^\Q$intdom\E$/,@idns)) {
                        push(@idns,$intdom);
                    }
                }
            }
            $seen{$prim_ip} = 1;
        }
        return &do_cache_new('internetnames',$lonid,\@idns,12*60*60);
    }

}

sub all_loncaparevs {
    return qw(1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read loncaparev table
{
    sub load_loncaparevs { 
        if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/loncaparevs.tab") {
            if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/loncaparevs.tab")) {
                while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                    chomp($configline);
                    my ($hostid,$loncaparev)=split(/:/,$configline);
                    $loncaparevs{$hostid}=$loncaparev;
                }
                close($config);
            }
        }
    }
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read serverhostID table
{
    sub load_serverhomeIDs {
        if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/serverhomeIDs.tab") {
            if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/serverhomeIDs.tab")) {
                while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                    chomp($configline);
                    my ($name,$id)=split(/:/,$configline);
                    $serverhomeIDs{$name}=$id;
                }
                close($config);
            }
        }
    }
}


BEGIN {

# ----------------------------------- Read loncapa.conf and loncapa_apache.conf
    unless ($readit) {
{
    my $configvars = LONCAPA::Configuration::read_conf('loncapa.conf');
    %perlvar = (%perlvar,%{$configvars});
}


# ------------------------------------------------------ Read spare server file
{
    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/spare.tab");

    while (my $configline=<$config>) {
       chomp($configline);
       if ($configline) {
	   my ($host,$type) = split(':',$configline,2);
	   if (!defined($type) || $type eq '') { $type = 'default' };
	   push(@{ $spareid{$type} }, $host);
       }
    }
    close($config);
}
# ------------------------------------------------------------ Read permissions
{
    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/roles.tab");

    while (my $configline=<$config>) {
	chomp($configline);
	if ($configline) {
	    my ($role,$perm)=split(/ /,$configline);
	    if ($perm ne '') { $pr{$role}=$perm; }
	}
    }
    close($config);
}

# -------------------------------------------- Read plain texts for permissions
{
    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/rolesplain.tab");

    while (my $configline=<$config>) {
	chomp($configline);
	if ($configline) {
	    my ($short,@plain)=split(/:/,$configline);
            %{$prp{$short}} = ();
	    if (@plain > 0) {
                $prp{$short}{'std'} = $plain[0];
                for (my $i=1; $i<@plain; $i++) {
                    $prp{$short}{'alt'.$i} = $plain[$i];  
                }
            }
	}
    }
    close($config);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read package table
{
    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/packages.tab");

    while (my $configline=<$config>) {
	if ($configline !~ /\S/ || $configline=~/^#/) { next; }
	chomp($configline);
	my ($short,$plain)=split(/:/,$configline);
	my ($pack,$name)=split(/\&/,$short);
	if ($plain ne '') {
	    $packagetab{$pack.'&'.$name.'&name'}=$name; 
	    $packagetab{$short}=$plain; 
	}
    }
    close($config);
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read loncaparev table

&load_loncaparevs();

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read serverhostID table

&load_serverhomeIDs();

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read releaseslist XML
{
    my $file = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/releaseslist.xml';
    if (-e $file) {
        my $parser = HTML::LCParser->new($file);
        while (my $token = $parser->get_token()) {
            if ($token->[0] eq 'S') {
                my $item = $token->[1];
                my $name = $token->[2]{'name'};
                my $value = $token->[2]{'value'};
                my $valuematch = $token->[2]{'valuematch'};
                my $namematch = $token->[2]{'namematch'};
                if ($item eq 'parameter') {
                    if (($namematch ne '') || (($name ne '') && ($value ne '' || $valuematch ne ''))) {
                        my $release = $parser->get_text();
                        $release =~ s/(^\s*|\s*$ )//gx;
                        $needsrelease{$item.':'.$name.':'.$value.':'.$valuematch.':'.$namematch} = $release;
                    }
                } elsif ($item ne '' && $name ne '') {
                    my $release = $parser->get_text();
                    $release =~ s/(^\s*|\s*$ )//gx;
                    $needsrelease{$item.':'.$name.':'.$value} = $release;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------- Read managers table
{
    if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/managers.tab") {
        if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/managers.tab")) {
            while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                chomp($configline);
                next if ($configline =~ /^\#/);
                if (($configline =~ /^[\w\-]+$/) || ($configline =~ /^[\w\-]+\:[\w\-]+$/)) {
                    $managerstab{$configline} = 1;
                }
            }
            close($config);
        }
    }
}

# ------------- set up temporary directory
{
    $tmpdir = LONCAPA::tempdir();

}

# ------------- set default texengine (domain default overrides this)
{
    $deftex = LONCAPA::texengine();
}

# ------------- set default minimum length for passwords for internal auth users
{
    $passwdmin = LONCAPA::passwd_min();
}

$memcache=new Cache::Memcached({'servers'           => ['127.0.0.1:11211'],
				'compress_threshold'=> 20_000,
 			        });

$processmarker='_'.time.'_'.$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
$dumpcount=0;
$locknum=0;

&logtouch();
&logthis('<font color="yellow">INFO: Read configuration</font>');
$readit=1;
    {
	use integer;
	my $test=(2**32)+1;
	if ($test != 0) { $_64bit=1; } else { $_64bit=0; }
	&logthis(" Detected 64bit platform ($_64bit)");
    }
}
}

1;
__END__

=pod

=head1 NAME

Apache::lonnet - Subroutines to ask questions about things in the network.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Invoked by other LON-CAPA modules, when they need to talk to or about objects in the network.

 &Apache::lonnet::SUBROUTINENAME(ARGUMENTS);

Common parameters:

=over 4

=item *

$uname : an internal username (if $cname expecting a course Id specifically)

=item *

$udom : a domain (if $cdom expecting a course's domain specifically)

=item *

$symb : a resource instance identifier

=item *

$namespace : the name of a .db file that contains the data needed or
being set.

=back

=head1 OVERVIEW

lonnet provides subroutines which interact with the
lonc/lond (TCP) network layer of LON-CAPA. They can be used to ask
about classes, users, and resources.

For many of these objects you can also use this to store data about
them or modify them in various ways.

=head2 Symbs

To identify a specific instance of a resource, LON-CAPA uses symbols
or "symbs"X<symb>. These identifiers are built from the URL of the
map, the resource number of the resource in the map, and the URL of
the resource itself. The latter is somewhat redundant, but might help
if maps change.

An example is

 msu/korte/parts/part1.sequence___19___msu/korte/tests/part12.problem

The respective map entry is

 <resource id="19" src="/res/msu/korte/tests/part12.problem"
  title="Problem 2">
 </resource>

Symbs are used by the random number generator, as well as to store and
restore data specific to a certain instance of for example a problem.

=head2 Storing And Retrieving Data

X<store()>X<cstore()>X<restore()>Three of the most important functions
in C<lonnet.pm> are C<&Apache::lonnet::cstore()>,
C<&Apache::lonnet:restore()>, and C<&Apache::lonnet::store()>, which
is is the non-critical message twin of cstore. These functions are for
handlers to store a perl hash to a user's permanent data space in an
easy manner, and to retrieve it again on another call. It is expected
that a handler would use this once at the beginning to retrieve data,
and then again once at the end to send only the new data back.

The data is stored in the user's data directory on the user's
homeserver under the ID of the course.

The hash that is returned by restore will have all of the previous
value for all of the elements of the hash.

Example:

 #creating a hash
 my %hash;
 $hash{'foo'}='bar';

 #storing it
 &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%hash);

 #changing a value
 $hash{'foo'}='notbar';

 #adding a new value
 $hash{'bar'}='foo';
 &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%hash);

 #retrieving the hash
 my %history=&Apache::lonnet::restore();

 #print the hash
 foreach my $key (sort(keys(%history))) {
   print("\%history{$key} = $history{$key}");
 }

Will print out:

 %history{1:foo} = bar
 %history{1:keys} = foo:timestamp
 %history{1:timestamp} = 990455579
 %history{2:bar} = foo
 %history{2:foo} = notbar
 %history{2:keys} = foo:bar:timestamp
 %history{2:timestamp} = 990455580
 %history{bar} = foo
 %history{foo} = notbar
 %history{timestamp} = 990455580
 %history{version} = 2

Note that the special hash entries C<keys>, C<version> and
C<timestamp> were added to the hash. C<version> will be equal to the
total number of versions of the data that have been stored. The
C<timestamp> attribute will be the UNIX time the hash was
stored. C<keys> is available in every historical section to list which
keys were added or changed at a specific historical revision of a
hash.

B<Warning>: do not store the hash that restore returns directly. This
will cause a mess since it will restore the historical keys as if the
were new keys. I.E. 1:foo will become 1:1:foo etc.

Calling convention:

 my %record=&Apache::lonnet::restore($symb,$courseid,$domain,$uname);
 &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%newrecord,$symb,$courseid,$domain,$uname,$laststore);

For more detailed information, see lonnet specific documentation.

=head1 RETURN MESSAGES

=over 4

=item * B<con_lost>: unable to contact remote host

=item * B<con_delayed>: unable to contact remote host, message will be delivered
when the connection is brought back up

=item * B<con_failed>: unable to contact remote host and unable to save message
for later delivery

=item * B<error:>: an error a occurred, a description of the error follows the :

=item * B<no_such_host>: unable to fund a host associated with the user/domain
that was requested

=back

=head1 PUBLIC SUBROUTINES

=head2 Session Environment Functions

=over 4

=item * 
X<appenv()>
B<appenv($hashref,$rolesarrayref)>: the value of %{$hashref} is written to
the user envirnoment file, and will be restored for each access this
user makes during this session, also modifies the %env for the current
process. Optional rolesarrayref - if defined contains a reference to an array
of roles which are exempt from the restriction on modifying user.role entries 
in the user's environment.db and in %env.    

=item *
X<delenv()>
B<delenv($delthis,$regexp)>: removes all items from the session
environment file that begin with $delthis. If the 
optional second arg - $regexp - is true, $delthis is treated as a 
regular expression, otherwise \Q$delthis\E is used. 
The values are also deleted from the current processes %env.

=item * get_env_multiple($name) 

gets $name from the %env hash, it seemlessly handles the cases where multiple
values may be defined and end up as an array ref.

returns an array of values

=back

=head2 User Information

=over 4

=item *
X<queryauthenticate()>
B<queryauthenticate($uname,$udom)>: try to determine user's current 
authentication scheme

=item *
X<authenticate()>
B<authenticate($uname,$upass,$udom,$checkdefauth,$clientcancheckhost)>: try to
authenticate user from domain's lib servers (first use the current
one). C<$upass> should be the users password.
$checkdefauth is optional (value is 1 if a check should be made to
   authenticate user using default authentication method, and allow
   account creation if username does not have account in the domain).
$clientcancheckhost is optional (value is 1 if checking whether the
   server can host will occur on the client side in lonauth.pm).   

=item *
X<homeserver()>
B<homeserver($uname,$udom)>: find the server which has
the user's directory and files (there must be only one), this caches
the answer, and also caches if there is a borken connection.

=item *
X<idget()>
B<idget($udom,$idsref,$namespace)>: find the usernames behind either 
a list of student/employee IDs or clicker IDs
(student/employee IDs are a unique resource in a domain, there must be 
only 1 ID per username, and only 1 username per ID in a specific domain).
clickerIDs are not necessarily unique, as students might share clickers.
(returns hash: id=>name,id=>name)

=item *
X<idrget()>
B<idrget($udom,@unames)>: find the IDs behind a list of
usernames (returns hash: name=>id,name=>id)

=item *
X<idput()>
B<idput($udom,$idsref,$uhome,$namespace)>: store away a list of 
names and associated student/employee IDs or clicker IDs.

=item *
X<iddel()>
B<iddel($udom,$idshashref,$uhome,$namespace)>: delete unwanted 
student/employee ID or clicker ID username look-ups from domain.
The homeserver ($uhome) and namespace ($namespace) are optional.
If no $uhome is provided, it will be determined usig &homeserver()
for each user.  If no $namespace is provided, the default is ids.

=item *
X<updateclickers()>
B<updateclickers($udom,$action,$idshashref,$uhome,$critical)>: update 
clicker ID-to-username look-ups in clickers.db on library server.
Permitted actions are add or del (i.e., add or delete). The 
clickers.db contains clickerID as keys (escaped), and each corresponding
value is an escaped comma-separated list of usernames (for whom the
library server is the homeserver), who registered that particular ID.
If $critical is true, the update will be sent via &critical, otherwise
&reply() will be used.

=item *
X<rolesinit()>
B<rolesinit($udom,$username)>: get user privileges.
returns user role, first access and timer interval hashes

=item *
X<privileged()>
B<privileged($username,$domain)>: returns a true if user has a
privileged and active role (i.e. su or dc), false otherwise.

=item *
X<getsection()>
B<getsection($udom,$uname,$cname)>: finds the section of student in the
course $cname, return section name/number or '' for "not in course"
and '-1' for "no section"

=item *
X<userenvironment()>
B<userenvironment($udom,$uname,@what)>: gets the values of the keys
passed in @what from the requested user's environment, returns a hash

=item * 
X<userlog_query()>
B<userlog_query($uname,$udom,%filters)>: retrieves data from a user's
activity.log file. %filters defines filters applied when parsing the
log file. These can be start or end timestamps, or the type of action
- log to look for Login or Logout events, check for Checkin or
Checkout, role for role selection. The response is in the form
timestamp1:hostid1:event1&timestamp2:hostid2:event2 where events are
escaped strings of the action recorded in the activity.log file.

=back

=head2 User Roles

=over 4

=item *

allowed($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck) : check for a user privilege; 
returns codes for allowed actions.

The first argument is required, all others are optional.

$priv is the privilege being checked.
$uri contains additional information about what is being checked for access (e.g.,
URL, course ID etc.). 
$symb is the unique resource instance identifier in a course; if needed,
but not provided, it will be retrieved via a call to &symbread(). 
$role is the role for which a priv is being checked (only used if priv is evb). 
$clientip is the user's IP address (only used when checking for access to portfolio 
files).
$noblockcheck, if true, skips calls to &has_comm_blocking() for the bre priv. This 
prevents recursive calls to &allowed.

 F: full access
 U,I,K: authentication modes (cxx only)
 '': forbidden
 1: user needs to choose course
 2: browse allowed
 A: passphrase authentication needed
 B: access temporarily blocked because of a blocking event in a course.
 D: access blocked because access is required via session initiated via deep-link 

=item *

constructaccess($url,$setpriv) : check for access to construction space URL

See if the owner domain and name in the URL match those in the
expected environment.  If so, return three element list
($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome).

Otherwise return the null string.

If second argument 'setpriv' is true, it assigns the privileges,
and returns the same three element list, unless the owner has
blocked "ad hoc" Domain Coordinator access to the Author Space,
in which case the null string is returned.

=item *

definerole($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole,$uname,$udom) : define role;
define a custom role rolename set privileges in format of lonTabs/roles.tab
for system, domain, and course level. $uname and $udom are optional (current
user's username and domain will be used when either of $uname or $udom are absent.

=item *

plaintext($short,$type,$cid,$forcedefault) : return value in %prp hash 
(rolesplain.tab); plain text explanation of a user role term.
$type is Course (default) or Community.
If $forcedefault evaluates to true, text returned will be default 
text for $type. Otherwise, if this is a course, the text returned 
will be a custom name for the role (if defined in the course's 
environment).  If no custom name is defined the default is returned.
   
=item *

get_my_roles($uname,$udom,$context,$types,$roles,$roledoms,$withsec,$hidepriv) :
All arguments are optional. Returns a hash of a roles, either for
co-author/assistant author roles for a user's Construction Space
(default), or if $context is 'userroles', roles for the user himself,
In the hash, keys are set to colon-separated $uname,$udom,$role, and
(optionally) if $withsec is true, a fourth colon-separated item - $section.
For each key, value is set to colon-separated start and end times for
the role.  If no username and domain are specified, will default to
current user/domain. Types, roles, and roledoms are references to arrays
of role statuses (active, future or previous), roles 
(e.g., cc,in, st etc.) and domains of the roles which can be used
to restrict the list of roles reported. If no array ref is 
provided for types, will default to return only active roles.

=item *

in_course($udom,$uname,$cdom,$cnum,$type,$hideprivileged) : determine if
user: $uname:$udom has a role in the course: $cdom_$cnum. 

Additional optional arguments are: $type (if role checking is to be restricted 
to certain user status types -- previous (expired roles), active (currently
available roles) or future (roles available in the future), and
$hideprivileged -- if true will not report course roles for users who
have active Domain Coordinator role in course's domain or in additional
domains (specified in 'Domains to check for privileged users' in course
environment -- set via:  Course Settings -> Classlists and staff listing).

=item *

privileged($username,$domain,$possdomains,$possroles) : returns 1 if user
$username:$domain is a privileged user (e.g., Domain Coordinator or Super User)
$possdomains and $possroles are optional array refs -- to domains to check and
roles to check.  If $possdomains is not specified, a dump will be done of the
users' roles.db to check for a dc or su role in any domain. This can be
time consuming if &privileged is called repeatedly (e.g., when displaying a
classlist), so in such cases, supplying a $possdomains array is preferred, as
this then allows &privileged_by_domain() to be used, which caches the identity
of privileged users, eliminating the need for repeated calls to &dump().

=item *

privileged_by_domain($possdomains,$roles) : returns a hash of a hash of a hash,
where the outer hash keys are domains specified in the $possdomains array ref,
next inner hash keys are privileged roles specified in the $roles array ref,
and the innermost hash contains key = value pairs for username:domain = end:start
for active or future "privileged" users with that role in that domain. To avoid
repeated dumps of domain roles -- via &get_domain_roles() -- contents of the
innerhash are cached using priv_$role and $dom as the identifiers.

=back

=head2 User Modification

=over 4

=item *

assignrole($udom,$uname,$url,$role,$end,$start,$deleteflag,$selfenroll,$context) : assign role; give a role to a
user for the level given by URL.  Optional start and end dates (leave empty
string or zero for "no date")

=item *

changepass($uname,$udom,$currentpass,$newpass,$server) : attempts to
change a users, password, possible return values are: ok,
pwchange_failure, non_authorized, auth_mode_error, unknown_user,
refused

=item *

modifyuserauth($udom,$uname,$umode,$upass) : modify user authentication

=item *

modifyuser($udom,$uname,$uid,$umode,$upass,$first,$middle,$last, $gene,
           $forceid,$desiredhome,$email,$inststatus,$candelete) :

will update user information (firstname,middlename,lastname,generation,
permanentemail), and if forceid is true, student/employee ID also.
A user's institutional affiliation(s) can also be updated.
User information fields will not be overwritten with empty entries 
unless the field is included in the $candelete array reference.
This array is included when a single user is modified via "Manage Users",
or when Autoupdate.pl is run by cron in a domain.

=item *

modifystudent

modify a student's enrollment and identification information.
The course id is resolved based on the current user's environment.  
This means the invoking user must be a course coordinator or otherwise
associated with a course.

This call is essentially a wrapper for lonnet::modifyuser and
lonnet::modify_student_enrollment

Inputs: 

=over 4

=item B<$udom> Student's loncapa domain

=item B<$uname> Student's loncapa login name

=item B<$uid> Student/Employee ID

=item B<$umode> Student's authentication mode

=item B<$upass> Student's password

=item B<$first> Student's first name

=item B<$middle> Student's middle name

=item B<$last> Student's last name

=item B<$gene> Student's generation

=item B<$usec> Student's section in course

=item B<$end> Unix time of the roles expiration

=item B<$start> Unix time of the roles start date

=item B<$forceid> If defined, allow $uid to be changed

=item B<$desiredhome> server to use as home server for student

=item B<$email> Student's permanent e-mail address

=item B<$type> Type of enrollment (auto or manual)

=item B<$locktype> boolean - enrollment type locked to prevent Autoenroll.pl changing manual to auto    

=item B<$cid> courseID - needed if a course role is assigned by a user whose current role is DC

=item B<$selfenroll> boolean - 1 if user role change occurred via self-enrollment

=item B<$context> role change context (shown in User Management Logs display in a course)

=item B<$inststatus> institutional status of user - : separated string of escaped status types

=item B<$credits> Number of credits student will earn from this class - only needs to be supplied if value needs to be different from default credits for class.

=back

=item *

modify_student_enrollment

Change a student's enrollment status in a class.  The environment variable
'role.request.course' must be defined for this function to proceed.

Inputs:

=over 4

=item $udom, student's domain

=item $uname, student's name

=item $uid, student's user id

=item $first, student's first name

=item $middle

=item $last

=item $gene

=item $usec

=item $end

=item $start

=item $type

=item $locktype

=item $cid

=item $selfenroll

=item $context

=item $credits, number of credits student will earn from this class

=item $instsec, institutional course section code for student

=back


=item *

assigncustomrole($udom,$uname,$url,$rdom,$rnam,$rolename,$end,$start) : assign
custom role; give a custom role to a user for the level given by URL.  Specify
name and domain of role author, and role name

=item *

revokerole($udom,$uname,$url,$role) : revoke a role for url

=item *

revokecustomrole($udom,$uname,$url,$role) : revoke a custom role

=back

=head2 Course Infomation

=over 4

=item *

coursedescription($courseid,$options) : returns a hash of information about the
specified course id, including all environment settings for the
course, the description of the course will be in the hash under the
key 'description'

$options is an optional parameter that if supplied is a hash reference that controls
what how this function works.  It has the following key/values:

=over 4

=item freshen_cache

If defined, and the environment cache for the course is valid, it is 
returned in the returned hash.

=item one_time

If defined, the last cache time is set to _now_

=item user

If defined, the supplied username is used instead of the current user.


=back

=item *

resdata($name,$domain,$type,@which) : request for current parameter
setting for a specific $type, where $type is either 'course' or 'user',
@what should be a list of parameters to ask about. This routine caches
answers for 10 minutes.

=item *

get_courseresdata($courseid, $domain) : dump the entire course resource
data base, returning a hash that is keyed by the resource name and has
values that are the resource value.  I believe that the timestamps and
versions are also returned.

=back

=head2 Course Modification

=over 4

=item *

writecoursepref($courseid,%prefs) : write preferences (environment
database) for a course

=item *

createcourse($udom,$description,$url,$course_server,$nonstandard,$inst_code,$course_owner,$crstype,$cnum) : make course

=item *

generate_coursenum($udom,$crstype) : get a unique (unused) course number in domain $udom for course type $crstype (Course or Community).

=item *

is_course($courseid), is_course($cdom, $cnum)

Accepts either a combined $courseid (in the form of domain_courseid) or the
two component version $cdom, $cnum. It checks if the specified course exists.

Returns:
    undef if the course doesn't exist, otherwise
    in scalar context the combined courseid.
    in list context the two components of the course identifier, domain and 
    courseid.    

=back

=head2 Bubblesheet Configuration

=over 4

=item *

get_scantron_config($which)

$which - the name of the configuration to parse from the file.

Parses and returns the bubblesheet configuration line selected as a
hash of configuration file fields.


Returns:
    If the named configuration is not in the file, an empty
    hash is returned.

    a hash with the fields
      name         - internal name for the this configuration setup
      description  - text to display to operator that describes this config
      CODElocation - if 0 or the string 'none'
                          - no CODE exists for this config
                     if -1 || the string 'letter'
                          - a CODE exists for this config and is
                            a string of letters
                     Unsupported value (but planned for future support)
                          if a positive integer
                               - The CODE exists as the first n items from
                                 the question section of the form
                          if the string 'number'
                               - The CODE exists for this config and is
                                 a string of numbers
      CODEstart   - (only matter if a CODE exists) column in the line where
                     the CODE starts
      CODElength  - length of the CODE
      IDstart     - column where the student/employee ID starts
      IDlength    - length of the student/employee ID info
      Qstart      - column where the information from the bubbled
                    'questions' start
      Qlength     - number of columns comprising a single bubble line from
                    the sheet. (usually either 1 or 10)
      Qon         - either a single character representing the character used
                    to signal a bubble was chosen in the positional setup, or
                    the string 'letter' if the letter of the chosen bubble is
                    in the final, or 'number' if a number representing the
                    chosen bubble is in the file (1->A 0->J)
      Qoff        - the character used to represent that a bubble was
                    left blank
      PaperID     - if the scanning process generates a unique number for each
                    sheet scanned the column that this ID number starts in
      PaperIDlength - number of columns that comprise the unique ID number
                      for the sheet of paper
      FirstName   - column that the first name starts in
      FirstNameLength - number of columns that the first name spans
      LastName    - column that the last name starts in
      LastNameLength - number of columns that the last name spans
      BubblesPerRow - number of bubbles available in each row used to
                      bubble an answer. (If not specified, 10 assumed).


=item *

get_scantronformat_file($cdom)

$cdom - the course's domain (optional); if not supplied, uses
domain for current $env{'request.course.id'}.

Returns an array containing lines from the scantron format file for
the domain of the course.

If a url for a custom.tab file is listed in domain's configuration.db,
lines are from this file.

Otherwise, if a default.tab has been published in RES space by the
domainconfig user, lines are from this file.

Otherwise, fall back to getting lines from the legacy file on the
local server:  /home/httpd/lonTabs/default_scantronformat.tab

=back

=head2 Resource Subroutines

=over 4

=item *

subscribe($fname) : subscribe to a resource, returns URL if possible (probably should use repcopy instead)

=item *

repcopy($filename) : subscribes to the requested file, and attempts to
replicate from the owning library server, Might return
'unavailable', 'not_found', 'forbidden', 'ok', or
'bad_request', also attempts to grab the metadata for the
resource. Expects the local filesystem pathname
(/home/httpd/html/res/....)

=back

=head2 Resource Information

=over 4

=item *

EXT($varname,$symb,$udom,$uname,$usection,$recurse,$cid) : evaluates 
and returns the value of a variety of different possible values,
$varname should be a request string, and the other parameters can be
used to specify who and what one is asking about. Ordinarily, $cid 
does not need to be specified, as it is retrived from 
$env{'request.course.id'}, but &Apache::lonnet::EXT() is called
within lonuserstate::loadmap() when initializing a course, before
$env{'request.course.id'} has been set, so it needs to be provided
in that one case.

Possible values for $varname are environment.lastname (or other item
from the envirnment hash), user.name (or someother aspect about the
user), resource.0.maxtries (or some other part and parameter of a
resource)

=item *

directcondval($number) : get current value of a condition; reads from a state
string

=item *

condval($condidx) : value of condition index based on state

=item *

metadata($uri,$what,$toolsymb,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount) : request a
resource's metadata, $what should be either a specific key, or either
'keys' (to get a list of possible keys) or 'packages' to get a list of
packages that this resource currently uses, the last 3 arguments are 
only used internally for recursive metadata.

the toolsymb is only used where the uri is for an external tool (for which
the uri as well as the symb are guaranteed to be unique).

this function automatically caches all requests except any made recursively
to retrieve a list of metadata keys for an imported library file ($liburi is 
defined).

=item *

metadata_query($query,$custom,$customshow) : make a metadata query against the
network of library servers; returns file handle of where SQL and regex results
will be stored for query

=item *

symbread($filename,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles) : 
return symbolic list entry (all arguments optional). 

Args: filename is the filename (including path) for the file for which a symb 
is required; donotrecurse, if true will prevent calls to allowed() being made 
to check access status if more than one resource was found in the bighash 
(see rev. 1.249) to avoid an infinite loop if an ambiguous resource is part of 
a randompick); ignorecachednull, if true will prevent a symb of '' being 
returned if $env{$cache_str} is defined as ''; checkforblock if true will
cause possible symbs to be checked to determine if they are subject to content
blocking, if so they will not be included as possible symbs; possibles is a
ref to a hash, which, as a side effect, will be populated with all possible 
symbs (content blocking not tested).
 
returns the data handle

=item *

symbverify($symb,$thisfn,$encstate) : verifies that $symb actually exists
and is a possible symb for the URL in $thisfn, and if is an encrypted
resource that the user accessed using /enc/ returns a 1 on success, 0
on failure, user must be in a course, as it assumes the existence of
the course initial hash, and uses $env('request.course.id'}.  The third
arg is an optional reference to a scalar.  If this arg is passed in the 
call to symbverify, it will be set to 1 if the symb has been set to be 
encrypted; otherwise it will be null.  

=item *

symbclean($symb) : removes versions numbers from a symb, returns the
cleaned symb

=item *

is_on_map($uri) : checks if the $uri is somewhere on the current
course map, user must be in a course for it to work.

=item *

numval($salt) : return random seed value (addend for rndseed)

=item *

rndseed($symb,$courseid,$udom,$uname) : create a random sum; returns
a random seed, all arguments are optional, if they aren't sent it uses the
environment to derive them. Note: if symb isn't sent and it can't get one
from &symbread it will use the current time as its return value

=item *

ireceipt($funame,$fudom,$fucourseid,$fusymb) : return unique,
unfakeable, receipt

=item *

receipt() : API to ireceipt working off of env values; given out to users

=item *

countacc($url) : count the number of accesses to a given URL

=item *

checkout($symb,$tuname,$tudom,$tcrsid) :  creates a record of a user having looked at an item, most likely printed out or otherwise using a resource

=item *

checkin($token) : updates that a resource has beeen returned (a hard copy version for instance) and returns the data that $token was Checkout with ($symb, $tuname, $tudom, and $tcrsid)

=item *

expirespread($uname,$udom,$stype,$usymb) : set expire date for spreadsheet

=item *

devalidate($symb) : devalidate temporary spreadsheet calculations,
forcing spreadsheet to reevaluate the resource scores next time.

=item * 

can_edit_resource($file,$cnum,$cdom,$resurl,$symb,$group) : determine if current user can edit a particular resource,
when viewing in course context.

 input: six args -- filename (decluttered), course number, course domain,
                    url, symb (if registered) and group (if this is a 
                    group item -- e.g., bulletin board, group page etc.).

 output: array of five scalars --
         $cfile -- url for file editing if editable on current server
         $home -- homeserver of resource (i.e., for author if published,
                                          or course if uploaded.).
         $switchserver --  1 if server switch will be needed.
         $forceedit -- 1 if icon/link should be to go to edit mode 
         $forceview -- 1 if icon/link should be to go to view mode

=item *

is_course_upload($file,$cnum,$cdom)

Used in course context to determine if current file was uploaded to 
the course (i.e., would be found in /userfiles/docs on the course's 
homeserver.

  input: 3 args -- filename (decluttered), course number and course domain.
  output: boolean -- 1 if file was uploaded.

=back

=head2 Storing/Retreiving Data

=over 4

=item *

store($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname,$laststore) : stores hash
permanently for this url; hashref needs to be given and should be a \%hashname;
the remaining args aren't required and if they aren't passed or are '' they will
be derived from the env (with the exception of $laststore, which is an 
optional arg used when a user's submission is stored in grading).
$laststore is $version=$timestamp, where $version is the most recent version
number retrieved for the corresponding $symb in the $namespace db file, and
$timestamp is the timestamp for that transaction (UNIX time).
$laststore is currently only passed when cstore() is called by 
structuretags::finalize_storage().

=item *

cstore($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname,$laststore) : same as store
but uses critical subroutine

=item *

restore($symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname) : returns hash for this symb;
all args are optional

=item *

dumpstore($namespace,$udom,$uname,$regexp,$range) : 
dumps the complete (or key matching regexp) namespace into a hash
($udom, $uname, $regexp, $range are optional) for a namespace that is
normally &store()ed into

$range should be either an integer '100' (give me the first 100
                                           matching records)
              or be  two integers sperated by a - with no spaces
                 '30-50' (give me the 30th through the 50th matching
                          records)


=item *

putstore($namespace,$symb,$version,$storehash,$udomain,$uname,$tolog) :
replaces a &store() version of data with a replacement set of data
for a particular resource in a namespace passed in the $storehash hash 
reference. If $tolog is true, the transaction is logged in the courselog
with an action=PUTSTORE.

=item *

tmpstore($storehash,$symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname) : storage that
works very similar to store/cstore, but all data is stored in a
temporary location and can be reset using tmpreset, $storehash should
be a hash reference, returns nothing on success

=item *

tmprestore($symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname) : storage that works very
similar to restore, but all data is stored in a temporary location and
can be reset using tmpreset. Returns a hash of values on success,
error string otherwise.

=item *

tmpreset($symb,$namespace,$udom,$uname) : temporary storage reset,
deltes all keys for $symb form the temporary storage hash.

=item *

get($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uname) : returns hash with keys from array
reference filled in from namesp ($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

del($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uname) : deletes keys out of array from
namesp ($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

dump($namespace,$udom,$uname,$regexp,$range) : 
dumps the complete (or key matching regexp) namespace into a hash
($udom, $uname, $regexp, $range are optional)

$range should be either an integer '100' (give me the first 100
                                           matching records)
              or be  two integers sperated by a - with no spaces
                 '30-50' (give me the 30th through the 50th matching
                          records)
=item *

inc($namespace,$store,$udom,$uname) : increments $store in $namespace.
$store can be a scalar, an array reference, or if the amount to be 
incremented is > 1, a hash reference.

($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

put($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uname) : stores hash in namesp
($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

cput($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uname) : critical put
($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

newput($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uname) :

Attempts to store the items in the $storehash, but only if they don't
currently exist, if this succeeds you can be certain that you have 
successfully created a new key value pair in the $namespace db.


Args:
 $namespace: name of database to store values to
 $storehash: hashref to store to the db
 $udom: (optional) domain of user containing the db
 $uname: (optional) name of user caontaining the db

Returns:
 'ok' -> succeeded in storing all keys of $storehash
 'key_exists: <key>' -> failed to anything out of $storehash, as at
                        least <key> already existed in the db (other
                        requested keys may also already exist)
 'error: <msg>' -> unable to tie the DB or other error occurred
 'con_lost' -> unable to contact request server
 'refused' -> action was not allowed by remote machine


=item *

eget($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uname) : returns hash with keys from array
reference filled in from namesp (encrypts the return communication)
($udom and $uname are optional)

=item *

log($udom,$name,$home,$message) : write to permanent log for user; use
critical subroutine

=item *

get_dom($namespace,$storearr,$udom,$uhome) : returns hash with keys from
array reference filled in from namespace found in domain level on either
specified domain server ($uhome) or primary domain server ($udom and $uhome are optional).

=item *

put_dom($namespace,$storehash,$udom,$uhome) :  stores hash in namespace at 
domain level either on specified domain server ($uhome) or primary domain 
server ($udom and $uhome are optional)

=item * 

get_domain_defaults($target_domain,$ignore_cache) : returns hash with defaults 
for: authentication, language, quotas, timezone, date locale, and portal URL in
the target domain.

May also include additional key => value pairs for the following groups:

=over

=item
disk quotas (MB allocated by default to portfolios and authoring spaces).

=over

=item defaultquota, authorquota

=back

=item
tools (availability of aboutme page, blog, webDAV access for authoring spaces,
portfolio for users).

=over

=item
aboutme, blog, webdav, portfolio

=back

=item
requestcourses: ability to request courses, and how requests are processed.

=over

=item
official, unofficial, community, textbook, placement

=back

=item
inststatus: types of institutional affiliation, and order in which they are displayed.

=over

=item
inststatustypes, inststatusorder, inststatusguest

=back

=item
coursedefaults: can PDF forms can be created, default credits for courses, default quotas (MB)
for course's uploaded content.

=over

=item
canuse_pdfforms, officialcredits, unofficialcredits, textbookcredits, officialquota, unofficialquota, 
communityquota, textbookquota, placementquota

=back

=item
usersessions: set options for hosting of your users in other domains, and hosting of users from other domains
on your servers.

=over

=item 
remotesessions, hostedsessions

=back

=back

In cases where a domain coordinator has never used the "Set Domain Configuration"
utility to create a configuration.db file on a domain's primary library server 
only the following domain defaults: auth_def, auth_arg_def, lang_def
-- corresponding values are authentication type (internal, krb4, krb5,
or localauth), initial password or a kerberos realm, language (e.g., en-us) -- 
will be available. Values are retrieved from cache (if current), unless the
optional $ignore_cache arg is true, or from domain's configuration.db (if available),
or lastly from values in lonTabs/dns_domain,tab, or lonTabs/domain.tab.

Typical usage:

%domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($target_domain);

=back

=head2 Network Status Functions

=over 4

=item *

dirlist() : return directory list based on URI (first arg).

Inputs: 1 required, 5 optional.

=over

=item 
$uri - path to file in filesystem (starts: /res or /userfiles/). Required.

=item
$userdomain - domain of user/course to be listed. Extracted from $uri if absent. 

=item
$username -  username of user/course to be listed. Extracted from $uri if absent. 

=item
$getpropath - boolean: 1 if prepend path using &propath(). 

=item
$getuserdir - boolean: 1 if prepend path for "userfiles".

=item 
$alternateRoot - path to prepend in place of path from $uri.

=back

Returns: Array of up to two items.

=over

a reference to an array of files/subdirectories

=over

Each element in the array of files/subdirectories is a & separated list of
item name and the result of running stat on the item.  If dirlist was requested
for a file instead of a directory, the item name will be ''. For a directory 
listing, if the item is a metadata file, the element will end &N&M 
(where N amd M are either 0 or 1, corresponding to obsolete set (1), or
default copyright set (1).  

=back

a scalar containing error condition (if encountered).

=over

=item 
no_host (no homeserver identified for $username:$domain).

=item 
no_such_host (server contacted for listing not identified as valid host).

=item 
con_lost (connection to remote server failed).

=item 
refused (invalid $username:$domain received on lond side).

=item 
no_such_dir (directory at specified path on lond side does not exist). 

=item 
empty (directory at specified path on lond side is empty).

=over

This is currently not encountered because the &ls3, &ls2, 
&ls (_handler) routines on the lond side do not filter out
. and .. from a directory listing. 

=back

=back

=back

=item *

spareserver() : find server with least workload from spare.tab


=item *

host_from_dns($dns) : Returns the loncapa hostname corresponding to a DNS name or undef
if there is no corresponding loncapa host.

=back


=head2 Apache Request

=over 4

=item *

ssi($url,%hash) : server side include, does a complete request cycle on url to
localhost, posts hash

=back

=head2 Data to String to Data

=over 4

=item *

hash2str(%hash) : convert a hash into a string complete with escaping and '='
and '&' separators, supports elements that are arrayrefs and hashrefs

=item *

hashref2str($hashref) : convert a hashref into a string complete with
escaping and '=' and '&' separators, supports elements that are
arrayrefs and hashrefs

=item *

arrayref2str($arrayref) : convert an arrayref into a string complete
with escaping and '&' separators, supports elements that are arrayrefs
and hashrefs

=item *

str2hash($string) : convert string to hash using unescaping and
splitting on '=' and '&', supports elements that are arrayrefs and
hashrefs

=item *

str2array($string) : convert string to hash using unescaping and
splitting on '&', supports elements that are arrayrefs and hashrefs

=back

=head2 Logging Routines


These routines allow one to make log messages in the lonnet.log and
lonnet.perm logfiles.

=over 4

=item *

logtouch() : make sure the logfile, lonnet.log, exists

=item *

logthis() : append message to the normal lonnet.log file, it gets
preiodically rolled over and deleted.

=item *

logperm() : append a permanent message to lonnet.perm.log, this log
file never gets deleted by any automated portion of the system, only
messages of critical importance should go in here.


=back

=head2 General File Helper Routines

=over 4

=item *

getfile($file,$caller) : two cases - requests for files in /res or in /uploaded.
(a) files in /uploaded
  (i) If a local copy of the file exists - 
      compares modification date of local copy with last-modified date for 
      definitive version stored on home server for course. If local copy is 
      stale, requests a new version from the home server and stores it. 
      If the original has been removed from the home server, then local copy 
      is unlinked.
  (ii) If local copy does not exist -
      requests the file from the home server and stores it. 
  
  If $caller is 'uploadrep':  
    This indicates a call from lonuploadrep.pm (PerlHeaderParserHandler phase)
    for request for files originally uploaded via DOCS. 
     - returns 'ok' if fresh local copy now available, -1 otherwise.
  
  Otherwise:
     This indicates a call from the content generation phase of the request.
     -  returns the entire contents of the file or -1.
     
(b) files in /res
   - returns the entire contents of a file or -1; 
   it properly subscribes to and replicates the file if neccessary.


=item *

stat_file($url) : $url is expected to be a /res/ or /uploaded/ style file
                  reference

returns either a stat() list of data about the file or an empty list
if the file doesn't exist or couldn't find out about it (connection
problems or user unknown)

=item *

filelocation($dir,$file) : returns file system location of a file
based on URI; meant to be "fairly clean" absolute reference, $dir is a
directory that relative $file lookups are to looked in ($dir of /a/dir
and a file of ../bob will become /a/bob)

=item *

hreflocation($dir,$file) : returns file system location or a URL; same as
filelocation except for hrefs

=item *

declutter() : declutters URLs -- remove beginning slashes, 'res' etc.
also removes beginning /home/httpd/html unless /priv/ follows it.

=back

=head2 Usererfile file routines (/uploaded*)

=over 4

=item *

userfileupload(): main rotine for putting a file in a user or course's
                  filespace, arguments are,

 formname - required - this is the name of the element in $env where the
           filename, and the contents of the file to create/modifed exist
           the filename is in $env{'form.'.$formname.'.filename'} and the
           contents of the file is located in $env{'form.'.$formname}
 context - if coursedoc, store the file in the course of the active role
             of the current user; 
           if 'existingfile': store in 'overwrites' in /home/httpd/perl/tmp
           if 'canceloverwrite': delete file in tmp/overwrites directory
 subdir - required - subdirectory to put the file in under ../userfiles/
         if undefined, it will be placed in "unknown"

 (This routine calls clean_filename() to remove any dangerous
 characters from the filename, and then calls finuserfileupload() to
 complete the transaction)

 returns either the url of the uploaded file (/uploaded/....) if successful
 and /adm/notfound.html if unsuccessful

=item *

clean_filename(): routine for cleaing a filename up for storage in
                 userfile space, argument is:

 filename - proposed filename

returns: the new clean filename

=item *

finishuserfileupload(): routine that creates and sends the file to
userspace, probably shouldn't be called directly

  docuname: username or courseid of destination for the file
  docudom: domain of user/course of destination for the file
  formname: same as for userfileupload()
  fname: filename (including subdirectories) for the file
  parser: if 'parse', will parse (html) file to extract references to objects, links etc.
          if hashref, and context is scantron, will convert csv format to standard format
  allfiles: reference to hash used to store objects found by parser
  codebase: reference to hash used for codebases of java objects found by parser
  thumbwidth: width (pixels) of thumbnail to be created for uploaded image
  thumbheight: height (pixels) of thumbnail to be created for uploaded image
  resizewidth: width to be used to resize image using resizeImage from ImageMagick
  resizeheight: height to be used to resize image using resizeImage from ImageMagick
  context: if 'overwrite', will move the uploaded file from its temporary location to
            userfiles to facilitate overwriting a previously uploaded file with same name.
  mimetype: reference to scalar to accommodate mime type determined
            from File::MMagic if $parser = parse.

 returns either the url of the uploaded file (/uploaded/....) if successful
 and /adm/notfound.html if unsuccessful (or an error message if context 
 was 'overwrite').
 

=item *

renameuserfile(): renames an existing userfile to a new name

  Args:
   docuname: username or courseid of destination for the file
   docudom: domain of user/course of destination for the file
   old: current file name (including any subdirs under userfiles)
   new: desired file name (including any subdirs under userfiles)

=item *

mkdiruserfile(): creates a directory is a userfiles dir

  Args:
   docuname: username or courseid of destination for the file
   docudom: domain of user/course of destination for the file
   dir: dir to create (including any subdirs under userfiles)

=item *

removeuserfile(): removes a file that exists in userfiles

  Args:
   docuname: username or courseid of destination for the file
   docudom: domain of user/course of destination for the file
   fname: filname to delete (including any subdirs under userfiles)

=item *

removeuploadedurl(): convience function for removeuserfile()

  Args:
   url:  a full /uploaded/... url to delete

=item * 

get_portfile_permissions():
  Args:
    domain: domain of user or course contain the portfolio files
    user: name of user or num of course contain the portfolio files
  Returns:
    hashref of a dump of the proper file_permissions.db
   

=item * 

get_access_controls():

Args:
  current_permissions: the hash ref returned from get_portfile_permissions()
  group: (optional) the group you want the files associated with
  file: (optional) the file you want access info on

Returns:
    a hash (keys are file names) of hashes containing
        keys are: path to file/file_name\0uniqueID:scope_end_start (see below)
        values are XML containing access control settings (see below) 

Internal notes:

 access controls are stored in file_permissions.db as key=value pairs.
    key -> path to file/file_name\0uniqueID:scope_end_start
        where scope -> public,guest,course,group,domains or users.
              end -> UNIX time for end of access (0 -> no end date)
              start -> UNIX time for start of access

    value -> XML description of access control
           <scope type=""> (type =1 of: public,guest,course,group,domains,users">
            <start></start>
            <end></end>

            <password></password>  for scope type = guest

            <domain></domain>     for scope type = course or group
            <number></number>
            <roles id="">
             <role></role>
             <access></access>
             <section></section>
             <group></group>
            </roles>

            <dom></dom>         for scope type = domains

            <users>             for scope type = users
             <user>
              <uname></uname>
              <udom></udom>
             </user>
            </users>
           </scope> 
              
 Access data is also aggregated for each file in an additional key=value pair:
 key -> path to file/file_name\0accesscontrol 
 value -> reference to hash
          hash contains key = value pairs
          where key = uniqueID:scope_end_start
                value = UNIX time record was last updated

          Used to improve speed of look-ups of access controls for each file.  
 
 Locks on files (resulting from submission of portfolio file to a homework problem stored in array of arrays.

=item *

modify_access_controls():

Modifies access controls for a portfolio file
Args
1. file name
2. reference to hash of required changes,
3. domain
4. username
  where domain,username are the domain of the portfolio owner 
  (either a user or a course) 

Returns:
1. result of additions or updates ('ok' or 'error', with error message). 
2. result of deletions ('ok' or 'error', with error message).
3. reference to hash of any new or updated access controls.
4. reference to hash used to map incoming IDs to uniqueIDs assigned to control.
   key = integer (inbound ID)
   value = uniqueID

=item *

get_timebased_id():

Attempts to get a unique timestamp-based suffix for use with items added to a 
course via the Course Editor (e.g., folders, composite pages, 
group bulletin boards).

Args: (first three required; six others optional)

1. prefix (alphanumeric): of keys in hash, e.g., suppsequence, docspage,
   docssequence, or name of group

2. keyid (alphanumeric): name of temporary locking key in hash,
   e.g., num, boardids

3. namespace: name of gdbm file used to store suffixes already assigned;  
   file will be named nohist_namespace.db

4. cdom: domain of course; default is current course domain from %env

5. cnum: course number; default is current course number from %env

6. idtype: set to concat if an additional digit is to be appended to the 
   unix timestamp to form the suffix, if the plain timestamp is already
   in use.  Default is to not do this, but simply increment the unix 
   timestamp by 1 until a unique key is obtained.

7. who: holder of locking key; defaults to user:domain for user.

8. locktries: number of attempts to obtain a lock (sleep of 1s before 
   retrying); default is 3.

9. maxtries: number of attempts to obtain a unique suffix; default is 20.  

Returns:

1. suffix obtained (numeric)

2. result of deleting locking key (ok if deleted, or lock never obtained)

3. error: contains (localized) error message if an error occurred.


=back

=head2 HTTP Helper Routines

=over 4

=item *

escape() : unpack non-word characters into CGI-compatible hex codes

=item *

unescape() : pack CGI-compatible hex codes into actual non-word ASCII character

=back

=head1 PRIVATE SUBROUTINES

=head2 Underlying communication routines (Shouldn't call)

=over 4

=item *

subreply() : tries to pass a message to lonc, returns con_lost if incapable

=item *

reply() : uses subreply to send a message to remote machine, logs all failures

=item *

critical() : passes a critical message to another server; if cannot
get through then place message in connection buffer directory and
returns con_delayed, if incapable of saving message, returns
con_failed

=item *

reconlonc() : tries to reconnect lonc client processes.

=back

=head2 Resource Access Logging

=over 4

=item *

flushcourselogs() : flush (save) buffer logs and access logs

=item *

courselog($what) : save message for course in hash

=item *

courseacclog($what) : save message for course using &courselog().  Perform
special processing for specific resource types (problems, exams, quizzes, etc).

=item *

goodbye() : flush course logs and log shutting down; it is called in srm.conf
as a PerlChildExitHandler

=back

=head2 Other

=over 4

=item *

symblist($mapname,%newhash) : update symbolic storage links

=back

=cut


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